2017–18 North American winter
This article or section appears to contradict itself on death toll.(April 2024) |
2017–18 North American winter | |
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USD ) | |
Seasonal statistics | |
Total storms ( April 12–15, 2018 ) | |
Total fatalities | At least 92 total |
Total damage | Unknown |
Related articles | |
The 2017–18 North American winter saw weather patterns across
While there is no well-agreed-upon date used to indicate the start of winter in the Northern Hemisphere, there are two definitions of winter which may be used. Based on the astronomical definition, winter began at the winter solstice, which in 2017 occurred on December 21, and ends at the March equinox, which in 2018 occurred on March 20.[1] Based on the meteorological definition, the first day of winter is December 1 and the last day February 28.[2] Each definition involves a period of approximately three months, with some variability with both definitions containing two months and a week. Winter is often defined by meteorologists to be the three calendar months with the lowest average temperatures. Since both definitions span the calendar year, it is possible to have a winter storm in two different years.
Seasonal forecasts
On October 19, 2017, the
Seasonal summary
The North American winter of 2017–18 began in the month of November with the highest snow extent in at least one and a half decades, with snow covering over a quarter of the contiguous United States,
January and the new year opened with cold temperatures remaining in place across the eastern part of the country, which would continue until the middle of the month. In the first week of 2018, an extremely powerful
The end of January saw some scattered snow-related events, but a pattern change in February brought warmer conditions to most of the U.S., and thus few wintry weather events – except for one that struck the Northeast in mid-February. Unprecedented warmth days later sent temperatures as high as 80 °F (27 °C) on February 21 in the eastern half of the country.
The pattern largely abated by late March, but soon made a comeback as many regions in the northern half had one of the coldest Aprils on record,
Events
Late October nor'easter
Category 0 "Nuisance" ( NOAA: N/A) | |
Duration | October 29–30, 2017 |
---|---|
Lowest pressure | 975 mb (28.79 inHg) |
Maximum snow | 8.5 in (22 cm) |
Fatalities | 0 fatalities |
Damage | ≥ $100 million (2017 USD) |
Near the end of October, just before Halloween, a powerful extratropical cyclone formed in the Atlantic Ocean off of the coast of New England. Rapidly intensifying into a powerful nor'easter,[26] the winter storm was enhanced by moisture left over from Tropical Storm Philippe – which dissipated over Cuba and spawned an unrelated non-tropical low that the nor'easter later absorbed – before hitting New England and eastern Canada.
The nor'easter resulted in approximately 1.2 million power outages in New England. The system produced tropical storm-force sustained winds, reaching 57 mph (92 km/h) in Warwick, Rhode Island, and hurricane-force wind gusts, peaking at 93 mph (150 km/h) in Popponesset, Massachusetts.[27][28] The system also produced snowfall mainly in the higher elevations, in areas such as West Virginia and some parts of western Maryland.[29] Snowfall totals reached up to over 8 inches (20 cm) in some spots, causing accidents and requiring snow plowers to be deployed in Preston County.[29]
In Canada, Hydro-Québec reported 200,000 customers losing power because of damages due to winds of 70 to 90 kilometres per hour (43 to 56 mph). It also rained heavily in Quebec and Eastern Ontario, with up to 98 millimetres (3.9 in) in the Canadian capital region of Ottawa forcing Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to use an all-terrain vehicle to leave from his second home on Mousseau Lake in Gatineau Park to go to Parliament.[30]
Mid-November cold wave
After an exceptionally warm September and October for many places in the
Early December winter storm
Category 2 "Significant" ( NOAA: 3.077) | |
Water vapor imagery of the storm (left) and the impacts of the storm in Fairmount, Georgia on December 8 (right) | |
Duration | December 7–10, 2017 |
---|---|
Lowest pressure | 995 mb (29.38 inHg) |
Maximum snow | 25 in (64 cm) |
Fatalities | 7 fatalities[b] |
Damage | Unknown |
A strong winter storm affected areas from northeastern Mexico to the
Up to 400,000 people were left without power across the affected regions, several schools and roads shut down, and 3 were have confirmed to have been killed by the storm as of December 9. One person died in
Post-Christmas–mid-January cold wave
In late December, a strong Arctic
In
In their first few days of 2018, the cold front was stretched as far south into the Caribbean. However, temperatures were much warmer - Havana didn’t see any temperatures below 14 °C (57 °F).[56][57]
Early January blizzard
Category 1 "Notable" ( NOAA: 2.55) | |
Duration | January 2–5, 2018 |
---|---|
Lowest pressure | 949 mb (28.02 inHg) |
Maximum snow | 24 in (61 cm) |
Fatalities | 22 fatalities |
Damage | $1.1 billion (2018 USD) |
A severe
The blizzard produced snowfall and other forms of frozen precipitation across much of the United States Eastern Seaboard. As of the WPC's fifth winter storm summary, the highest official snowfall amount recorded is 17.0 in (43 cm) in Cape May Court House, New Jersey; however, a snowfall total of 52 centimetres (20 in) was reported in Bathurst, New Brunswick. Freezing rain totals peaked at 0.5 in (1.3 cm) in Brunswick, Georgia and near Folkston, Georgia.[59] At least twenty-two fatalities were attributed to the storm, including at least eight car accident-related deaths. At least 4,020 flights were cancelled across the United States, with a majority of cancellations caused by the extensive winter storm. Insurers estimate that claims relating to coastal flooding from the storm will be more than those from snow-related damage.[60]
Early January West Coast cyclone & floods
A strong low-pressure system and cold front developed off the coast of California on January 5, 2018.[61] The system moved onto the mainland on January 8, bringing heavy rain to Southern California and prompting mandatory evacuations in parts of Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, and Ventura counties, over potential mudslides in areas affected by wildfires.[62] The storm intensified on the following day, with at least four inches (100 mm) of rain falling over the two-day period, before ending on January 9, causing several major mudflows.[63][64]
A series of mudflows occurred in Southern California in early January 2018, particularly affecting areas northwest of Montecito in Santa Barbara County. The incident was responsible for 23 deaths,[citation needed] although the body of one of the victims has never been found.[citation needed] Approximately 163 people were hospitalized with various injuries, including four in critical condition.[65] The disaster occurred one month after a series of major wildfires. The conflagrations devastated steep slopes, which caused loss of vegetation and destabilization of the soil and greatly facilitated subsequent mudflows. The mudflows caused at least $177 million (2018 USD) in property damage,[66] and cost at least $7 million in emergency responses[66] and another $43 million (2018 USD) to clean up.[67]
January winter storms
First storm (January 12–13)
A large winter storm complex spread a swath of snow and ice across the northern parts of the
Second storm (January 16–18)
A widespread winter storm impacted a large portion
Mid-February Mid-Atlantic winter storm
Category 0 "Nuisance" ( NOAA: N/A) | |
Duration | February 17–18, 2018 |
---|---|
Lowest pressure | 1007 mb (29.74 inHg) |
Maximum snow | 10 in (25 cm) |
Fatalities | 1 fatality |
Damage | Unknown |
On February 17–18, a quick-moving winter storm swept through the Mid-Atlantic states, bringing a swath of 6–10 inches (15–25 cm) across the area, which some hadn't seen since early January due to warmer-than-average temperatures. The system intensified once offshore,[76] but its impacts caused widespread disruption and slippery roads across metro areas in the overnight hours. Ice accumulations also occurred and served to sag some trees in Virginia.[77] A person died due to a fatal crash on Interstate 99.[78]
Late February ice storm
For several days in late February, a large surge of moisture resulted in a significant ice storm affecting much of the Central United States.[79] On February 23, icy conditions caused a plane to skid off a runway in Green Bay, Wisconsin.[80] Hundreds of thousands were without power in Texas,[79] and Oklahoma schools postponed all basketball games as well. Total ice accumulations ranged from 0.25–0.5 inches (6.4–12.7 mm), resulting in travel delays and accidents across much of the affected areas.[81]
March nor'easters
After a period of record warmth in late February, weather patterns across the continent abruptly became much more active in March. Four powerful nor'easters affected the United States and eastern Canada in that month alone, each dropping more than a foot of snow in the areas affected. Much of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area closed due to the nor'easters.[82]
March 1–3 nor'easter
Category 1 "Notable" ( NOAA: 2.185) | |
Duration | March 1–3, 2018 |
---|---|
Lowest pressure | 974 mb (28.76 inHg) |
Maximum snow | 39.3 in (100 cm) |
Fatalities | 9 fatalities |
Damage | $2.25 billion (2018 USD) |
The first nor'easter began to take shape over the Mid-Atlantic states at the transition of February and March. As an area of low pressure moved into the interior Northeast late on March 1, snowfall fell in areas close to the Canada–United States border, while precipitation in coastal areas was rain due to slightly warmer air.[83] Overnight into the early morning hours of March 2, a new area of low pressure formed and rapidly strengthened off the coast of New Jersey, while snow began to slowly increase in coverage near Pennsylvania and southern New York.[84] Wet bulbing helped bring snow to areas closer on the coast, such as New York City.
Although the most severe damage was caused by flooding as well as snow, unusually high tides and storm surges along the coast, wind and downed trees caused massive inland power outages,[20][85][86] with the number of outages as high as 1.6 million at one point.[87] As of March 2, at least 9 people are known to have been killed as a result of the storm, five from falling trees or branches.[87]
March 6–8 nor'easter
Category 1 "Notable" ( NOAA: 2.475) | |
Duration | March 6–8, 2018 |
---|---|
Lowest pressure | 986 mb (29.12 inHg) |
Maximum snow | 36 in (91 cm) |
Fatalities | 2 fatalities |
Damage | $525 million (2018 USD) |
As the first nor'easter occurred, a smaller, but significant blizzard struck the
Hundreds of flights were cancelled across the region, and many schools closed due to the nor'easter, although some opted to remain open. Many freeways were also closed in the regions, and several states were put under state of emergencies. In Pennsylvania, Governor Tom Wolf declared a state of emergency for several counties in the eastern part of the state.[88] A snow emergency went into effect for the city of Philadelphia on the morning of March 7.[89] Several municipalities in the Philadelphia area declared snow emergencies and many schools and government offices were closed on March 7. Many attractions in the Philadelphia area either closed early or were closed for the entire day on March 7.[90] The nor'easter had moved off by the morning of March 9, but its remnants stalled over Maritime Canada and persisted throughout the weekend.
March 12–14 nor'easter
Category 2 "Significant" ( NOAA: 4.335) | |
Duration | March 11–15, 2018 |
---|---|
Lowest pressure | 966 mb (28.53 inHg) |
Maximum snow | 30 in (76 cm) |
Fatalities | 1 fatality |
Damage | >$669,000[91][92] |
On the night of March 11, several areas of low pressure developed over the American Southeast and merged into a third nor'easter within 24 hours. On March 13, the storm produced blizzard conditions and a swath of 1–3 feet of snow in New England as it moved northeast into the
Wind gusts of 47 mph (76 km/h) were reported at
March 20–22 nor'easter
Category 1 "Notable" ( NOAA: 1.6) | |
Duration | March 20–22, 2018 |
---|---|
Lowest pressure | 988 mb (29.18 inHg) |
Maximum snow | 20 in (51 cm) |
Fatalities | 4 fatalities |
Damage | > $900 million (2018 USD) |
A fourth nor'easter began developing on March 19, affecting areas further south near the
Having been affected by three previous nor'easters in the month of March, the impending storm caused intense preparation across the region. In the early morning hours of March 20, several hundred flights were either canceled or rerouted ahead of the storm.[94] More than 4,000 flights were canceled on March 21, mainly because of the nor'easter.[24] Amtrak modified or canceled service on several trains running along the Northeast Corridor on March 21 and 22 due to the nor'easter.[95] Over 100,000 people lost power from the nor'easter.[24]
Late March–mid-April cold wave
A period of colder-then-average temperatures impacted a large swath of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains from late March to the middle of April, resulting in one of the coldest Aprils for many areas in years, especially the Upper Midwest.[96] This occurred as a result of a persistent pattern throughout much of April favoring high pressure within the Western United States, and troughs within the eastern half of the country, allowing cold air to funnel down.[citation needed] This pattern ended by May, and resulted in one of the most dramatic swings between months in the United States.[97]
In the states of
Easter Monday snowstorm
On April 2, 2018, 5.5 inches (14 cm) of snow to fall in New York City, with heavier snow in the suburbs. Snow fell at up to two inches per hour.[103] This was their heaviest April snow in 36 years. This forced the New York Yankees to postpone their home opener.[104] The New York Mets also postponed their game, only the second time in franchise history a game was postponed due to snow.[105] The storm led to 53 motor vehicle crashes in just 3 hours.[106] Portions of the metro area recorded nearly 8 inches (20 cm) of snow that day.[107] This became the second biggest April snowstorm in Newark, New Jersey.[108] April 2018 became the second snowiest April on record in Bridgeport, Connecticut and the eighth snowiest on record in Central Park as a result.[109]
Mid-April blizzard
Category 4 "Crippling" ( NOAA: 15.7) | |
Duration | April 12–15, 2018 |
---|---|
Lowest pressure | 985 mb (29.09 inHg) |
Maximum snow | 33 in (84 cm) |
Fatalities | 3 fatalities |
Damage | $925 million (2018 USD) |
In mid-April, a powerful weather system created heavy snow and blizzard conditions over much of the upper Midwest, as well as severe weather in the South.
Records
Northern United States
On January 1, 2018 in Aberdeen, South Dakota, a new low temperature of −32 °F (−36 °C) was set.[112] On January 2, a daily record low in Sioux City, Iowa was set at −28 °F (−33 °C). Other daily record low temperatures included Cedar Rapids, Iowa −23 °F (−31 °C), Pierre, South Dakota −21 °F (−29 °C), South Bend, Indiana −15 °F (−26 °C), Quincy, Illinois −12 °F (−24 °C) and Lynchburg, Virginia 3 °F (−16 °C).[113]
Eastern United States
In Indianapolis, Indiana, the temperature reached a new low of −12 °F (−24 °C).[114] On January 6, Raleigh–Durham International Airport in North Carolina set a record for the longest time spent below 32 °F (0 °C), 159 hours according to WTVD. The record of eight days set in 1895 and 1917 still had yet to be broken, but temperatures were not recorded every hour at that time.[115] On January 7, temperatures in Massachusetts were so cold that part of Buzzards Bay froze.[116]
On February 21, 2018, record warm temperatures affected the eastern part of the United States. Numerous state record highs were set, including a new February record high of 79 °F (26 °C) in
Canada
Some Canadian cities had some of their coldest New Years on record, affecting plans in towns such as Calgary (which forecast a high of −26 °C (−15 °F)), Ottawa (overnight low of −24 °C (−11 °F)), and Toronto (−15 °C (5 °F), −30 °C (−22 °F) after wind chill), although the CBC reported that Montreal and Winnipeg decided to go on without any changes.[120][121] On January 5, Toronto broke a 59-year-old record with a morning low temperature of −23 °C (−9 °F) at the Pearson International Airport weather station.[122]
Season effects
This is a table of all of the events that have occurred in the 2017–18 North American winter. It includes their duration, damage, impacted locations, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. All of the damage figures are in 2018
Regional Snowfall Index scale
| |||||
C0 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
Event name |
Dates active | RSI category
|
RSI value | Highest gust mph (km/h) |
Minimum pressure (mbar) |
Maximum snow in (cm) |
Maximum ice in (mm) |
Areas affected | Damage (2018 USD) |
Deaths |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Late October bomb cyclone
|
October 29 – 30 | N/A | N/A | 84 (135) | 975 | 8.5 (22) | N/A | Mid-Atlantic states, Northeastern United States, Eastern Canada | ≥ $100 million | None |
Early December winter storm | December 7 – 10 | Category 2 | 3.077 | N/A | 942 | 25 (64) | N/A | Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic states, Northeastern United States, Eastern Canada | N/A | 7 |
Early January blizzard | January 2 – 5 | Category 1 | 2.55 | 126 (203) | 949 | 24 (61) | 0.5 (1.3) | Cuba, The Bahamas, Bermuda, Southeastern United States, Northeastern United States, New England, Atlantic Canada | $1.1 billion | 22 |
Mid-January winter storm | January 16 – 17 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 12 (30) | N/A | Southeastern United States, Northeastern United States | Unknown | N/A |
Mid-February Mid-Atlantic winter storm | February 17 – 18 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1007 | 10 (25.4) | 0.1 (2.5) | Northeastern United States, Atlantic Canada | Unknown | N/A |
March 1–3 nor'easter | March 1 – 3 | Category 1 | 2.185 | 97 (156) | 974 | 39.3 (100) | N/A | Northeastern United States, Canada | $2.25 billion | 9 |
March 6–8 nor'easter | March 6 – 8 | Category 1 | 2.475 | 59 (95) | 986 | 36 (91) | N/A | Northeastern United States, Canada | $525 million | 2 |
March 11–15 nor'easter | March 12 – 14 | Category 2 | 4.335 | 81 (130) | 966 | 29 (73) | N/A | Northeastern United States, Canada | $670,000 | N/A |
March 20–22 nor'easter | March 20 – 22 | Category 1 | 1.6 | 79 (127) | 988 | 20.1 (51) | 0.2 (5.1) | Midwestern, Southeastern and Northeastern United States | $900 million | 4 |
Mid-April blizzard
|
April 13 – 15 | Category 4 | 15.7 | Unknown | 985 | 33 (84) | 1 (25) | Northern United States | $925 million | 3 |
Season aggregates | ||||||||||
7 RSI storms | October 29 – April 15 | 949 | 39.3 (100) | 1 (25) | ≥ $$5.7 billion | 85 |
See also
Notes
- ^ While the graphic portrays below-average precipitation as favored for Hawaii, the outlook text and other NOAA sources indicate that above-average precipitation is favored.
- ^ While there were 8 fatalities in association with this storm, one of them was located in Europe and is not included in this count
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