Anchorage, Alaska
Anchorage
Dgheyay Kaq' ( Tanaina) | ||
---|---|---|
Municipality of Anchorage | ||
Downtown Anchorage in 2018 View from 5th Avenue Anchorage in 2006 Port of Anchorage in 1999 Anchorage Skyline with USS Anchorage departing Anchorage at dusk | ||
Nicknames: | ||
Motto: Big Wild Life | ||
Coordinates: 61°13′00″N 149°53′37″W / 61.21667°N 149.89361°W | ||
Country | United States | |
State | Alaska | |
Borough | Anchorage | |
Settled | 1914 | |
Incorporated |
| |
Ship Creek | ||
Government | ||
• Body | Anchorage Assembly | |
• Mayor | Dave Bronson | |
• Alaska Senate | Senators
| |
• Alaska House | Representatives
| |
Area | ||
• Consolidated city-borough | 1,946.69 sq mi (5,041.89 km2) | |
• Land | 1,706.89 sq mi (4,420.81 km2) | |
• Water | 239.80 sq mi (621.08 km2) | |
• Urban | 78.8 sq mi (204 km2) | |
Elevation | 102 ft (31 m) | |
Population | ||
• Consolidated city-borough | 291,247 | |
• Estimate (2022)[6] | 287,145 | |
• Rank | ||
• Density | 170.6/sq mi (65.88/km2) | |
• 137th) | ||
Demonyms |
| |
GDP FIPS code | 02-03000 | |
Climate | Dfc | |
Website | www |
The Municipality of Anchorage (
Anchorage is in
Due to its location, almost
Anchorage has won the All-America City Award four times: in 1956, 1965, 1984–85, and 2002, from the National Civic League.[23] Kiplinger has named it the United States' most tax-friendly city.[24]
History
Archaeological evidence discovered at
In the 19th century, Russian presence in South-Central Alaska was well-established. The Russians placed trading posts along Cook Inlet, such as the
In 1867, U.S. Secretary of State
Alaska became an
The city grew from its happenstance choice as a site for railroad construction to begin in 1914. The waters near Ship Creek were deep enough for barges and small ships to dock, and under the direction of
Construction of the Alaska Railroad continued until its completion in 1923. The city's economy in the 1920s and 1930s centered on the railroad. Colonel Otto F. Ohlson, the Swedish-born general manager of the railroad for nearly two decades, became a symbol of residents' contempt due to the firm control he maintained over the railroad's affairs, which by extension became control over economic and other aspects of life in Alaska.
Between the 1930s and the 1950s, the city experienced massive growth as
Elmendorf Air Force Base and the United States Army's Fort Richardson were constructed in the 1940s, and served as the city's primary economic engine until the 1968 Prudhoe Bay discovery shifted the thrust of the economy toward the oil industry.
The Good Friday earthquake of March 27, 1964, hit Anchorage hard at a magnitude of 9.2, killing 115 people and causing $116 million in damages ($750 million in 2023 dollars).[27][30][31][32] The earth-shaking event lasted nearly five minutes; most structures that failed remained intact for the first few minutes then failed with repeated flexing.[31][32] It was the world's fourth-largest earthquake in recorded history.[31][32] Broadcaster Genie Chance has been credited with holding Anchorage together, as she immediately rushed to the Anchorage Public Safety Building and stayed on the KENI airwaves for almost 24 continuous hours.[33] Chance, effectively designated as the public safety officer by the city's police chief,[34] was instrumental in Anchorage's relief and recovery efforts as she coordinated response efforts, connected urgent needs with available resources, disseminated information of available shelters and food sources, and passed messages among loved ones over the air, reuniting families.[33] Because the city and surrounding suburban area was built on top ground consisting of glacial silt, the prolonged shaking from the earthquake caused soil liquefaction, leading to massive cracks in roadways and collapse of large swaths of land. One of Anchorage's most affected residential areas, the Turnagain neighborhood, saw dozens of homes originally at 250 to 300 feet above sea level sink to sea level. Rebuilding and recovery dominated the remainder of the 1960s.
In 1968,
Several attempts have been made to move Alaska's state capital from
Geography
Anchorage is in
The city is on a strip of coastal lowland and extends up the lower alpine slopes of the Chugach Mountains. Point Campbell, the westernmost point of Anchorage on the mainland, juts out into Cook Inlet near its northern end, at which point it splits into two arms. To the south is Turnagain Arm, a fjord that has some of the world's highest tides. Knik Arm, another tidal inlet, lies to the west and north. The Chugach Mountains on the east form a boundary to development, but not to the city limits, which encompass part of the wild alpine territory of Chugach State Park.
The city's sea coast consists mostly of treacherous
According to the United States Census Bureau, the municipality has an area of 1,961.1 square miles (5,079.2 km2); 1,697.2 square miles (4,395.8 km2) of which is land and 263.9 square miles (683.4 km2) of it is water. The total area is 13.5% water.
Boroughs and census areas next to the Municipality of Anchorage are
Cityscape
Wildlife
A diverse wildlife population exists within urban Anchorage and the surrounding area. Approximately 250
Climate
Anchorage | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Anchorage has a
Average January low and high temperatures at
Summers are mild (although cool compared to the
The coldest daily maximum recorded in Anchorage was −19 °F (−28 °C) in January 1989, while the coldest daily maximum on average between 1991 and 2020 was 1 °F (−17 °C).[44] Warm summer nights do not occur even with the bayside location and extensive daylight; the mildest night on record was 63 °F (17 °C)[when?]. The mean temperature is 59 °F (15 °C).[44]
Due to its proximity to active
The average temperature of the sea ranges from 35.8 °F (2.1 °C) in February to 53.1 °F (11.7 °C) in August.[50]
Climate data for Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, Alaska (1991−2020 normals,[51] extremes 1953−present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 50 (10) |
49 (9) |
53 (12) |
69 (21) |
77 (25) |
85 (29) |
90 (32) |
82 (28) |
73 (23) |
64 (18) |
54 (12) |
51 (11) |
90 (32) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 41.8 (5.4) |
42.7 (5.9) |
44.2 (6.8) |
56.3 (13.5) |
69.5 (20.8) |
74.5 (23.6) |
76.0 (24.4) |
73.7 (23.2) |
65.0 (18.3) |
54.8 (12.7) |
42.7 (5.9) |
42.3 (5.7) |
77.7 (25.4) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 22.7 (−5.2) |
27.3 (−2.6) |
33.0 (0.6) |
45.1 (7.3) |
56.3 (13.5) |
63.4 (17.4) |
66.2 (19.0) |
64.0 (17.8) |
55.7 (13.2) |
42.0 (5.6) |
28.9 (−1.7) |
25.0 (−3.9) |
44.1 (6.7) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 16.9 (−8.4) |
21.3 (−5.9) |
25.8 (−3.4) |
37.5 (3.1) |
48.1 (8.9) |
55.9 (13.3) |
59.6 (15.3) |
57.5 (14.2) |
49.3 (9.6) |
36.3 (2.4) |
23.6 (−4.7) |
19.4 (−7.0) |
37.6 (3.1) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 11.0 (−11.7) |
15.2 (−9.3) |
18.6 (−7.4) |
29.9 (−1.2) |
40.0 (4.4) |
48.4 (9.1) |
52.9 (11.6) |
50.9 (10.5) |
42.9 (6.1) |
30.7 (−0.7) |
18.3 (−7.6) |
13.8 (−10.1) |
31.0 (−0.6) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | −9.3 (−22.9) |
−3.6 (−19.8) |
1.2 (−17.1) |
17.6 (−8.0) |
30.7 (−0.7) |
40.5 (4.7) |
46.7 (8.2) |
42.7 (5.9) |
30.9 (−0.6) |
16.1 (−8.8) |
0.8 (−17.3) |
−4.9 (−20.5) |
−13.2 (−25.1) |
Record low °F (°C) | −34 (−37) |
−28 (−33) |
−24 (−31) |
−4 (−20) |
17 (−8) |
33 (1) |
36 (2) |
31 (−1) |
19 (−7) |
−5 (−21) |
−21 (−29) |
−30 (−34) |
−34 (−37) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.75 (19) |
0.86 (22) |
0.69 (18) |
0.43 (11) |
0.65 (17) |
1.02 (26) |
1.82 (46) |
2.93 (74) |
3.10 (79) |
1.82 (46) |
1.19 (30) |
1.16 (29) |
16.42 (417) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 12.4 (31) |
13.4 (34) |
11.0 (28) |
4.0 (10) |
0.3 (0.76) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.4 (1.0) |
5.6 (14) |
12.6 (32) |
18.2 (46) |
77.9 (198) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 8.1 | 7.9 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 6.5 | 8.6 | 11.7 | 14.4 | 14.9 | 11.5 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 115.1 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 8.8 | 7.8 | 6.1 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.2 | 7.7 | 10.8 | 47.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
73.4 | 71.4 | 66.1 | 64.3 | 61.6 | 65.6 | 71.4 | 75.1 | 75.9 | 74.5 | 77.1 | 77.1 | 71.1 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 8.1 (−13.3) |
11.1 (−11.6) |
15.4 (−9.2) |
24.1 (−4.4) |
33.4 (0.8) |
42.4 (5.8) |
48.6 (9.2) |
47.8 (8.8) |
40.6 (4.8) |
27.0 (−2.8) |
15.3 (−9.3) |
10.6 (−11.9) |
27.0 (−2.8) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 82.9 | 120.5 | 195.8 | 235.3 | 288.7 | 274.7 | 250.1 | 203.9 | 159.8 | 117.1 | 80.6 | 51.8 | 2,061.2 |
Percent possible sunshine | 41 | 48 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 48 | 44 | 42 | 41 | 38 | 37 | 30 | 46 |
Average ultraviolet index | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[44][52][53] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[54] |
Climate data for Anchorage | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average sea temperature °F (°C) | 36.9 (2.8) |
35.8 (2.1) |
36.1 (2.3) |
37.5 (3.0) |
42.4 (5.8) |
47.7 (8.8) |
52.4 (11.3) |
53.1 (11.7) |
51.6 (10.9) |
47.5 (8.6) |
43.0 (6.1) |
39.6 (4.2) |
43.6 (6.5) |
Mean daily daylight hours | 7.0 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 15.0 | 18.0 | 19.0 | 18.0 | 16.0 | 13.0 | 10.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 12.5 |
Source: Weather Atlas[54] |
Climate data for Campbell Airstrip (Anchorage Alaska) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 20 (−7) |
26 (−3) |
35 (2) |
45 (7) |
58 (14) |
66 (19) |
68 (20) |
65 (18) |
55 (13) |
41 (5) |
26 (−3) |
22 (−6) |
44 (7) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 2 (−17) |
4 (−16) |
9 (−13) |
22 (−6) |
33 (1) |
41 (5) |
47 (8) |
44 (7) |
35 (2) |
22 (−6) |
7 (−14) |
5 (−15) |
23 (−5) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 10.0 (25) |
16.0 (41) |
18.0 (46) |
9.0 (23) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
9.0 (23) |
11.0 (28) |
2.0 (5.1) |
75.2 (191.61) |
Source: NOAA[44] |
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1920 | 1,856 | — | |
1930 | 2,277 | 22.7% | |
1940 | 3,495 | 53.5% | |
1950 | 11,254 | 222.0% | |
1960 | 44,397 | 294.5% | |
1970 | 48,081 | 8.3% | |
1980 | 174,431 | 262.8% | |
1990 | 226,338 | 29.8% | |
2000 | 260,283 | 15.0% | |
2010 | 291,826 | 12.1% | |
2020 | 291,247 | −0.2% | |
2023 (est.) | 286,075 | [55] | −1.8% |
U.S. Decennial Census[56][57] |
Anchorage first appeared on the 1920 U.S. Census.[58] It incorporated that same year and in 1975 it was consolidated with its borough.
2020 census
According to the 2020 census, Anchorage had a population of 291,247.[9] Its racial makeup was 63.8% White (57.1% were non-Hispanic or Latino), 10.0% Asian, 9.1% American Indian or Alaska Native, 9.4% were Hispanic or Latino, 6.0% were African American and 8.4% were from two or more races. 6.9% of the population were under the age of 5, 24.0% were under the age of 18, 64.3% were between 18 and 64, and 11.7% were 65 years or over. 50.9% of the population were male and 49.1% were female. 9.3% were veterans and 10.9% of the population was born outside of the United States. There were 119,276 housing units, 106,567 households and the average household size was 2.69 people per household. 17.8% of households had a language other than English spoken at home. 95.9% of households had a computer present with 90.0% having a broadband Internet connection. 93.9% of the population had a high school diploma or higher with 36.1% having a Bachelor's degree or higher. 8.4% of the population under the age of 65 had a disability with 11.1% of the same age group having no health insurance. 68.5% of the population were in the civilian labor force. The median household income was $84,928 and the per capita income from May 2019–April 2020 was $41,415. The poverty rate was 9.5%.
Race / Ethnicity | Pop 2000[59] | Pop 2010[60] | Pop 2020[61] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
181,982 | 182,814 | 158,232 | 69.92% | 62.64% | 54.33% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
14,667 | 15,308 | 13,777 | 5.64% | 5.25% | 4.73% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
18,326 | 22,047 | 22,480 | 7.04% | 7.55% | 7.72% |
Asian alone (NH) | 14,208 | 23,208 | 27,281 | 5.46% | 7.95% | 9.37% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 2,335 | 5,776 | 9,844 | 0.90% | 1.98% | 3.38% |
Some Other Race alone (NH) | 583 | 562 | 1,922 | 0.22% | 0.19% | 0.66% |
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 13,383 | 20,050 | 31,273 | 5.14% | 6.87% | 10.74% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 14,799 | 22,061 | 26,438 | 5.69% | 7.56% | 9.08% |
Total | 260,283 | 291,826 | 291,247 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2010 census
According to the 2010 census, Anchorage had a population of 291,826 and its racial and ethnic composition was as follows:[62][63][64]
- White: 66.0% (62.6% non-Hispanic)
- Two or more races: 8.1%
- Asian: 8.1% (3.3% Filipino, 1.2% Korean, 1.1% Hmong, 0.41% Chinese, 0.35% Thai)
- Aleut)
- Black or African American: 5.6%
- Other race: 2.3%
- Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders: 2.0% (1.4% Samoan)
- Puerto Rican, 0.71% Dominican)
Racial composition | 2010[65] | 1990[66] | 1970[66] | 1950[66] |
---|---|---|---|---|
White | 66.0% | 80.7% | 87.2% | 97.2% |
—Non-Hispanic | 62.6% | 78.7% | n/a | n/a |
Black or African American | 5.6% | 6.4% | 5.9% | n/a |
Native American or Alaska Native | 7.9% | 6.4% | 1.8% | 1.2% |
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 7.6% | 4.1% | 2.4%[67] | n/a |
Asian | 8.1% | 4.8% | 1.0% | n/a |
According to the 2010 census, the largest national ancestry groups were as follows: 17.3%
According to the 2010 American Community Survey, approximately 82.3% of residents over the age of five spoke only English at home.
In 2010, there were 291,826 people, 107,332 households and 70,544 families residing in the municipality. The population density was 171.2 per square mile (66.1/km2). There were 113,032 housing units at an average density of 59.1 per square mile (22.8/km2). There were 107,332 households, out of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.3% were non-families. 24.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.19. The age distribution was 26.0% under 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% who were 65 or older. The median age was 32.9 years. 50.8% of the population was male and 49.2% were female.[71]
The median income for a household in the municipality was $73,004, and the median income for a family was $85,829. The per capita income for the municipality was $34,678. About 5.1% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line.[72][73] Of the city's population over the age of 25, 33.7% held a bachelor's degree or higher, and 92.1% had a high school diploma or equivalent.[68]
Languages
In 2010, 83.7% (220,304) of Anchorage residents aged five and older spoke only English at home, while 4.5% (11,769) spoke Spanish, 2.5% (6,654)
As of September 7, 2006[update], 94 languages were spoken by students in the Anchorage School District.[75]
Economy
Anchorage's largest economic sectors include transportation, military, municipal, state and federal government, tourism, corporate headquarters (including regional headquarters for
The
The
The existing port was substantially built in the late 1950s and is reaching the end of its useful life. Beginning in 2017, the Port of Anchorage is undertaking an extensive 7-year Anchorage Port Modernization Project[76] to upgrade its aging infrastructure, support larger deeper draft vessels, and future proof the port seismically and environmentally for another 75 years.
The United States military has two large installations,
While
The resource sector, mainly petroleum, is arguably Anchorage's most visible industry, with many high-rise buildings bearing the logos of large multinationals such as
Four small airlines, Alaska Central Express,[78] Era Aviation,[79] Hageland Aviation Services,[80] and PenAir, are headquartered in Anchorage.[81] Alaska Airlines (at one point headquartered in Anchorage, but now headquartered in the Seattle area), has major offices and facilities at TSAIA, including the offices of the Alaska Airlines Foundation.[82] Prior to their respective dissolutions, airlines MarkAir, Reeve Aleutian Airways and Wien Air Alaska were also headquartered in Anchorage.[83][84][85] The Reeve Building, at the corner of West Sixth Avenue and D Street, was spared the wrecking ball when the city block it sits on was cleared to make way for the Anchorage 5th Avenue Mall, and was incorporated into the mall's structure. In 2013, Forbes named Anchorage among its list of Best Places for Business and Careers.[86]
Five Alaska Native regional corporations are based in Anchorage: The Aleut Corporation, Bristol Bay Native Corporation, Calista Corporation, Chugach Alaska Corporation, and Cook Inlet Region, Inc.
Anchorage does not levy a
Arts
Located next to Town Square Park in downtown Anchorage, the
The
Annually in January, the Anchorage Folk Festival takes place at the University of Alaska Anchorage, featuring concerts, dances, and workshops with featured guest artists and over 130 performances by volunteer singers, dancers, musicians, and storytellers.
- Alaska Native Heritage Center[89]
- Alaska Museum of Natural History[90]
- Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum
- Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center[91]
- Oscar Anderson House Museum[92]
- Wells Fargo Alaska Heritage Library & Museum[93]
The city of Anchorage provides three municipal facilities large enough to hold major events such as concerts, trade shows and conventions. Downtown facilities include the
Sports
Team | Sport | League | Began | Folded | Venue (capacity) | Championships |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anchorage Bucs | Baseball | Alaska Baseball League | 1981 | Mulcahy Stadium (3500) | 0 | |
Anchorage Glacier Pilots | Baseball | Alaska Baseball League | 1969 | Mulcahy Stadium (3500) | 5 (1969, 1971, 1986, 1991, 2001) | |
Chugiak-Eagle River Chinooks | Baseball | Alaska Baseball League | Relocated from Fairbanks in 2010 | Loretta French Park (600) | 1 (2007) | |
Alaska Aces | Hockey |
ECHL | 1989 | 2017 | Sullivan Arena (6,290 (seated), 6,490 (with standing room)) | 3 (2006, 2011, 2014) |
Anchorage Wolverines | Hockey | North American Hockey League | 2021 | Ben Boeke Ice Arena | 0 | |
Anchorage Northern Knights | Basketball | Continental Basketball Association | 1977 | 1982 | West Anchorage High School Gymnasium | 1 (1980) |
National attention focuses on Anchorage on the first Saturday of each March, when the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race kicks off with its ceremonial start downtown on Fourth Avenue. Anchorage is also home to the Fur Rendezvous Open World Championship Sled Dog Races, a three-day dog sled sprint event consisting of three timed races of 25.5 mi (41.0 km) each. Held each February, the event is part of the annual Fur Rendezvous, a winter sports carnival.
Anchorage is home to three teams in the Alaska Baseball League. The Anchorage Bucs and Anchorage Glacier Pilots, which both play at Mulcahy Stadium, and the Chugiak-Eagle River Chinooks based at Lee Jordan Field in Chugiak.[94]
Anchorage has no professional sports teams. The most recent to call the city home was the
The University of Alaska Anchorage Seawolves are a member of the
Anchorage is the finish line for the Sadler's Ultra Challenge wheelchair race.
There are four rugby clubs, including the Bird Creek Barbarians RFC, Anchorage Thunderbirds,[96] Mat Valley Maulers RFC, and Spenard Green Dragons.[97] The season runs from April through September.
The
The city was the U.S. candidate for hosting the 1992 and 1994
Anchorage is also home to Alaska's first
The Anchorage Football Stadium is also a noteworthy sports venue.
The 1989 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships was played in Anchorage.
Parks and recreation
Parks, gardens, and wildlife refuges
- Alaska Native Heritage Center[102]
- The Alaska Botanical Garden has over 900 species of hardy perennials and 150 native plant species[103]
- Alaska Zoo[104]
- Alaska Wildlife Conservation Center[105]
- Anchorage Coastal Wildlife Refuge
- Delaney Park Strip
- Kincaid Park
- Point Woronzof Park
- Flattop Mountain Recreation Area
- Westchester Lagoon/Margaret Eagan Sullivan Park
Many of Anchorage's parklands are interconnected with green belts that follow the lakes and streams that form the natural watershed, creating water/parkland (blue/green) interfaces in the pluvial flood zones, which helps minimize the risk of floods damaging homes and businesses.[106]
Recreational facilities
- Arctic Valley Ski Area[107]
- Alyeska Resort[108]
- Hilltop Ski Area[109]
- Kincaid Park[110]
- Tony Knowles Coastal Trail
Points of interest
- Moose's Tooth Pub & Pizzeria, a pub and pizzeria ranked 3rd best in the United States[111]
- Anchorage Museum
Government and politics
Year | Office | Results |
---|---|---|
2010 | Senator
|
Murkowski 42–32% |
House
|
Young 65–34% | |
Governor | Parnell 57–41% | |
2012 | President | Romney 53–43% |
House | Young 61–32% | |
2014 | Senator | Begich 48–47% |
House | Young 47–46% | |
Governor | Walker 49–45% | |
2016 | President | Trump 47–42% |
Senator | Murkowski 45–25% | |
House | Young 48–40% | |
2018 | House
|
Galvin 51–49% |
Governor | Begich 48–48% | |
2020 | President | Biden 49–47% |
Senator | Sullivan 50–47% | |
House | Galvin 51–49% |
Anchorage is governed by an elected mayor and 11-member
In the 2017 municipal election, Christopher Constant and Felix Rivera became the first openly gay candidates elected to Anchorage public office.[112][113]
Anchorage generally leans toward
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 68,169 | 46.97% | 70,933 | 48.87% | 6,031 | 4.16% |
2016 | 61,066 | 46.97% | 53,953 | 41.50% | 14,999 | 11.54% |
2012 | 66,430 | 53.06% | 54,026 | 43.15% | 4,745 | 3.79% |
2008 | 76,959 | 56.91% | 55,221 | 40.84% | 3,040 | 2.25% |
2004 | 76,807 | 59.93% | 47,676 | 37.20% | 3,681 | 2.87% |
2000 | 67,959 | 57.15% | 34,726 | 29.20% | 16,235 | 13.65% |
1996 | 51,627 | 52.79% | 32,638 | 33.37% | 13,538 | 13.84% |
1992 | 45,253 | 41.38% | 32,889 | 30.07% | 31,227 | 28.55% |
1988 | 50,508 | 61.16% | 29,412 | 35.62% | 2,659 | 3.22% |
1984 | 60,987 | 68.70% | 25,158 | 28.34% | 2,627 | 2.96% |
1980 | 38,956 | 59.10% | 15,186 | 23.04% | 11,774 | 17.86% |
1976 | 31,884 | 61.46% | 17,136 | 33.03% | 2,857 | 5.51% |
1972 | 23,918 | 63.31% | 10,859 | 28.74% | 3,003 | 7.95% |
1968 | 13,833 | 45.10% | 13,005 | 42.40% | 3,831 | 12.49% |
1964 | 9,051 | 40.07% | 13,537 | 59.93% | 0 | 0.00% |
1960 | 11,119 | 53.71% | 9,581 | 46.29% | 0 | 0.00% |
Voting trends show that Downtown Anchorage votes Democratic in large margins, while Spenard, Turnagain/Inlet View, and University/Airport Heights are relatively moderate and swing in elections. The remaining Anchorage areas have traditionally trended Republican.[115] In 2018, Anchorage began conducting municipal elections by mail (as directed by the assembly in 2015) and had the highest voter turnout in the city's history.[116]
Anchorage-Eagle River sends 16 representatives (as of 2018[update], nine Republicans and seven Democrats) to the 40-member Alaska House of Representatives and eight senators (five Republicans and three Democrats) to the 20-member Senate. When seats from the neighboring Mat-Su Borough are added, more than half the Alaska state legislature comes from the Anchorage metropolitan area. This is often used as an argument for moving the state capital from Juneau to the Anchorage area.
Public safety
With a reported strength of 383 sworn officers, the
Violent crimes[nb 2] per 100,000 pop. |
Property crimes[nb 3] per 100,000 pop. | |
---|---|---|
Anchorage[121] | 837.7 | 3,518.0 |
Alaska[122] | 638.8 | 2,852.5 |
U.S. cities, pop. 100,000–249,999[123] |
519.6 | 3,846.8 |
U.S. cities, pop. 250,000–499,999[123] |
757.7 | 4,216.6 |
U.S. total[122] | 403.6 | 2,941.9 |
Source: FBI Uniform Crime Reports
|
In 2010, Anchorage reported 837.7
The Anchorage Community Survey, a public survey conducted in 2004–05 by the Justice Center at University of Alaska Anchorage, found that overall, Anchorage residents are fairly satisfied with the performance of the Anchorage Police Department.[125] Most survey respondents perceived the justice system to be "somewhat effective" or "very effective" at apprehending and prosecuting criminal suspects, bringing about just outcomes, and reducing crime.[126]
Education
Public education in all of Anchorage municipality, including
Anchorage has four higher-education facilities that offer bachelor's or master's degrees: the University of Alaska Anchorage,[129] Alaska Pacific University, Charter College,[130] and the Anchorage campus of Texas-based Wayland Baptist University. The University of Alaska Fairbanks also has a small Center for Distance Education downtown. Other continuing education facilities in Anchorage include the Grainger Leadership Institute, Nine Star Enterprises, CLE International, Nana Worksafe, and PackBear DBA Barr & Co.
Ninety percent of Anchorage's adults have high-school diplomas, 65 percent have attended one to three years of college, and 17 percent hold advanced degrees.[citation needed]
Anchorage has the most ethnically diverse schools in the United States, including the three most diverse high schools, the three most diverse middle schools, and the 19 most diverse elementary schools. Even the least diverse schools in Anchorage rank in the top 1% nationally.[131]
The Chugach School District operates neighborhood schools in Valdez–Cordova Census Area, Alaska, as well as the supplementary Voyage to Excellence Residential School in Anchorage; its board office is in Anchorage.[132] The Aleutian Region School District, which operates schools in areas of the Aleutian Islands, has its district administrative offices in Anchorage.[133]
Media
Anchorage's leading newspaper is the
There are many radio stations in Anchorage; see List of radio stations in Alaska for more information.
Health and utilities
Alaska Regional Hospital on DeBarr Road opened in 1958 as Anchorage Presbyterian Hospital, downtown at 825 L Street. This predecessor to Alaska Regional was a joint venture between local physicians and the
Electric power in the Anchorage area is provided by Chugach Electric Association, a nonprofit, member-owned cooperative founded in 1948. From 1932 to 2020, the Municipality of Anchorage operated its own electric utility, Municipal Light & Power (ML&P). Historically, ML&P served the older, more urbanized regions of the city, while Chugach served newer areas of town, suburbs, and rural areas. Chugach acquired ML&P in 2020, with the sale finalized in October.[138] Post-acquisition, the Chugach cooperative had over 92,000 members.[139]
Most homes have natural gas-fueled heat. ENSTAR Natural Gas Company is the sole provider for Anchorage, servicing some 90-percent of the city's population.
The Municipality of Anchorage owns and operates the Anchorage Water and Wastewater Utility, serving some 55,000 customer accounts with water from Eklutna Lake, which is mainly meltwater from Eklutna Glacier. Anchorage Municipal Solid Waste Services and Anchorage Refuse conduct trash removal in the city depending on location.
Transportation
Major highways
- AK-1 passing through downtown Anchorage
- AK-3 branching off from AK-1 in Gateway, 35 miles northeast of Anchorage city
Alaskans do not use numerical route designations in everyday discourse, preferring the named designations—in this case the Seward Highway (for AK-1 south of the city), the Glenn Highway (for AK-1 northeast of the city), and the Parks Highway (for AK-3).
Highway to Highway
On and off since the 1960s, the Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities, in coordination with the Federal Highway Administration and the Municipality of Anchorage (or the lineal predecessors of those entities), have been exploring the concept of a roadway connecting the endpoints of the Seward and Glenn highways. The project is called "Highway to Highway", and the most recent concept for this project is that of a "trenched" freeway through the heart of Anchorage.
Highway to Highway was included in the 2005 Long Range Transportation Plan, and would cost at least $575 million ($832 million in 2023 dollars).[27] – by far the largest urban infrastructure project in Alaska's history.
Public transit
Anchorage has a
Rail
The
Anchorage also is conducting a feasibility study on a
Air transport
The Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, 6 mi (9.7 km) south of downtown Anchorage, is the airline hub for the state, served by many national and international airlines, including Seattle-based Alaska Airlines as well as many intrastate airlines and charter air services. The airport is the primary international air freight gateway in the nation. By weight, five percent of the value of all United States international air cargo moved through Anchorage in 2008.[147] During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was briefly the busiest airport in the United States due to sustained volume of cargo flights through Alaska while passenger travel sharply decreased in other American airports.[148] Next to Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport is Lake Hood Seaplane Base, the largest Seaplane Base in the world. Merrill Field, a general aviation airport on the edge of downtown, was the 87th-busiest airport in the nation in 2010.[149] There are also ten smaller private (mostly Department of Transportation) general aviation airports within the city limits.[150]
- List of airports in the Municipality of Anchorage
Notable people
Sister cities
Anchorage has seven
- Chitose, Japan
- Darwin, Australia
- Harbin, China
- Incheon, South Korea
- Magadan, Russia
- Tromsø, Norway
- Whitby, United Kingdom
See also
- Anchorage Fire Department
- "Anchorage" by singer Michelle Shocked.
- List of aerospace museums
- List of tallest buildings in Anchorage
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Anchorage, Alaska
Notes
- ^ In an average winter, the first snow happens in mid-October and begins to thaw in mid-March, but snow can sometimes be present until the end of April. The high temperature would usually drop below freezing at the beginning of November. The average first frost happens during the first half of September and the average last frost happens during the second half of May. In March 2002, a record snow storm, 26.7 inches, hit Anchorage."Temperature Records for Anchorage Alaska" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 20, 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2012.
- ^ Includes of murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault.
- ^ Includes burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson.
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- ^ Anchorage Daily News Report, June 14, 2008 Archived December 1, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, Alaska—Air Freight Gateway Archived September 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
- ^ "In an upside-down world, Anchorage briefly had busiest U.S. airport". Anchorage Daily News. May 22, 2020. Archived from the original on May 31, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
- ^ Merrill Field Airport Organization Chart, 2012 Archived February 2, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
- ^ "Airports in Anchorage Alaska". Airnav.com. Archived from the original on January 30, 2012. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
- ^ "Anchorage Sister Cities". Municipality of Anchorage. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
Further reading
- Preston Jones. City For Empire: An Anchorage History, 1914–1941 (University of Alaska Press, 2010) 214 pages[ISBN missing]
External links
- Official website
- Anchorage Archived September 30, 2018, at the Alaska Division of Community and Regional Affairs
- Maps from the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development: 2010, municipality, 2010, municipality plus Anchorage/Chugiak/Eagle River insets
- Geographic data related to Anchorage, Alaska at OpenStreetMap
- Anchorage, Alaska at Curlie