Carswell Air Force Base
Carswell Air Force Base | |
---|---|
Part of Strategic Air Command (SAC) | |
Fort Worth, Texas | |
Coordinates | 32°46′09″N 097°26′30″W / 32.76917°N 97.44167°W |
Site information | |
Owner | United States Department of Defense |
Condition | Good |
Site history | |
Built | 1941 |
In use | 1942–1994 |
Battles/wars | World War II, Cold War |
Carswell Air Force Base is a former United States Air Force (USAF) base, located northwest of Fort Worth, Texas. For most of its operational lifetime, the base's mission was to train and support heavy strategic bombing groups and wings.
Carswell was a major
With the end of the Cold War and the subsequent downsizing of the American military, the
History
Carswell Air Force Base was named after
Origins
Carswell's origins date back to the early years of aviation. After the United States' entry into
In 1940 the City of Fort Worth had filed an application with the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA), asking for a primary pilot training airfield for the Army Air Corps. In May, General Jacob E. Fickel visited Fort Worth on an inspection visit. Fickel had learned to fly at Carruthers Field in 1918. At the same time, the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce was trying to convince aircraft manufacturers to build an aircraft assembly plant in the area. Consolidated Aircraft, wanting to build in the area, suggested to the Air Corps that they jointly build an airfield adjacent to the heavy bomber plant they wanted to build in Fort Worth. On 16 June 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt approved $1.75 million to construct an airfield next to the Consolidated manufacturing plant. The Army wanted to have the airfield ready quickly before the plant was put into production and construction of the "Lake Worth Bomber Plant Airport" began almost immediately.[2]
World War II
However, after the
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Fortworthaaf-1945.jpg/220px-Fortworthaaf-1945.jpg)
The Army Air Forces Combat Crew School (later re-designated Army Air Forces Pilot School, Specialized 4-Engine) took graduates of Training Command's advanced pilot training schools and experienced 2-engine pilots and trained them on flying the B-24 Liberator. The school was officially opened on 12 October 1942
During training, nine-member crews were assigned to each plane, and the crews ate, slept, and trained together 24-hours a day. This allowed the crew to learn both the technical skills needed for aircraft operation as well as the other crew members' minds and reactions. Each day they trained five hours in the air and five hours on the ground. Each class lasted four and a half weeks.[2] Training officials added a Bomb Approach School in October 1943, which incorporated teamwork between a pilot and bombardier. In addition, the 9000th WAC Company of the Women's Army Corps were used in the control tower as well as in the communications office of the base.[2]
In late 1944, the B-24 training was phased out at Fort Worth AAF, being replaced with a
Eventually, 40 TB-32 trainers were produced for the training program to get underway. Prospective B-32 pilots underwent 50 hours of training in the TB-32s and co-pilots received 25 hours of flight time and 25 hours of observer training.[
Strategic Air Command
Postwar era
In November 1945, the jurisdiction of Fort Worth AAF was transferred to Second Air Force, which established its 17th Bombardment Operational Training Wing at the base, equipped with B-29A Superfortresses.
7th Bombardment Group
Fort Worth AAF was assigned to the newly formed Strategic Air Command in March 1946,
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/B-50_Lucky_Lady_II.jpg/220px-B-50_Lucky_Lady_II.jpg)
With its B-29s, the 7th prepared its people for any combat eventuality that might arise, flying simulated bombing missions over various cities. On 5 July 1947, a flight of eight B-29s of the 492nd Bomb Squadron deployed from Fort Worth AAF to
On 12 September, the group deployed 30 B-29s to Giebelstadt Army Airfield, near Würzburg, West Germany. This flight was the largest bomber formation flown from Fort Worth AAF overseas to date, landing in Germany on 13 September. During their ten-day stay, the group bombers participated in training operations over Europe, as well as a show-of-force display by the United States in the early part of the Cold War with the Soviet Union. The flight redeployed from Germany on 23 September.[6]
In February 1949, a
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/B-36aarrivalcarswell1948.jpg/220px-B-36aarrivalcarswell1948.jpg)
Since 1942, the XB-36 Peacemaker had been under development by Consolidated, and work on it was shifted from its San Diego, California plant to its government-leased plant in Fort Worth. By 1947 the initial production version B-36A was ready and in June 1948 the first
The first B-36A was designated the "City of Fort Worth" (AF Serial No. 44-92015), and was assigned to the 492d Bomb Squadron. B-36s continued to roll out from the production plant throughout 1948 and being assigned to the 7th. The group's last B-29 being transferred on 6 December to the
In January 1951, the 7th took part in a special training mission to the United Kingdom. The purpose of the mission was to evaluate the B-36D under simulated war plan conditions. Also, to evaluate further the equivalent airspeed and compression tactics for heavy bombardment aircraft. The aircraft, staging through
This was the first deployment of wing and SAC B-36 aircraft to England and Europe. For the next four days, the flight flew sorties out of England. The aircraft redeployed to the states on 20 January arriving at Carswell on 21 January.[6]
On 16 February 1951 the 7th became a paper organization. With all assigned flying squadrons reassigned directly to the 7th Bombardment Wing as part of the Tri-Deputate organization plan adopted by the wing. The group inactivated on 16 June 1952.[6]
11th Bombardment Group
On 1 December 1948, the 11th Bombardment Group was reactivated by SAC at
Cold War
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Carswell_Bomber_Static_Display.jpg/220px-Carswell_Bomber_Static_Display.jpg)
In 1947, shortly after the United States Air Force was established as a separate branch of the United States military, the Hobson Wing-Base Organization Plan was implemented. The 7th was selected as one of the "Test Wings" to evaluate the new organization T/O and on 17 November 1947 the 7th Bombardment Wing was established. The test was successful and the wing was made permanent on 1 August 1948.[9] As part of the new organization both the 7th and 11th Bombardment Groups became its operational component.
On 16 February 1951 the 11th Bombardment Wing was activated and the group was assigned to it. The 19th Air Division was organized the same day at Carswell. With this move the division assumed responsibility for the 7th and 11th Bomb Wings at Carswell.[9]
7th Bombardment Wing
B-36 Peacemaker Era
The wing's mission was to prepare for global strategic bombardment in the event of hostilities. Under various designations, the 7th Bomb Wing flew a wide variety of aircraft at the base until its inactivation in 1993.[6]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/11th_Bombardment_Wing_Convair_B-36J-5-CF_Peacemaker_52-2225.jpg/220px-11th_Bombardment_Wing_Convair_B-36J-5-CF_Peacemaker_52-2225.jpg)
A five-ship B-36 formation was flown on 15 January 1949, in an air review over Washington, D.C., commemorating the inauguration of the President of the United States, Harry S. Truman.[6]
In 1954, Carswell was prominently featured and used as a filming location in the James Stewart and June Allyson film Strategic Air Command. 11th Bomb Group B-36s appeared with James Stewart who was also attached to the unit in the 1950s as a reserve commander.[8]
On 13 June 1955, the Strategic Air Command realigned its three numbered air forces resulting in Headquarters, 8 AF moving from Carswell to
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/B36-b-52-b-58-carswell.jpg/220px-B36-b-52-b-58-carswell.jpg)
On 16 February 1951, the 11th Bombardment Wing was activated and the group was assigned to it, although all group resources were transferred to the wing until the group was inactivated in June 1952. The wing deployed to Nouasseur AB, French Morocco from 4 May until 2 July 1955. The Wing won the SAC Bombing Competition and the Fairchild Trophy in 1954, 1956 and 1960. 7–11 must have been considered a lucky combination, because the two wings continued to share Carswell Air Force base until 13 December 1957, when the 11th moved to
In January 1958, the wing began transferring its B-36 bombers to various SAC wings. On 20 January, the wing transferred all B-52 equipment and property on hand to the 4123rd Strategic Wing in order to facilitate that organization's conversion, which was scheduled several months ahead of the 7th Bomb Wing at Carswell. On 30 May, Memorial Day, the last of the B-36's in the wing were retired with appropriate ceremonies and "Open House". Air Force and civilian personnel of the base, and civilians from surrounding communities were on hand to bid the "Peacemaker" a fond farewell. This last flight of a B-36 phased out completely the B-36 program in the wing.[6]
B-52 Stratofortress and KC-135 Stratotanker Era
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Yb-52-b-36-carswell.jpg/220px-Yb-52-b-36-carswell.jpg)
On 10 December 1957, the 98th Bomb Squadron was detached from the wing and assigned to the newly activated 4123rd Strategic Wing at Carswell. This would become the first
On 19 February 1958, the 4123d Strategic Wing took possession of the first Boeing B-52 Stratofortress on Carswell. At the arrival ceremony on base, the bomber was named "The City of Fort Worth". It was subsequently assigned to the 98th Bombardment Squadron of the wing. Shortly following the arrival of B-52 bombers to the 4123rd Strategic Wing, the unit was moved to new facilities at
As a result, SAC activated the
In early 1992, SAC was ordered by AFCOS General McPeak to ground all B-52
In January 1959. B-52s from Carswell were constantly in the air and flying to Europe, Asia, and North Africa.[6]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Boeing_B-52D-30-BW_%28SN_56-0660%29_Deploying_Parachute.jpg/220px-Boeing_B-52D-30-BW_%28SN_56-0660%29_Deploying_Parachute.jpg)
On 13 April 1965, the 7 BW deployed its forces to
B-52 crews were sent through an intensive two-week course on the B-52D, making them eligible for duty in Southeast Asia. B-52s assigned to combat duty in Vietnam were painted in a modified camouflage scheme with the undersides, lower fuselage, and both sides of the vertical fin being painted in a glossy black. The USAF serial number was painted in black on the fin over a horizontal red stripe across the length of the fin.[10]
The B-52 effort was concentrated primarily against suspected Viet Cong targets in South Vietnam, but the Ho Chi Minh Trail and targets in Laos were also hit. During the relief of Khe Sanh, unbroken waves of six aircraft, attacking every three hours, dropped bombs as close as 900 feet (270 m) from friendly lines. Cambodia was increasingly bombed by B-52s from March 1969 onward.[10]
Rotational deployments to Guam, and also to
By 1984 Carswell was the largest unit of its kind in the Strategic Air Command. The 7 BW contributed personnel to
43d Bombardment Wing
In January 1960, the USAF announced its intention to activate the first
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Convair_B-58_Hustler_USAF.jpg/220px-Convair_B-58_Hustler_USAF.jpg)
After July 1961, the wing continued further B-58 evaluations until June 1962. One of its first duties of the 43d was to operate a school to evaluate the new supersonic jet bomber. On 12 January 1961, Major Henry J. Deutschendorf (the father of singer
From then until the close of 1969 the wing served as one of two SAC B-58 wings with a strategic bombardment mission. One of the last things the wing did while at Carswell AFB took place on 28 March 1964, the day after a
Air Force Reserve
In addition to the SAC units, the
Beginning in 1972, the 301st Fighter Wing (under various designations) has trained at Carswell as an Air Force Reserve Command unit, training for tactical air missions, including counter-air, interdiction, and close air support. Originally gained by the former Tactical Air Command (TAC), the unit is now operationally gained by Air Combat Command (ACC).[1][12]
The 301st replaced the Air Force Reserve's 916th Military Airlift Group (916 MAG), which was inactivated.
Inactivation
Carswell AFB was selected for closure under the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 during Round II Base Closure Commission deliberations (BRAC 91). As part of BRAC 91, the decision was made to relocate the 7th Bomb Wing from Carswell AFB to Dyess AFB.[15]
During the 1992 Air Force-wide reorganization, SAC was disestablished on 1 June. Carswell and the 7th Bomb Wing were assigned to the newly created Air Combat Command (ACC), and the B-52Hs assigned to the wing were given the ACC tail code "CW".[13]
First-stage closure activities were initiated in 1992 and B-52H aircraft were relocated to Barksdale AFB, Louisiana by January 1993. The 7 BW was released of all operational capabilities on 1 January 1993 and was transferred to
In 1993, Congress directed the establishment of the nation's first joint reserve base under the Base Realignment and Closure authority.[15] Carswell ceased USAF active duty operations on 30 September 1993 and was transferred to the Air Force Base Conversion Agency (AFBCA) for property distribution and reuse.[15]
On 1 October 1993, the Air Force Reserve's
Previous names
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Carswell_Field_TX_2006_USGS.jpg/250px-Carswell_Field_TX_2006_USGS.jpg)
- Army Air Forces Combat Crew School, Tarrant Field (aka Tarrant Field and Tarrant Field Airdrome), c. 1 July 1942
- Fort Worth Army Airfield, 29 July 1942
- Griffiss Air Force Base, 13 January 1948
- Carswell Air Force Base, 29 January 1948 – 30 September 1994[1]
Major commands to which assigned
- Second Air Force, c. 26 June 1942
- Army Air Forces Flying Training Command, 30 June 1942
- Second Air Force, 21 November 1944
- Continental Air Forces, 15 April 1945
- Re-designated: Strategic Air Command, 21 March 1946[1]
- Air Combat Command, 1 June 1992 – 30 September 1993[13]
Major units assigned
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Popular culture
- The base was one of the sites for the filming of James Stewart's 1955 film, Strategic Air Command.[16]
- President Kennedy and his entourage to Fort Worth. The next morning, 22 November, President Kennedy returned to Carswell AFB at 11:25 am and boarded Air Force One for a 15-minute flight to Love Field, Dallas, Texas. It was the last use of Air Force One by President Kennedy before he was assassinated later that day in Dallas.[17]
See also
- 34th Flying Training Wing (World War II)
- Liberator village
- Texas World War II Army Airfields
Notes
- ^ ISBN 0-912799-53-6.
- ^ ISBN 1625110006
- ^ 34th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama
- ^ "accident-report.com Fort Worth Army Airfield". Archived from the original on 7 October 2014.
- ISBN 0-89201-092-4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "7th Bombardment Wing at Carswell AFB". Archived from the original on 11 January 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
- ^ "USAF Museum Boeing B-50A "Lucky Lady II" Factsheet". Archived from the original on 10 December 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
- ^ ISBN 1-56311-239-6.
- ^ a b c d Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947–1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. p. 5.
- ^ a b c d e "7th Bomb Wing History Office, Dyess AFB". Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
- ^ "AFHRA 916th Air Refueling Wing History" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
- ^ "301st Fighter Wing History". Archived from the original on 28 April 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
- ^ ISBN 1-85780-197-0.
- ^ "457th Tactical Fighter Squqadron Factsheet". Archived from the original on 22 July 2011.
- ^ a b c d "AD-A28165 Final Environmental Impact Statement, Disposal and Re-Use of Carswell AFB, Texas" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- ^ "Strategic Air Command". 25 March 1955 – via IMDb.
- ^ "Prologue: Selected Articles". National Archives. 15 August 2016.
References
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- Manning, Thomas A. (2005), History of Air Education and Training Command, 1942–2002. Office of History and Research, Headquarters, AETC, Randolph AFB, Texas
- Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-89201-092-4.
- Mueller, Robert (1989). Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982. USAF Reference Series, Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6
- Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
- Shaw, Frederick J. (2004), Locating Air Force Base Sites, History’s Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC. OCLC 57007862, 1050653629