2009 in paleontology

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palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science

. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2009.

Arthropods

Cephalopods

Three new species of extinct

Freie University, which is located at Berlin, Germany.^[2] The fossils were found at Hakel and Hadjoula, Lebanon.^[3] Various new ammonoid taxa were named, including Ivoites

.

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Location	Images
Keuppia^[4]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Fuchs, Bracchi, & Weis	Upper Cenomanian	Lebanon	Keuppia levante
Styletoctopus^[4]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Fuchs, Bracchi, & Weis	Upper Cenomanian	Lebanon
Ivoites^[5]	gen nov	Valid	De Baets, Klug, & Korn	Lower Emsian	Germany

Cartilaginous fish

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Gansuselache^[6]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Late Permian	Fangshankou Formation	China	A member of Hybodontoidea . Genus includes new species G. tungshengi.
Papilionichthys^[7]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Grogan Lund	Carboniferous (Serpukhovian)	Bear Gulch Limestone	United States	A member of Iniopterygidae . The type species is P. stahlae.
Rainerichthys^[7]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Grogan Lund	Carboniferous (Serpukhovian)	Bear Gulch Limestone	United States	A member of Iniopterygidae . The type species is R. zangerli.

Bony fish

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Aphanius yerevanicus^[8]	Valid	Vasilyan Reichenbacher Carnevale	Late Miocene		Armenia	A pupfish, a species of Aphanius.
Carpathoserranoides^[9]	Valid	Prokofiev	Oligocene		Czech Republic Poland	A member of Percoidei. The type species is C. brnoensis; genus also includes C. polonicus.
Caucasoserranoides^[9]	Valid	Prokofiev	Oligocene		Russia	A member of Percoidei. The type species is C. morozkiensis.
Eophryne^[10]	Valid	Carnevale Pietsch	Eocene (late Ypresian)	Monte Bolca locality	Italy	A frogfish. The type species is Eophryne barbutii.
Gogosardina^[11]	Valid	Choo Long Trinajstic	Late Devonian	Gogo Formation	Australia	An early ray-finned fish. Genus includes new species G. coatesi.
Heddleichthys^[12]	Valid	Snitting	Famennian (Late Devonian)	Dura Den Formation	Scotland
Hendrixella^[13]	Valid	Bannikov Carnevale	Eocene (late Ypresian)	Monte Bolca locality	Italy	A member of Percoidei of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Hendrixella grandei.
Langlieria^[14]	Valid	Clément Snitting Ahlberg	Famennian (Late Devonian)	Evieux Formation	Belgium
Oligoserranoides^[9]	Valid	Prokofiev	Oligocene		Abkhazia Azerbaijan Czech Republic France Germany Hungary Poland Romania Russia Ukraine	A member of Percoidei. The type species is "Smerdis" budensis Heckel (1856); genus also includes "Serranus" comparabilis Daniltshenko (1960).
Ridewoodichthys^[15]	Valid	Taverne	Early Paleocene		Angola	An arowana; a new genus for "Brychaetus" caheni Taverne (1969).
Ungarnia^[9]	Valid	Prokofiev	Oligocene		Romania	A member of Percoidei. The type species is "Serranus" transsylvanicus Bohm (1942).

Shimada, K.; Everhart, M.J. (2009). "First record of Anomoeodus (Osteichthyes: Pycnodontiformes) from the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 112 (1/2): 98–102.
S2CID 83951062
.

Amphibians

Newly named amphibians

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Baphetes orientalis^[16]	Valid	Milner Milner Walsh	Late Carboniferous		Czech Republic
Cratia^[17]	Valid	Báez Moura Gómez	Lower Cretaceous	Crato Formation	Brazil	Possible stem neobatrachian
Eurycephalella^[17]	Valid	Báez Moura Gómez	Lower Cretaceous	Crato Formation	Brazil	A hyloid
Nannaroter^[18]	Valid	Anderson Scott Reisz	Early Permian		USA	The smallest known ostodolepid microsaur
Nesovtriton^[19]	Valid	Skutschas	Turonian	Bissekty Formation	Uzbekistan	A cryptobranchoid salamander
Regalerpeton^[20]	Valid	Zhang Wang Jones Evans	Early Cretaceous	Huajiying Formation	China	A cryptobranchoid salamander
Spinarerpeton^[21]	Valid	Klembara	Early Permian	Boskovice Furrow	Czech Republic	A discosauriscid seymouriamorph

Basal reptiles

Newly named basal reptiles

Name	Status	Authors	Discovery year	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Australothyris^[22]	Valid	Modesto Scott Reisz		Middle Permian	Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone	South Africa	A basal parareptile
Procolina^[23]	Valid	Borsuk−Białynicka Lubka		early Late Olenekian	Czatkowice 1	Poland	A procolophonid

Turtles

Newly named turtles

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Angolachelys^[24]	Valid	Mateus Jacobs et al.^{[CAL 1]}	Turonian (Late Cretaceous)		Angola
Aurorachelys^[25]	Valid	Vandermark Tarduno et al.^{[CAL 2]}	Late Cretaceous	Strand Fiord Formation	Canada
Basilochelys^[26]	Valid	Tong Claude et al.^{[CAL 3]}	Late Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous	Phu Kradung Formation	Thailand
Cedrobaena^[27]	Valid	Lyson Joyce	Paleocene	Fort Union Formation	USA	New genus for "Plesiobaena" putorius Gaffney, 1972
Chelonoidis alburyorum^[28]	Valid	Franz Franz	Holocene		The Bahamas	A tortoise.
Chinlechelys^[29]	Valid	Joyce et al.	Late Triassic (Norian)	Bull Canyon Formation	United States	A basal member of Testudinata. The type species is C. tenertesta. The genus Chinlechelys was considered to be a junior synonym of the genus Proganochelys by Joyce (2017), though the author maintained C. tenertesta as a distinct species within the latter genus.^[30]
Derrisemys^[31]	Junior synonym	Hutchison	Early Paleocene		USA	Junior synonym of Hutchemys.^[32]
Eileanchelys^[33]	Valid	Anquetin Barrett et al.^{[CAL 4]}	Middle Jurassic	Kilmaluag Formation	Scotland
Hutchemys^[34]	Valid	Joyce Revan Lyson Danilov	Paleocene	Tullock Formation	USA	A plastomenine softshell turtles
Kinkonychelys^[35]	Valid	Gaffney Krause Zalmout	Late Cretaceous	Maevarano Formation	Madagascar
Palatobaena cohen^[36]	Valid	Lyson Joyce	Maastrichtian	Hell Creek Formation	USA	A baenid
Peckemys^[27]	Valid	Lyson Joyce	Late Cretaceous	Hell Creek Formation	USA	A baenid
Plastomenoides^[31]	Junior synonym	Hutchison	Early Paleocene		USA	Junior synonym of Hutchemys.^[32]

Archosauromorphs

Basal archosauromorphs

Newly named basal archosauromorphs
Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Czatkowiella^[37]	Valid	Borsuk−Białynicka Evans	earliest Late Olenekian	Czatkowice 1	Poland	A long−necked archosauromorph

Archosaurs

Lepidosauromorphs

Basal lepidosauromorphs

Newly named basal lepidosauromorphs
Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Pamelina^[38]	Valid	Evans	Early Olenekian	Czatkowice 1	Poland	A basal kuehneosaurid
Sophineta^[39]	Valid	Evans Borsuk−Białynicka	earliest Late Olenekian	Czatkowice 1	Poland	A basal lepidosauromorph

Plesiosaurs

In 2009, in
Predator X
."
O'Keefe, F. R.; Street, H. P. (2009). "Osteology of the cryptocleidoid plesiosaur Tatenectes laramiensis, with comments on the taxonomic status of the Cimoliasauridae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 48–57.
S2CID 31924376
.

Newly named plesiosaurs
Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Gallardosaurus^[40]	Valid	Gasparini	Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)	Jagua Formation	Cuba		Gallardosaurus
Nichollssaura^[41]	Valid	Druckenmiller Russell	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	Clearwater Formation	Canada	Replacement name for Nichollsia Druckenmiller & Russell, 2008, preoccupied by an isopod genus Nichollsia Chopra & Tiwari, 1950	Nichollssaura.
Rarosaurus^[42]	Disputed	Kaddumi	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)		Jordan	A member of Polycotylidae. The type species is R. singularis.

Squamates

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Carinodens minalmamar^[43]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schulp, Bardet & Bouya	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)		Morocco	A mosasaur.
Titanoboa^[44]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Head et al.	Paleocene	Cerrejón Formation	Colombia	In February, the La Guajira, Colombia.^[45]

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Images
Protuberum^[46]	Valid	Reichel Schultz Soares	Middle Triassic (Ladinian)	Santa Maria Formation	Brazil
Raranimus^[47]	Valid	Liu Rubidge Li	Middle Permian (Roadian)	Xidagou Formation	China	Raranimus dasahankouensis
Yuanotherium^[48]	Valid	Hu Meng Clark	Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)	Shishugou Formation	China

Mammals

Plants

Angiosperms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Eucalyptolaurus^[49]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Coiffard et al.	uppermost Albian-lowermost Cenomanian	Charente-Maritimes	France

Relevant research in other sciences

Evolutionary biology

A study is published that proposes that females from certain taxa use ornaments as a criterion for mate choice because other dimorphic structures, like biological "weaponry" could be used to coerce or force them to mate.^[50]
A study concludes that biotic factors have more pronounced local and short term evolutionary impacts than abiotic factors, which in turn have a more pronounced effect through time and on biodiversity as a whole.^[51]

Extinction

A study noting the effects of the KT mass extinction on Earth's modern biota is published.^[52]

Geology

Zhang, H.; Wei, Z.-L.; Liu, X.-M.; Li, D. (2009). "Constraints on the age of the Tuchengzi Formation by LA-ICP-MS dating in northern Hebei-western Liaoning, China". Science China Earth Sciences. 52 (4): 461–470.
S2CID 129751106
.

Footnotes

Complete author list

As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors.

^ Mateus, Jacobs, Polcyn, Schulp, Vineyard, Neto, Antunes.
^ Vandermark, Tarduno, Brinkman, Cottrell, Mason.
^ Tong, Claude, Naksri, Suteethorn, Buffetaut, Khansubba, Wongko, Yuandetkla.
^ Anquetin, Barrett, Jones, Moore-Fay, Evans.

References

OCLC 46769716
.

^ Rare fossil octopuses found, NBC News, March 18, 2009

^ New Octopus from the late Cretaceous of Hakel and Hadjoula, Lebanon, Palaeontology, Volume 52, Issue 1, Pages 65-81

^
doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00828.x
.

doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0252-0361
.

doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00382.x
.

^
doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00371.x
.

S2CID 129643131
.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d A.M. Prokofiev (2009). "К систематике олигоценовых перкоидных рыб, известных под сборным названием "Serranus budensis", с выделением новых таксонов". Актуальные проблемы современной науки. 46: 199–222.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00874.x
.

doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00370.x
.

doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00376.x
.

S2CID 129475416
.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00876.x
.

^ Louis Taverne (2009). "Ridewoodichthys, a new genus for Brychaetus caheni from the marine Paleocene of Cabinda (Africa): re-description and comments on its relationships within the Osteoglossidae (Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)". Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 79: 147–153.

doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00340.x
.

^
doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.01.002
.

S2CID 130420068
.

S2CID 85024012
.

doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2008.10.004
.

S2CID 86629854
.

doi:10.1139/E09-001. Retrieved 14 August 2010.^{[permanent dead link}
]

^ Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka; Mariusz Lubka (2009). "Procolophonids from the Early Triassic of Poland" (PDF). Paleontologica Polonica. 65: 107–144. Retrieved 12 August 2010..

doi:10.4202/app.2008.0063
. Retrieved 21 June 2010.

doi:10.1130/G25415A.1
.

^ Tong, H.; Claude, J.; Naksri, W.; Suteethorn, V.; Buffetaut, E.; Khansubha, S.; Wongko, K. & Yuangdetkla, P. (2009). "Basilochelys macrobios n. gen. and n. sp., a large cryptodiran turtle from the Phu Kradung Formation (latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous) of the Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand". In: Buffetaut, E.; Cuny, G.; Le Loeuff, J. & Suteethorn, V. (eds.). Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 315: 229-243.

^
S2CID 85964417
.

^ Richard Franz; Shelley E. Franz (2009). "A new fossil land tortoise in the genus Chelonoidis (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the northern Bahamas, with an osteological assessment of other Neotropical tortoises". Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 49 (1): 1–44.

PMID 18842543
.

S2CID 54982901
.

^ ^a ^b John Howard Hutchison (2009). "New soft-shelled turtles (Plastomeninae, Trionychidae, Testudines) from the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene of North America". PaleoBios. 29 (2): 36–47. Retrieved 7 August 2010.

^
S2CID 129918006
.

PMID 19019789
..

S2CID 85505337
. Retrieved 7 August 2010.

S2CID 54740846
.

S2CID 86045244
.

^ Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka; Susan E. Evans (2009). "A long−necked archosauromorph from the Early Triassic of Poland" (PDF). Paleontologica Polonica. 65: 203–234. Retrieved 17 August 2010.

^ Susan E. Evans (2009). "An early kuehneosaurid reptile (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Early Triassic of Poland" (PDF). Paleontologica Polonica. 65: 145–178. Retrieved 13 August 2010.

^ Susan E. Evans; Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka (2009). "A small lepidosauromorph reptile from the Early Triassic of Poland" (PDF). Paleontologica Polonica. 65: 179–202. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2010.

S2CID 55353949
.

S2CID 83847722
.

^ Hani Faig Kaddumi (2009). "On the remains of the first plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from Harrana with a description of a new genus and species of Polycotylidae". In Hani Faig Kaddumi (ed.). Fossils of the Harrana Fauna and the Adjacent Areas. pp. 158–162.

S2CID 130121783
.

S2CID 4381423
.

doi:10.1038/news.2009.80. Archived from the original
on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-04.

S2CID 129081834
.

doi:10.4202/app.2008.0071
.

doi:10.4202/app.2008.0053
.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00845.x
.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01131.x
.

S2CID 206512702
.

S2CID 47550103
.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2009_in_paleontology&oldid=1291699820"

[angolachelys-authors-25] Mateus, Jacobs, Polcyn, Schulp, Vineyard, Neto, Antunes.

[aurorachelys-authors-27] Vandermark, Tarduno, Brinkman, Cottrell, Mason.

[basilochelys-authors-29] Tong, Claude, Naksri, Suteethorn, Buffetaut, Khansubba, Wongko, Yuandetkla.

[eileanchelys-authors-37] Anquetin, Barrett, Jones, Moore-Fay, Evans.

[1] OCLC 46769716
.

[msnbc-2] Rare fossil octopuses found, NBC News, March 18, 2009

[palaeontology-3] New Octopus from the late Cretaceous of Hakel and Hadjoula, Lebanon, Palaeontology, Volume 52, Issue 1, Pages 65-81

[fuchsetal2009-4] 
doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00828.x
.

[debaetsetal2009-5] :10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0252-0361
.

[6] :10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00382.x
.

[Papilionichthys-7] 
doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00371.x
.

[8] S2CID 129643131
.

[Caucasoserranoides-9] A.M. Prokofiev (2009). "К систематике олигоценовых перкоидных рыб, известных под сборным названием "Serranus budensis", с выделением новых таксонов". Актуальные проблемы современной науки. 46: 199–222.

[10] doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00874.x
.

[11] :10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00370.x
.

[Snitting2009-12] :10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00376.x
.

[13] S2CID 129475416
.

[Clémentetal2009-14] :10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00876.x
.

[15] Louis Taverne (2009). "Ridewoodichthys, a new genus for Brychaetus caheni from the marine Paleocene of Cabinda (Africa): re-description and comments on its relationships within the Osteoglossidae (Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)". Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 79: 147–153.

[16] doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00340.x
.

[Báez2009-17] 
doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.01.002
.

[ASR09-18] S2CID 130420068
.

[Skutschas2009-19] S2CID 85024012
.

[Zhang2009-20] :10.1016/j.cretres.2008.10.004
.

[Klembara-21] S2CID 86629854
.

[22] :10.1139/E09-001. Retrieved 14 August 2010.^{[permanent dead link}
]

[23] Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka; Mariusz Lubka (2009). "Procolophonids from the Early Triassic of Poland" (PDF). Paleontologica Polonica. 65: 107–144. Retrieved 12 August 2010..

[24] doi:10.4202/app.2008.0063
. Retrieved 21 June 2010.

[26] :10.1130/G25415A.1
.

[28] Tong, H.; Claude, J.; Naksri, W.; Suteethorn, V.; Buffetaut, E.; Khansubha, S.; Wongko, K. & Yuangdetkla, P. (2009). "Basilochelys macrobios n. gen. and n. sp., a large cryptodiran turtle from the Phu Kradung Formation (latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous) of the Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand". In: Buffetaut, E.; Cuny, G.; Le Loeuff, J. & Suteethorn, V. (eds.). Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 315: 229-243.

[Lyson-30] 
S2CID 85964417
.

[31] Richard Franz; Shelley E. Franz (2009). "A new fossil land tortoise in the genus Chelonoidis (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the northern Bahamas, with an osteological assessment of other Neotropical tortoises". Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 49 (1): 1–44.

[32] PMID 18842543
.

[33] S2CID 54982901
.

[Hutchison2009-34] John Howard Hutchison (2009). "New soft-shelled turtles (Plastomeninae, Trionychidae, Testudines) from the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene of North America". PaleoBios. 29 (2): 36–47. Retrieved 7 August 2010.

[Gilmoremys-35] 
S2CID 129918006
.

[36] PMID 19019789
..

[joyce2009-38] S2CID 85505337
. Retrieved 7 August 2010.

[39] S2CID 54740846
.

[Lyson2009-40] S2CID 86045244
.

[41] Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka; Susan E. Evans (2009). "A long−necked archosauromorph from the Early Triassic of Poland" (PDF). Paleontologica Polonica. 65: 203–234. Retrieved 17 August 2010.

[42] Susan E. Evans (2009). "An early kuehneosaurid reptile (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Early Triassic of Poland" (PDF). Paleontologica Polonica. 65: 145–178. Retrieved 13 August 2010.

[43] Susan E. Evans; Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka (2009). "A small lepidosauromorph reptile from the Early Triassic of Poland" (PDF). Paleontologica Polonica. 65: 179–202. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2010.

[44] S2CID 55353949
.

[45] S2CID 83847722
.

[46] Hani Faig Kaddumi (2009). "On the remains of the first plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from Harrana with a description of a new genus and species of Polycotylidae". In Hani Faig Kaddumi (ed.). Fossils of the Harrana Fauna and the Adjacent Areas. pp. 158–162.

[47] S2CID 130121783
.

[head-48] S2CID 4381423
.

[Nature-49] :10.1038/news.2009.80. Archived from the original
on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-04.

[50] S2CID 129081834
.

[51] :10.4202/app.2008.0071
.

[52] :10.4202/app.2008.0053
.

[Coiffard2009-53] :10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00845.x
.

[54] :10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01131.x
.

[55] S2CID 206512702
.

[56] S2CID 47550103
.

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