2011 in paleontology

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palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science

. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2011.

Protozoa

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Vetufebrus^[2]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Poinar	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A Enischnomyia stegosoma	Vetufebrus ovatus

Plants

Ferns and fern allies

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Drynaria callispora^[3]	Sp nov		Su et al	Pliocene	Sanying Formation	China		A Drynaria species fern
Equisetum thermale^[4]	sp. nov	Valid	Channing, Zamuner, Edwards, & Guido	Callovian - Tithonian	La Matilde Formation	Argentina		oldest crown group Equisetum species

Gymnosperms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes
Agathoxylon byeongpungense^[5]	comb nov		(Kim et al.) Oh et al.	Cretaceous (Aptian - Albian)	Donghwachi Formation	South Korea		An Araucariaceous wood
Agathoxylon kiiense^[5]	comb nov		(Ogura) Oh et al.	Cretaceous (Aptian - Albian)	Togeum Formation	South Korea		An Araucariaceous wood
Agathoxylon togeumense^[5]	Sp nov		Oh et al.	Cretaceous (Aptian - Albian)	Togeum Formation	South Korea		An Araucariaceous wood
Cariria^[6]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kunzmann et al.	Aptian	Crato Formation	Brazil		A possible gnetophyte
Cupressus guangxiensis^[7]	Sp nov		Shi et al.	Oligocene	Ningming Formation	China		A cuprecaceous foliage/cone species
Hughmillerites^[8]	Gen et comb nov		Rothwell et al.	Jurassic Kimmeridgian	Kimmeridge Clay Formation	UK Scotland	Conites juddii (1913)	A cuprecaceous cone morphotaxon The type species is H. juddii
Pinus arnoldii^[9]	Syn nov	Valid	Miller	Eocene Ypresian	Princeton chert	Canada British Columbia	Pinus similkameenensis (1973)^[10]	A permineralized pine An amplified "whole plant reconstruction" including P. similkameenensis foliage/wood
Protaxodioxylon turolense^[11]	Sp nov		Vozenin-Serra	Cretaceous late Albian	Utrillas Formation	Spain		A cupressaceous wood
Qataniaria^[12]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Krassilov & Schrank	Albian	Hatira Formation	Israel		A gymnosperm pollen morphotype
Schizolepis daohugouensis^[13]	Sp nov		Zhang et al.	Jurassic	Daohugou flora	China		A pinaceous relative

Gymnosperm research

An amplified whole plant reconstruction of the
Princeton chert pine Pinus arnoldii, expanding the diagnosis to include P. similkameenensis (Miller, 1973) foliage and wood plus unnamed pollens cones found in attachment to the P. arnoldii ovulate cones is published by Klymiuk, Stockey, & Rothwell.^[9]

Angiosperms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Ficus palaeoracemosa^[14]	Sp nov		Srivastava, Srivastava, & Mehrotra	Early Miocene	Kasauli Formation	India	A fig leaf morphospecies
Leefructus^[15]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Sun, Dilcher, Wang, & Chen	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	A basal eudicot
Oemleria janhartfordae^[16]	Species	Valid	Benedict, DeVore, & Pigg	Eocene Ypresian	Okanagan Highlands Klondike Mountain Formation	USA Washington	An Osoberry flower
Palmoxylon lametaei^[17]	Species	Valid	Dutta, Ambwani, & Estrada-Ruiz	Maastrichtian	Lameta Formation	India	A palm wood morphospecies
Prunus cathybrownae^[16]	Species	Valid	Benedict, DeVore, & Pigg	Eocene Ypresian	Okanagan Highlands Klondike Mountain Formation	USA Washington	A cherry flower species	Prunus cathybrownae

Nematoda

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Formicodiplogaster^[18]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Poinar	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A diplogasterid nematode The type species is F. myrmenema parasite of Azteca species ants	Formicodiplogaster myrmenema

Lobopods

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Diania cactiformis^[19]	Valid	Liu et al.	Lower Cambrian	Maotianshan shale	China	A lobopodian.
Mureropodia apae	Valid	Gamez Vintaned, Linan, & Zhuravlev	Early Cambrian	Murero	Spain	A lobopodian.
Siberion lenaicus	Valid	Dzik	Early Cambrian	Sinsk Formation	Russia	A lobopodian.

Vetulicolians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Ooedigera peeli^[20]	gen. nov	valid	Zinther, et al.	Early Cambrian	Sirius Passet	Greenland	earliest known vetulicolian described	Artist's reconstruction

Molluscs

Arthropods

Fishes

Amphibians

Newly named lepospondyls

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Kirktonecta^[21]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Clack	Viséan	East Kirkton Quarry	Scotland	A microsaur .
Tambaroter^[22]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Henrici Martens et al.^{[CAL 1]}	Early Permian	Tambach Formation	Germany	An ostodolepid .

Newly named temnospondyls

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Acheloma dunni^[23]	Species	Valid	Polley Reisz	Early Permian		USA	A trematopid.
Calmasuchus^[24]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Fortuny Galobart De Santisteban	early-middle Anisian	Catalan basin	Spain	A capitosaurian.
Rotaryus^[25]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Berman Henrici et al.^{[CAL 2]}	Early Permian	Tambach Formation	Germany	A trematopid.
Rubeostratilia^[26]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Bourget Anderson	Early Permian		USA	An amphibamid.	Rubeostratilia texensis.

Newly named lissamphibians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Urupia^[27]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Skutschas Krasnolutskii	Bathonian	Itat Formation	Russia	A basal stem salamander.

Basal reptiles

Newly named captorhinids

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Gansurhinus^[28]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Reisz Liu et al.^{[CAL 3]}	Middle Permian		China	A captorhinid .

Newly named basal diapsids

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Orovenator^[29]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Reisz Modesto Scott	Sakmarian		USA	The oldest and most basal neodiapsid .

Newly named ichthyosaurs

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Sveltonectes^[30]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Fischer Masure et al.^{[CAL 4]}	Barremian		Russia	An ophthalmosaurid .

Lepidosauromorphs

Newly named saurosphargids

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Sinosaurosphargis^[31]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Li Rieppel et al.^{[CAL 5]}	Middle Anisian	Guanling Formation	China	An incertae sedis.

Newly named sauropterygians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Abyssosaurus^[32]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Berezin	Late Hauterivian		Russia	An aristonectid .
Diandongosaurus^[33]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Shang Wu Li	Middle Anisian	Guanling Formation	China	A relative of nothosauroids.^[34]
Dianopachysaurus^[35]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Liu Rieppel et al.^{[CAL 6]}	Middle Anisian	Guanling Formation	China	A keichousaurid pachypleurosaur .
Hauffiosaurus tomistomimus^[36]	Species	Valid	Benson Ketchum et al.^{[CAL 7]}	Early Toarcian	Whitby Limestone Formation	England	A second species of Hauffiosaurus.
Marmornectes^[37]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Ketchum Benson	Callovian	Oxford Clay Formation	United Kingdom	A pliosaurid .
Westphaliasaurus^[38]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Schwermann Sander	Pliensbachian	Höxter district	Germany	A plesiosaurid plesiosaur.
Zarafasaura^[39]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Vincent Bardet et al.^{[CAL 8]}	Maastrichtian		Morocco	An elasmosaurid plesiosaur.

Newly named lizards

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Brasiliguana^[40]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Nava Martinelli	Turonian/Santonian	Adamantina Formation	Brazil	An iguanian lizard.
Cryptolacerta^[41]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Müller Hipsley et al.^{[CAL 9]}	Lutetian	Messel pit	Germany	An amphisbaenian lizard.
Latoplatecarpus^[42]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Konishi Caldwell	Campanian	Pierre Shale Formation Demopolis Chalk Formation	Canada USA	A plioplatecarpine mosasaur. Its type species is Latoplatecarpus willistoni; "Plioplatecarpus" nichollsae (Cuthbertson et al.., 2007) is a second species of Latoplatecarpus.
Oreithyia^[43]^[44]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Smith	Eocene (Chadronian)		United States	A member of Corytophanidae. The type species is Oreithyia oaklandi.
Plesioplatecarpus^[42]	Gen. et comb.	Valid	Konishi Caldwell	Middle Coniacian to middle Santonian.	Niobrara Chalk Eutaw Formation	USA	A plioplatecarpine mosasaur, a new genus for "Clidastes" planifrons (Cope, 1874).
Queironius^[43]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Smith	Eocene (Chadronian)		United States	A relative of the desert iguana. The type species is Queironius praelapsus.
Sauropithecoides^[43]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Smith	Eocene (Chadronian)		United States	A member of Polychrotidae; a new genus for "Polychrus" charisticus Smith (2006).

Newly named snakes

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Madtsoia pisdurensis^[45]	Species	Valid	Mohabey Head Wilson	Late Cretaceous		India	A madtsoiid snake.

Turtles

Newly named turtles

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Albertwoodemys^[46]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Gaffney Meylan et al.^{[CAL 10]}	Early Oligocene	Jebel Qatrani Formation	Egypt	A podocnemidid.
Brontochelys^[46]	Gen. et comb.	Valid	Gaffney Meylan et al.	Early Miocene		Pakistan	A podocnemidid, a new genus for "Shweboemys" gaffneyi.
Cordichelys^[46]	Gen. et comb.	Valid	Gaffney Meylan et al.	Late Eocene	Qasr el-Sagha beds	Egypt	A podocnemidid, a new genus for "Podocnemis" antiqua.
Gilmoremys^[47]	Gen. et comb.	Valid	Joyce Lyson	Maastrichtian	Lance Formation Hell Creek Formation	USA	A softshell turtle, new genus for "Aspideretes" lancensis (Gilmore, 1928).
Graptemys kerneri^[48]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ehret & Bourque	Late Pleistocene		United States	An emydid, a species of Graptemys.
Hispaniachelys^[49]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Slater Reolid et al.^{[CAL 11]}	Oxfordian	Lorente Formation	Spain	A paracryptodire or a basal testudine.
Hoplochelys clark^[50]	Species	Valid	Joyce Lyson et al.^{[CAL 12]}	Maastrichtian	Hell Creek Formation	USA	A kinosternoid, a species of Hoplochelys.
Lapparentemys^[46]	Gen. et comb.	Valid	Gaffney Meylan et al.	Paleocene	Santa Lucía Formation	Bolivia	A podocnemidid, a new genus for "Roxochelys" vilavilensis.
Latentemys^[46]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Gaffney Meylan et al.	Uncertain, possibly Miocene.	Uncertain, possibly Moghara Formation.	Egypt?	A podocnemidid.
Lemurchelys^[46]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Gaffney Meylan et al.	Early Miocene	Moghara Formation	Egypt	A podocnemidid.
Mogharemys^[46]	Gen. et comb.	Valid	Gaffney Meylan et al.	Miocene		Egypt	A podocnemidid, a new genus for " Sternothaerus " blanckenhorni.
Oliveremys^[51]	Gen. et comb. nov.	Valid	Vitek	Eocene	Washakie Formation	USA	A trionychid, a new genus for "Trionyx" uintaensis.
Patagoniaemys^[52]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Sterli De la Fuente	Campanian - Maastrichtian	La Colonia Formation	Argentina	A stem turtle.
Peiropemys^[46]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Gaffney Meylan et al.	Late Cretaceous	Marília Formation	Brazil	A podocnemidid.
Pricemys^[46]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Gaffney Meylan et al.	Late Cretaceous	Marília Formation	Brazil	A podocnemidid.
Prochelidella cerrobarcinae^[53]	Species	Valid	de la Fuente Umazano et al.^{[CAL 13]}	Aptian/Albian	Cerro Barcino Formation	Argentina	The oldest known chelid, a species of Prochelidella.
Selenemys^[54]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Pérez-García Ortega	Upper Kimmeridgian	Lusitanian Basin	Portugal	A pleurosternid.
Sokatra^[55]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Gaffney Krause	Maastrichtian	Maevarano Formation	Madagascar	A pleurodiran .
Trionyx ikoviensis^[56]	Species	Valid	Danilov Zvonok et al.^{[CAL 14]}	Middle Eocene		Ukraine	A species of Trionyx sensu lato.
Wilburemys^[57]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Martin & Mallory	Late Miocene-Pliocene (Hemphillian-Blancan)	Ellensburg Formation	USA Washington	An emydine Emydidae pond turtle. The type species is W. yakimensis.

Archosauromorphs

Newly named basal archosauromorphs

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Archeopelta^[58]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Desojo Ezcurra Schultz	Late Ladinian/Early Carnian	Santa Maria Formation	Brazil	A member of Archosauriformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Originally classified as a doswelliid, but subsequently argued to be an erpetosuchid archosaur.^[59]	Archeopelta arborensis
Augustaburiania^[60]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Sennikov	Early Triassic	Don River Basin	Russia	The earliest tanystropheid .
Kyrgyzsaurus^[61]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Alifanov Kurochkin	Late Ladinian/Early Carnian	Madygen Formation	Kyrgyzstan	The earliest drepanosaurid .
Protanystropheus^[60]	Gen. et comb.	Valid	Sennikov	Middle - Late Triassic		Austria Germany Netherlands Poland	A tanystropheid, a new genus for "Tanystropheus" antiquus (von Huene, 1905).

Archosaurs

Synapsids

Newly named non-mammalian synapsids

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Annatherapsidus postum^[62]	Sp.	Valid	Ivakhnenko	Late Permian		Russia	A therocephalian.
Basilodon^[63]	Gen. et comb.	Valid	Kammerer Angielczyk Fröbisch	Late Permian		South Africa	A dicynodont . A new genus for "Dicynodon" woodwardi.
Bridetherium^[64]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Clemens	Early Jurassic		United Kingdom	A morganucodontan.
Candelariodon^[65]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	De Oliveira Schultz et al.^{[CAL 15]}	Middle Triassic	Santa Maria Formation	Brazil	A carnivorous cynodont .
Cryptovenator^[66]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Fröbisch Schoch et al.^{[CAL 16]}	Late Gzhelian	Remigiusberg Formation	Germany	A sphenacodontid pelycosaur. The type species is Cryptovenator hirschbergeri.
Euptychognathus^[63]	Gen. et comb.	Valid	Kammerer Angielczyk Fröbisch	Late Permian		South Africa	A dicynodont . A new genus for "Dicynodon" bathyrhynchus.
Euromycter^[67]	Gen. et comb.	Valid	Reisz Maddin et al.^{[CAL 17]}	Upper Sakmarian - Lower Lopingian	Grès Rouge Group	France	A large caseid. A new genus for "Casea" rutena.
Gorochovetzia^[62]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Ivakhnenko	Late Permian		Russia	A therocephalian.
Keyseria^[63]	Gen. et comb.	Valid	Kammerer Angielczyk Fröbisch	Late Permian		South Africa	A dicynodont . A new genus for "Dicynodon" benjamini.
Muchia^[62]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Ivakhnenko	Late Permian		Russia	A therocephalian.
Paceyodon^[64]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Clemens	Early Jurassic		United Kingdom	A morganucodontan.
Peramodon^[63]	Gen. et comb.	Valid	Kammerer Angielczyk Fröbisch	Late Permian		Russia	A dicynodont . A new genus for "Dicynodon" amalitzkii
Perplexisaurus lepusculus^[62]	Species	Valid	Ivakhnenko	Middle Permian		Russia	A therocephalian.
Purlovia^[62]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Ivakhnenko	Late Permian		Russia	A therocephalian with a short skull.	Purlovia
Ruthenosaurus^[67]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Reisz Maddin et al.^{[CAL 17]}	Upper Sakmarian - Lower Lopingian	Grès Rouge Group	France	A large caseid. The type species is Ruthenosaurus russellorum
Syops^[63]	Gen. et comb.	Valid	Kammerer Angielczyk Fröbisch	Late Permian		South Africa	A dicynodont . A new genus for "Dicynodon" vanhoepeni.
Tiarajudens^[68]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Cisneros Abdala et al.^{[CAL 18]}	Capitanian	Rio do Rasto Formation	Brazil	A basal, saber-toothed herbivorous anomodont . The type species is Tiarajudens eccentricus.

Mammals

Footnotes

Complete author list

As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors.

^ Henrici, Martens, Berman, Sumida.
^ Berman, Henrici, Martens, Sumida, Anderson
^ Reisz, Liu, Li, Müller.
^ Fischer, Masure, Arkhangelsky, Godefroit.
^ Li, Rieppel, Wu, Zhao, Wang.
^ Liu, Rieppel, Jiang, Aitchison, Motani, Zhang, Zhou, Sun.
^ Benson, Ketchum, Noè, Gómez-Pérez.
^ Vincent, Bardet, Suberbiola, Bouya, Amaghzaz, Meslouh.
^ Müller, Hipsley, Head, Kardjilov, Hilger, Wuttke, Reisz.
^ Gaffney, Meylan, Wood, Simons and Campos
^ Slater, Reolid, Wood, Schouten and Benton
^ Knauss, Joyce, Lyson and Pearson
^ de la Fuente, Umazano, Sterli and Carballido
^ Danilov, Zvonok, Syromyatnikova and Udovichenko
^ De Oliveira, Schultz, Soares, Rodrigues.
^ Fröbisch, Schoch, Müller, Schindler, Schweiss.
^ ^a ^b Reisz, Maddin, Fröbisch, Falconnet.
^ Cisneros, Abdala, Rubidge, Dentzien-Dias, Bueno.

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_in_paleontology&oldid=1292478432"

[tambaroter-authors-23] Henrici, Martens, Berman, Sumida.

[rotaryus-authors-27] Berman, Henrici, Martens, Sumida, Anderson

[31] Reisz, Liu, Li, Müller.

[sveltonectes-authors-34] Fischer, Masure, Arkhangelsky, Godefroit.

[sinosaurosphargis-authors-36] Li, Rieppel, Wu, Zhao, Wang.

[dianopachysaurus-authors-41] Liu, Rieppel, Jiang, Aitchison, Motani, Zhang, Zhou, Sun.

[43] Benson, Ketchum, Noè, Gómez-Pérez.

[zarafasaura-authors-47] Vincent, Bardet, Suberbiola, Bouya, Amaghzaz, Meslouh.

[cryptolacerta-authors-50] Müller, Hipsley, Head, Kardjilov, Hilger, Wuttke, Reisz.

[podocnemididae-authors-56] Gaffney, Meylan, Wood, Simons and Campos

[hispaniachelys-authors-60] Slater, Reolid, Wood, Schouten and Benton

[hclarck-authors-62] Knauss, Joyce, Lyson and Pearson

[pcerrobarcinae-authors-66] Fuente, Umazano, Sterli and Carballido

[Trionyxikoviensis-authors-70] Danilov, Zvonok, Syromyatnikova and Udovichenko

[candelariodon-authors-80] De Oliveira, Schultz, Soares, Rodrigues.

[cryptovenator-authors-82] Fröbisch, Schoch, Müller, Schindler, Schweiss.

[caseids11-authors-84] Reisz, Maddin, Fröbisch, Falconnet.

[tiarajudens-authors-86] Cisneros, Abdala, Rubidge, Dentzien-Dias, Bueno.

[1] OCLC 46769716
.

[PoinarVetufebrus2011-2] PMID 22152687
.

[Drynaria2011-3] :10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.011
.

[Channing2011-4] PMID 21613167
.

[koreanwoods-5] 
doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.007
.

[Kunzmann2011-6] :10.1016/j.revpalbo.2011.02.005
.

[Shi2011-7] :10.1016/j.revpalbo.2011.06.005
.

[Hughmillerites2011-8] :10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.004
.

[Klymiuk2011-9] 
S2CID 84137991
.

[Miller1973-10] Miller Jr, C. N. (1973). "Silicified cones and vegetative remains of Pinus from Eocene of British Columbia". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 24: 101–118.

[Vozenin-Serra-11] S2CID 128392110
.

[Krassilov11-12] :10.1016/j.cretres.2010.10.001
.

[Schizolepis2011-13] S2CID 129785532
.

[Ficus2011-14] S2CID 129960761
.

[Leefructus-15] S2CID 205224036
.

[Benedict2011-16] 
S2CID 39391439
.

[Dutta2011-17] Dutta, D.; Ambwani, K.; Estrada-Ruiz, E. (2011). "Late Cretaceous palm stem Palmoxylon lametaei sp. nov. from Bhisi Village, Maharashtra, India" (PDF). Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas. 28 (1): 1–9.

[Poinar2011a-18] Poinar, G.; Heiss, E. (2011). "New Termitaphididae and Aradidae (Hemiptera) in Mexican and Dominican amber" (PDF). Palaeodiversity. 4: 51–62.

[19] S2CID 4324509
.

[Vinther2011-20] S2CID 85602402
.

[Kirktonecta-21] Clack, Jennifer A. (2011). "A new microsaur from the early Carboniferous (Viséan) of East Kirkton, Scotland, showing soft tissue evidence". Special Papers in Palaeontology. 86: 45–55.

[Tambaroter-22] S2CID 129710688
.

[24] :1807/18982
.

[Fortuny11-25] S2CID 55068128. Archived from the original
(PDF) on 2011-05-22.

[Rotaryus-26] S2CID 84780478
.

[BA11-28] S2CID 85856972
.

[29] P.P. Skutschas; S.A. Krasnolutskii (2011). "A new genus and species of basal salamanders from the Middle Jurassic of western Siberia, Russia" (PDF). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 315 (2): 167–175.

[Gansurhinus-30] S2CID 20274349
.

[Orovenator-32] PMID 21525061
.

[Sveltonectes-33] S2CID 86036325
.

[Sinosaurosphargis-35] S2CID 130698779
.

[Abyssosaurus-37] S2CID 129045087
.

[38] :10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.2011.02.002
.

[39] S2CID 131666596
.

[Dianopachysaurus-40] S2CID 86594206
.

[H.tomistomimus-42] S2CID 55436528
.

[Marmornectes-44] Hilary F. Ketchum; Roger B. J. Benson (2011). "A new pliosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Oxford Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) of England: evidence for a gracile, longirostrine grade of Early–Middle Jurassic pliosaurids". Special Papers in Palaeontology. 86: 109–129.

[Westphaliasaurus-45] ISBN 978-3-940726-14-8. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help
)

[Zarafasaura-46] :10.1016/j.gr.2010.10.005
.

[Brasiliguana-48] PMID 21437386
.

[Cryptolacerta-49] S2CID 205224382
.

[plioplatecarpines-51] 
S2CID 85972311
.

[BPMNHMedicinePoleHills-52] 
S2CID 140545447
.

[53] S2CID 83777646
.

[54] S2CID 129792355
.

[Podocnemididae-55] 
S2CID 83775718
.

[Gilmoremys-57] S2CID 129918006
.

[58] S2CID 83693680
.

[59] S2CID 86788319
.

[61] S2CID 129123961
.

[63] S2CID 86206091
.

[Sterli11-64] :10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01002.x
.

[65] :10.1016/j.cretres.2011.03.007
.

[P-GO11-67] S2CID 129187024
.

[68] S2CID 83533723
.

[69] I.G. Danilov; E.A. Zvonok; E.V. Syromyatnikova; N.I. Udovichenko (2011). "A new species of soft-shelled turtle (Trionychidae) from the Middle Eocene of Ukraine" (PDF). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 315 (4): 399–411.

[Martin2011-71] Martin, J. E.; Mallory, V. S. (2011). "Vertebrate paleontology of the late Miocene (Hemphillian) Wilbur Locality of central Washington". Paludicola. 8 (3): 155–185.

[Archeopelta-72] hdl:11336/160636
.

[73] S2CID 10007967
.

[SAG11-74] 
S2CID 85193597
.

[Kyrgyzsaurus-75] S2CID 84563146
.

[Thero-76] 
S2CID 128958135
.

[KAF11-77] 
S2CID 84987497
.

[morganucodonta-78] 
doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01094.x
.

[Candelariodon-79] ISSN 1175-5334
.

[Fröbischetal2011-81] S2CID 45410472
.

[Euromycter-83] 
S2CID 129458820. Archived from the original
(PDF) on 2012-03-19.

[85] S2CID 8178585
.

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