Demographics of San Francisco
Demographics of San Francisco | |
---|---|
Population | 815,201 (2021 American Community Survey) |
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1848 | 1,000 | — |
1849 | 25,000 | +2400.0% |
1852 | 34,776 | +39.1% |
1860 | 56,802 | +63.3% |
1870 | 149,473 | +163.1% |
1880 | 233,959 | +56.5% |
1890 | 298,997 | +27.8% |
1900 | 342,782 | +14.6% |
1910 | 416,912 | +21.6% |
1920 | 506,676 | +21.5% |
1930 | 634,394 | +25.2% |
1940 | 634,536 | +0.0% |
1950 | 775,357 | +22.2% |
1960 | 740,316 | −4.5% |
1970 | 715,674 | −3.3% |
1980 | 678,974 | −5.1% |
1990 | 723,959 | +6.6% |
2000 | 776,733 | +7.3% |
2010 | 805,235 | +3.7% |
2020 | 873,965 | +8.5% |
2022 | 808,437 | −7.5% |
Sources:[1][2][3][4] Source: U.S. Decennial Census[5] |
The 2020 United States Census reported that
San Francisco is the traditional focal point of the
Race and ethnicity
As of the 2020 census, the racial makeup and population of San Francisco included:
According to the 2020 census, San Francisco has a
In 2010, residents of
After declining in the 1970s and 1980s, the
Native-born Californians form a relatively small percentage of the city's population: only 37.7% of its residents were born in California, while 25.2% were born in a different U.S. state. More than a third of San Francisco residents (34.2%) were born outside the United States.[11]
Historical estimates
Source: US Census and IPUMS USA[14] |
Source: 1842 San Francisco Census,[16] 1852 California Census,[17] US Census, and IPUMS USA[14] |
2019 United States Census Bureau American Community Survey estimates
|
|
|
According to 2019
The White population continues to remain the largest racial category in San Francisco and includes the 35.5% of Hispanics who self-identify as White. The remainder of Hispanics self-identify as Other Race (49.1%), Multiracial (10.7%), American Indian and Alaskan Native (0.8%), Black (1.6%), Asian (2.2%), and Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (0.2%).[18]
Asian Americans remain the largest minority group at either 34.9% (including
The Black population continues to decline and at 5.5% (including
If Hispanics are treated as a separate category from race, San Francisco's population was 39.8%
The largest ancestry group of Hispanics in San Francisco are of
Indigenous Americans
During the Spanish mission period, from the late 1700s to 1830, the indigenous people of the East Bay were enslaved, relocated and decimated by disease, leading to their disappearance.[22] The White Americans who came after the Spanish had an even more extreme policy of genocide towards Native Americans; dubbed a "war of extermination" by California governers, which saw the demise of the remaining indigenous inhabitants of the Bay Area, often by state-sponsored violence.[22][23]
European Americans
As of July 2019, European Americans in San Francisco are 45.2% of the population of San Francisco.[18] Non-Hispanic whites are 39.8% of the population.[18]
There is a French community in San Francisco.[24]
There is an Italian community in North Beach.[25]
There is an Irish community in San Francisco.[26]
Neighborhoods
The neighborhoods that have the highest percentage of non-Hispanic white residents are
The neighborhoods with the lowest percentage of non-Hispanic white residents are
Education
White students make up only 12.9% of San Francisco public school students, despite white people constituting 41.6% of the city's population. Although this discrepancy is explained somewhat by white residents being older on average than residents of other ethnic groups, the more important reason is that white students are disproportionately likely to be enrolled in private school. This is increasingly the case in higher levels of education, with only 8.9% of the public high school population being white.[28]
African Americans
Those who identify solely as African American made up 5.2% of the population in 2019.
Asian Americans
San Francisco is about 35% Asian, with 23% being Chinese. Chinatown, Richmond District and Sunset District have significant Chinese populations. Japanese communities are found in Japantown and Sunset District. Vietnamese community is concentrated in Chinatown, Tenderloin, Richmond, and Sunset. The Filipino community is concentrated in Crocker Amazon and Soma.
The Asian population of the San Francisco Bay Area has a very high rate of marriage with people of other races, with most interracial marriages involving White Americans. In some ethnic groups, such as American-born Chinese, the outmarriage rate is 80%.[30][31] The Japanese population of the South Bay is diverse, and many have mixed-race backgrounds due to the growing trend of inter-racial marriages. According to a study conducted by Japanese American Citizens League, between 2000 and 2009, the mixed race Japanese population in San Jose grew by 27.3%, while the mono-racial Japanese population declined.[32]
Hispanic and Latino Americans
Ancestries
Ancestry by origin[33] | Number | % |
---|---|---|
Afghan | 759 | |
Albanian | 108 |
Education, households, and income
Of all major cities in the United States, San Francisco has the second-highest percentage of residents with a college degree, behind only Seattle. Over 44% of adults within the city limits have a bachelor's or higher degree.[34] USA Today reported that Rob Pitingolo, a researcher who measured college graduates per square mile, found that San Francisco had the highest rate at 7,031 per square mile, or over 344,000 total graduates in the city's 46.7 square miles (121 km2).[35]
The Census reported that 780,971 people (97.0% of the population) lived in households, 18,902 (2.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 5,362 (0.7%) were institutionalized. There were 345,811 households, out of which 63,577 (18.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 109,437 (31.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 28,844 (8.3%) had a female householder with no spouse present, 12,748 (3.7%) had a male householder with no spouse present. There were 21,677 (6.3%)
According to the 2005 American Community Survey, San Francisco has the highest percentage of gay and lesbian individuals of any of the 50 largest U.S. cities, at 15.4%.[36] San Francisco also has the highest percentage of same-sex households of any American county, with the Bay Area having a higher concentration than any other metropolitan area.[37]
Income in 2011 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Per capita income[38] | $46,777 | ||||
Median household income[39] | $72,947 | ||||
Median family income[40] | $87,329 |
San Francisco ranks third of American cities in median household income[41] with a 2007 value of $65,519.[11] Median family income is $81,136,[11] and the San Francisco Bay Area ranks 8th in the number of billionaires known in the region.[42] Following a national trend, an emigration of middle-class families is contributing to widening income disparity[43] and has left the city with a lower proportion of children, 14.5%, than any other large American city.[44]
The city's
Homelessness
Languages and ages
As of 2020, 54.58% (411,728) of San Francisco residents aged five and older spoke only
The age distribution of the city was as follows: 107,524 people (13.4%) under the age of 18, 77,664 people (9.6%) aged 18 to 24, 301,802 people (37.5%) aged 25 to 44, 208,403 people (25.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 109,842 people (13.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.8 males.
Religion
According to a Pew Research study conducted in 2014, the religious demographics of San Francisco are as follows:[54]
- Christianity 48%
- Catholicism 25%
- Protestantism 20%
- Evangelical Protestantism 10%
- Mainline Protestantism 6%
- Historically Black Protestant4%
- Mormonism 1%
- Eastern Orthodoxy1%
- Other Christian 1%
- Irreligion 35%
- Others 15%
- Don't know 2%
Notes
- ^ 1880-1930: Born or with parent born in Middle East/Central Asia (including West Asia, North Africa, Caucuses, Central Asia). 1980-2020: Born or listing ancestry in Middle East/Central Asia.
- ^ Figures in parentheses from 1940 to 1970 are derived from linear interpolation of group's share of higher level group (e.g., "Non-Hispanic White alone") figure between 1930 and 1980.
- ^ 1880-1930: Born or with parent born in Spain or Spanish-Speaking Americas. 1980-2020: Born or listing ancestry in Spain or Spanish-Speaking Americas. "Not elsewhere classified" (above).
- ^ 1880-1930: Born or with parent born in Eastern Europe (including former Soviet bloc and Greece). 1980-2020: Born or listing ancestry in Eastern Europe. "Not elsewhere classified" (above).
- ^ 1880-1930: Born or with parent born in Portugal or Brazil. 1980-2020: Born or listing ancestry in Portugal or Brazil. "Not elsewhere classified" (above).
- ^ 1880-1930: Born or with parent born in Italy. 1980-2020: Born or listing ancestry in Italy. "Not elsewhere classified" (above).
- ^ Balance of overall "Non-Hispanic White alone" figure and 5 groups listed above; largely Northwest European Americans (British, Irish, German, etc.).
- ^ 1880-1930: Born or with parents born in Europe. 1980-2020: Born or listing ancestry in Europe. "Not elsewhere classified" (above).
- ^ 1880-1930: Born or with parents born in El Salvador. 1980-2020: Born or listing ancestry in El Salvador. "Not elsewhere classified" (above).
- ^ 1880-1930: Born or with parents born in Mexico, or the American Southwest before 1850. 1980-2020: Born or listing ancestry in Mexico. "Not elsewhere classified" (above).
- ^ Largely descended from enslaved Americans.
- ^ Those listing European and Asian ancestry in the first and second responses to the Census ancestry question. (Multiple responses to the Census race question were not allowed before 2000.)
- ^ Those listing European and African or African-American ancestry in the first and second responses to the Census ancestry question.
- ^ In 1850 or later.
- ^ Excluding in Nevada, Utah, Arizona, or New Mexico before 1850.
- ^ Excluding Texas before 1850.
- ^ Including California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas before 1850.
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- ^ Official 1850 census results were destroyed by fire. This 1852 figure is from a state Census. [1].
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The San Francisco Bay Area was a popular place to live for Native Americans. Natural resources from both water and land were abundant here. The area from Point Sur in the south to the Carquinez Strait in the north was one of the most densely populated places for Indigenous people north of Mexico, with roughly 10,000 inhabitants...But as colonizers came to California in the 1700s and 1800s, the native population was devastated. They were killed by newly introduced diseases, starvation and genocide. These killings were at times funded by the state of California and the U.S. government.
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In the San Francisco Bay Area, American-born Asians were more likely to marry outside their own ethnic group. In some ethnic groups, the interracial marriage rate was as high as 80 percent in 1990.19
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The University of Maryland and JACL report said the overall Japanese American population in the greater San Jose area increased by 3,588 persons, or 10.8 percent, between 2000 and 2009. The report further states that the mixed-heritage population increased by 1,555 persons (27.3 percent) while single-race Japanese Americans have declined ... The Nikkei population in the South Bay continues to grow, but as new demographics among Japanese Americans emerge, the growth does not appear to be clear-cut. Shin-Nikkei and mixed-race Japanese Americans are growing in number while the "traditional" single-race Japanese Americans are waning.
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