1566
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
|
| 1566 by topic |
|---|
| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
|
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
| 346 before ROC 民前346年 | |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 98 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2108–2109 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴木牛年 (female Wood-Ox) 1692 or 1311 or 539 — to — 阳火虎年 (male Fire-Tiger) 1693 or 1312 or 540 |
Year 1566 (MDLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
.
January–March
- Michele Ghislieri is elected as the new Pope by two-thirds of the College of Cardinals, to succeed Pope Pius IV, who had died 28 days earlier on December 8. Ghislieri becomes the 225th pope, and takes the regnal name Pope Pius V.[1]
- daimyō (warlord) of the Bitchū Province, is shot dead by two brothers (Endo Matajiro and Yoshijiro), sent by his rival Ukita Naoie.
- Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.[2]
April–June
- April 5 – The Compromise of Nobles is presented to Margaret of Parma, Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands, but it succeeds only in delaying the beginning of the Eighty Years' War in the Netherlands.[3][4]
- May 1
- Charles IX, King of France, completes his grand tour of his kingdom, returning to Paris a little more than 27 months and 2,500 miles (4,000 km) after his departure on January 24, 1564.[5]
- Suleiman the Magnificent, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, begins his last campaign, departing from Constantinople at the head of one of the largest armies he has ever commanded, with a plan to attack Vienna, capital of the Holy Roman Empire.[6] However, he dies of natural causes at age 71, one day before the end of the month-long siege of Szigetvár.
- May 13 – Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor imposes a Reichsexekution upon John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony. Augustus, Elector of Saxony is directed to carry out the order to begin the siege of the city of Gotha and John Frederick's home at the Grimmenstein Castle.
- Arabic language, wearing of traditional Arab or Muslim clothing, a requirement that doors in their homes and buildings be kept open every Friday and on Muslim feast days (in order to verify that Muslim rituals are not observed), and that the tearing down of public and private bathhouses (to prevent purification rites).[7]
- May 30 – The Augsburg Imperial Coin Edict issues from the Holy Roman Empire, authorizing a new coin, the thaler. The new unit of money, the Reichsthaler, follows standards providing that the weight should be based on one-ninth of a Cologne mark of silver (the "9 Thaler standard") with each minted coin to weigh 29.23 grams and to contain 25.96 grams of silver.[8] The word thaler, an abbreviation for the "Joachimsthaler" minted from the silver mines at Joachimsthal (now Jáchymov in the Czech Repbulic), is anglicized to dollar, the name of currencies in many English-speaking nations.
- June 10 – In Znojmo (now in the Czech Republic), Wilhelm von Rosenberg, commander of the Army of the Kingdom of Bohemia, begins raising an army to fight an expected invasion by the Ottoman Empire.[9]
July–September
- July 22 – Pope Pius V issues an edict to expel most prostitutes from Rome, and the Papal States.[10] The edict is soon reversed because of the loss of revenue from the taxation of houses of prostitution.[11]
- July 25 – Feodor Stefanovich Kolychov is consecrated as the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church as Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow with the approval of the Tsar Ivan the Terrible,[12] but soon defies the Tsar. Philip will be deposed in 16 months later and put to death on December 23, 1568.
- July 28 – John Sigismund Zápolya, uncrowned claimant to the throne of the King of Hungary, leads an invasion of Upper Hungary on the orders of Ottoman Sultan Suleiman.[13]
- Eighty Years War.
- Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.[15] This is the Ottoman Empireat its greatest extent.
- Calvinists engage in widespread destruction of religious art in the what are now the Netherlands and Belgium.[16]
- August 16 – The Beeldenstorm arrives at Ypres and the St Martin's Cathedral is plundered, with the library and artifiacts of Bishop Martin Rythovius burned.
- August 25 – The vandalism of the Beeldenstorm reaches Leiden.
- Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.[18]
- Nikola Šubić Zrinski, annihilated by an army of 90,000 soldiers of the Ottoman Empire, under Sokollu Mehmed Pasha.[19][20] Before charging out with his remaining 600 troops, General Zrinski orders the gates to the fortress to be opened and fires a large cannon, loaded with broken iron, killing hundreds of Ottoman attackers as they enter.[21] As a final measure, according to one source, Zrinski orders a long fuse to be lit to the fortress gunpowder magazine and the powder explodes while thousands of Ottomans are inside.[21]
October–December
- October 2 – Richard Onslow is elected as the Speaker of the English House of Commons by a vote of 82 to 70.
- October 8 – Catherine of the Austrian Habsburgs, Queen of consort of Poland since 1553 as wife of Sigismund II Augustus, leaves Poland to return to Austria after the failure of her marriage. She never comes back to Poland, though she remains the official queen consort until her death in 1572.[22]
- October 19 – Gastón de Peralta, 3rd Marquess of Falces becomes the Viceroy of New Spain, replacing Francisco Ceinos. Peralta is removed from office by King Philip II after charges are made that Peralta is planning a rebellion against the crown.[23]
- October 28 – In Kneiphof, a city in the Duchy of Prussia (now Ostrov Immanuinga Kanta in Russia), Albert, Duke of Prussia has three of the town's five councilors beheaded on charges of causing political and religious disputes with the other Prussian states. Johann Funck, Matthias Horst, and Hans Schnell are executed in the town's marketplace, while Paul Skalich and Johann Steinbach are able to flee the country.[24]
- November 5 – Queen Elizabeth I of England addresses the English Parliament and champions English nationalism, asking "Was I not born in this realm? Were my parents born in any foreign country? Is there any cause I should alienate myself from being careful over this country? Is not my kingdom here?"[25]
- centigrams) of gold to 400 (386 cg) and equivalent to 16 silver reales.[26]
- November 26 – At the Craigmillar Castle, the advisers to Mary, Queen of Scots—— James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray; Secretary of State William Maitland of Lethington; Lord Chancellor George Gordon, 5th Earl of Huntly; Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll; and James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell — advise her to divorce her husband, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. She refuses and the advisers execute the decide that Darnley must be killed.[27]
- December 17 – The baptism of Prince James, son of Mary Queen of Scots, takes place at Stirling Castle
Date unknown
- Between July 19, 1566 and July 7, 1567 (during the Islamic calendar year 974 AH) – The first bridge crossing the Neretva River at Mostar (in modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina) is completed by the Ottoman Empire. The white marble bridge becomes known as Stari Most ("Old Bridge").
Births
Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain
- January 13 – Maria of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess Consort of Saxe-Lauenburg (1582–1619) (d. 1626)
- January 15 – Philipp Uffenbach, German artist (d. 1636)[28]
- January 17 – Anna Juliana Gonzaga, Archduchess of Austria and nun (d. 1621)[29]
- February 1 – Marie of the Incarnation, French Discalced Carmelite beatified nun and blessed (d. 1618)[30]
- February 18 – Francesco Erizzo, Doge of Venice (d. 1646)[32]
- March 1 – John Hoskins, English poet (d. 1638)[33]
- March 8 – Carlo Gesualdo, Italian music composer (d. 1613)[34]
- April 2 – Bartholda van Swieten, Dutch diplomat (d. 1647)[35]
- June 19 – King James VI of Scotland/James I of England and Ireland (d. 1625)[37]
- June 20 – King Sigismund III Vasa, of Poland and Sweden (d. 1632)[38]
- July 9 – John Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, German duke (d. 1638)[39]
- August 24 – Abraham Scultetus, German theologian (d. 1625)[41]
- September 1 – Edward Alleyn, English actor (d. 1626)[42]
- October 13 – Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (d. 1643)[43]
- October 15 – Sigrid of Sweden, Swedish princess (d. 1633)[44]
- November 3 – Charles, Count of Soissons, French prince du sang and military commander (d. 1612)[45]
- November 9 – Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Lüneburt (1611–1633) (d. 1633)[46]
- November 21 – Francesco Cennini de' Salamandri, Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1645)[47]
- November 25 – John Heminges, English actor (d. 1630)[48]
- November 26 – Francesco Bracciolini, Italian poet (d. 1645)[49]
- December 1 – Philip of Nassau, Count of Nassau (d. 1595)[50]
- December 11 – (baptised) – Manuel Cardoso, Portuguese composer (d. 1650)[51]
- December 19 – George Talbot, 9th Earl of Shrewsbury, English earl (d. 1630)
- December 27 – Jan Jesenius, Slovak physician (d. 1621)[52]
- date unknown
- Pietro Cerone, Italian music theorist (d. 1625)[53]
- Giovanni Baglione, Italian painter and historian of art (d. 1643)[55]
- Lucia Quinciani, Italian composer[56]
- James Sempill, Scottish theologian (d. 1626)[57]
- Caterina Vitale, Maltese pharmacist (d. 1619)[58][59]
Deaths
- January 7 – Louis de Blois, Flemish mystical writer (b. 1506)[61]
- February 3 – George Cassander, Flemish theologian (b. 1513)[62]
- February 24 – Mimura Iechika, Japanese warlord (b. 1517)
- March 9 – David Rizzio, Italian secretary of Mary, Queen of Scots (b. 1533)[63]
- March 23 – Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince (b. 1492)[64]
- March 26 – Antonio de Cabezón, Spanish composer and organist (b. 1510)[65]
- March 28 – Sigismund von Herberstein, Austrian diplomat (b. 1486)[66]
- April 25 – Diane de Poitiers, mistress of King Henry II of France (b. 1499)[67]
- April 25 – Louise Labé, French poet (b. c. 1524)[68]
- May 10 – Leonhart Fuchs, German physician and a botanist (b. 1501)[69]
- July 2 – Nostradamus, French astrologer (b. 1503)[70]
- July 13 – Thomas Hoby, English diplomat and translator (b. 1530)[71]
- July 18 – Bartolomé de las Casas, Spanish priest (b. 1484)[72]
- July 30 – Guillaume Rondelet, French doctor (b. 1507)[73]
- August 19 – Elisabeth of Brunswick-Calenberg, Countess of Henneberg (b. 1526)[74]
- September 2 – Taddeo Zuccari, Italian painter (b. 1529)[75]
- September 17 – Íñigo López de Mendoza, 4th Duke of the Infantado (b. 1493)[76]
- September 22 – Johannes Agricola, German Protestant reformer (b. 1494)[77]
- September 27 – Marco Girolamo Vida, Italian poet (b. 1490)[78]
- October 13 – Zilia Dandolo, Venetian dogaressa[79]
- October 28 – Johann Funck, German theologian (b. 1518)[80]
- October 31 – Richard Edwardes, English poet (b. 1523)[81]
- November 2 – Thomas White, English politician (b. 1507)
- November 17 – Annibale Caro, Italian poet and Knight of Malta (b. 1507)[82]
- November 27 – Froben Christoph of Zimmern, author of the Zimmern Chronicle (b. 1519)[83]
- December 1 – Francisco Mendoza de Bobadilla, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1508)[84]
- December 26 – Kimotsuki Kanetsugu, Japanese samurai (b. 1511)
- December 28 – Margaret Paleologa, Sovereign Marchioness of Montferrat (1531–1540) (b. 1510)[86]
- date unknown
- Charles Dumoulin, French jurist (b. 1500)[87]
- Calvagh O'Donnell, Irish chieftain[88]
- probable –
References
- ISBN 978-0-87462-649-0.
- ^ De Lucca, Denis (2013). "The city-fortress of Valletta in the Baroque age". Baroque Routes Newsletter. 9: 8–17. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-78914-088-0. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-415-16357-6. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
- ^ Les Lettres de pardon du voyage de Charles IX (1565-1566), ed. by (Société de l'Histoire de France, 2010)
- ISBN 978-0-415-96913-0.
- ^ Rodrigo de Zayas, Les Morisques et le racisme d'état (La Différence, 1992) p. 230
- ^ Wolfgang Trapp, Kleines Handbuch der Münzkunde und des Geldwesens in Deutschland (Reclam, 1999) p. 87.
- ^ "Rosenberg (Familienartikel)", by Annemarie Enneper, in Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German) (Duncker & Humblot, 2005), vol. 22, pp. 57–58
- ^ Christina J. Moose, Great Events from History: The Renaissance & Early Modern Era, 1454-1600, Volume 2 (Salem Press, 2005) p.701
- JSTOR 24412612. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- ^ "Hieromartyr Philip, Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia", Orthodox Church in America
- ^ László Kontler, Millennium in Central Europe: A History of Hungary (Atlantisz Publishing, 1999) p.148
- ^ Ernst H. Kossman and Albert F. Mellink, Texts Concerning the Revolt of the Netherlands. Cambridge University Press, 1974) pp. 69-75
- ^ Horváth, Jenő (1895). Magyar hadi krónika: a magyar nemzet ezeréves küzdelmeinek katonai története (in Hungarian). Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Hadtudományi Bizottsága. p. 87. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-8014-7496-5.
- ^ ISBN 978-90-04-39623-4. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
- ^ "SELİM II". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved November 27, 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-4408-6803-0. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- ISSN 1936-8879. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- ^ a b Edward Shelton, The Book of Battles: or, Daring Deeds by Land and Sea (Houlston and Wright, 1867) pp.82-83
- ISBN 978-5-420-01703-6.
- ^ Manuel García Puron, México y sus gobernantes (in Spanish)(Joaquín Porrua Publishing, 1984)
- ^ "Funck, Johann", by Paul Tsackert in The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, ed. by Samuel Macauley Jackson (Funk and Wagnalls Co., 1909) pp.410-411
- ^ Elizabeth I: Collected Works, ed. by Leah S. Marcus, Janel Mueller, and Mary Beth Rose, (University of Chicago Press, 2002), p.95
- ^ "El Marviedi— Su Grandeza y Decadencia", in Revista de Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos (March–April, 1905) p.218
- ^ Letters of Mary, Queen of Scots,ed. by Agnes Strickland (Henry Colburn, 1848) p.37
- ^ Seibt, Wilhelm (1885). Helldunkel: Adam Elsheimer ́s Leben und Wirken (in German). Keller. p. 7. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- ^ Wurzbach, Constantin (1860). Biographisches Lexikon des Kaisertums Österreich. Universitätsbibliothek Graz. p. 154. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ^ Broglie, Emmanuel de (1903). La bienheureuse Marie de l'Incarnation: Madame Acarie (1566-1618) (in French). V. Lecoffre. p. 6. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- ISSN 0002-6980. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ^ Rendina, Claudio (1984). I dogi: storia e segreti (in Italian). Newton Compton. p. 362. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-8191-2147-9. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-19-816216-2. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- ^ "Swieten, Bartholda van (1566-1647)". resources.huygens.knaw.nl. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- S2CID 237961866. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- ^ "James I and VI". BBC History. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
- ISBN 978-0-7172-0134-1.
- ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon: Eine Encyklopädie des allgemeinen Wissens (in German). Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts. 1876. p. 560. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- ISBN 978-84-9920-638-7. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- ^ "Scultetus, Abraham". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- required.)
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/3133. Retrieved December 2, 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ Förhandlingar och uppsatser (in Swedish). Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. 1888. p. 200. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ^ Gouellain, Gustave; Cochet, Jean Benoît Désiré (1863). Revue de la Normandie (in French). E. Cagniard. p. 91. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ^ Allgemeiner Harz-Berg-Kalender (in German). E. Piepersche. p. 80. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of January 11, 1621". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ^ Shakespeare Quarterly. Folger Shakespeare Library. 1950. p. 7. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ^ "BRACCIOLINI, Francesco - Treccani". Treccani (in Italian). Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ^ Mortanges, Willem Theodoor Pahud de; Graafland, Jacob Petrus Hooft (1886). Historisch overzicht van de drie gebeurtenissen voorgesteld in de Maskerade, bij gelegenheid van het 250-jarig bestaan der Utrechtsche Academie (in Dutch). Beijers en Van Boekhoven. p. 28. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-674-37299-3. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- S2CID 206608579.
- ^ "CERONE, Domenico Pietro". Treccani (in Italian). Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ^ Kratochvílová, Martina (2017). "Ryantová, Marie: Polyxena z Lobkovic. Obdivovaná i nenáviděná první dáma království. Nakladatelství Vyšehrad, Praha 2016" (PDF). Historica Olomucensia. 52: 329–333. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ^ "Baglione, Giovanni". Grove Art Online. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-393-03487-5. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/25073. Retrieved December 2, 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ "Caterina Scappi and her revolutionary hospital for women who were incurable". Times of Malta. August 23, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- )
- ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of February 26, 1561". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Blois, Georges de (1875). Louis de Blois, un bénédictin au XVIème siècle (in French). Palmé. p. 2. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Luïscius, A. G. (1726). Het algemeen historisch, geographisch en genealogisch woordenboek, vervattende de geheele wereldlyke geschiedenis, ... van deze laatsten gevoegt een naamlyst van derzelver uitgegevene werken (in Dutch). Husson. p. 231. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-55504-287-5.
- ^ Allgemeine deutsche Biographie (in German). Duncker & Humblot. 1898. p. 68. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ "Cabezón, Antonio de". Grove Music Online. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ WISSGRILL, Franz Carl (1800). Schauplatz des landsässigen Nieder-Oesterreichischen Adels von Herren- und Ritterstande, von dem XI Jahrhundert an, bis auf jetzige Zeiten (in German). Christian Fridich Wapplets. p. 253. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Jehanne d'Orliac (1931). The Moon Mistress: Diane de Poitiers. Harrap. p. 310.
- ^ Bever, Adolphe van (1923). Les poètes du terroir du XVe siècle au XXe siècle: textes choisis, accompagnés de notices (in French). Delagrave. p. 266. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-910090-43-9. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-84293-180-6. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-59884-299-9. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ISBN 978-84-7188-151-9. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-87169-240-5. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Braunschweigisches Magazin (in German). J. Zwissler. 1899. p. 201. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Ricerche di storia dell'arte (in Italian). Bulzoni. 1986. p. 44. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Falguera, Cristina de la Cruz de Arteaga y (1940). La Casa del Infantado: cabeza de los Mendoza (in Spanish). Duque del Infantado. p. 420. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Dietsch, Julius Erdmann Christoph (1856). Die christlichen Weihestätten in und bei der Stadt Hof: geschichtliche Darstellung der allda befindlichen Kirchen, Kapellen und Friedhöfe (in German). Riegel & Wießner. p. 45. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Tadisi, Jacopo Antonio (1788). Vita di monsignor Marco Girolamo Vida nobile cremonese, vescovo d'Alba, descritta da Jacopo Antonio Tadisi . (in Italian). Vincenzo Antoine. p. 39. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Staley, Edgcumbe (1910). The dogaressas of Venice: The wifes of the doges. London: T. W. Laurie. p. 264. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-647-50014-0. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-4411-3796-8. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Monti, Achille (1882). Scritti in prosa ed in versi (in Italian). I. Galeati. p. 120. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Jenny, Beat Rudolf (1959). Graf Froben Christoph von Zimmern, 1519-1566: Geschichtschreiber, Erzähler, Dynast (in German). Konstanz. p. 1. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 19, 1544". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Barthélemy, L[ouis] (1889). Histoire d'Aubagne, chef-lieu de Baronnie: depuis son origine jusq'en 1789 (in French). Barlatier et Barthelet. p. 47. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Archivio storico italiano (in Italian). Leo S. Olschki. 1892. p. 265. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- S2CID 257785323.
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20550. Retrieved December 3, 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ O'Malley, Charles Donald (1955). Jacopo Aconcio (in Italian). Ed. di Storia e Letteratura. p. 51. Retrieved December 3, 2023.