Dmitry Muratov
Dmitry Muratov | |
---|---|
Дмитрий Муратов | |
Russia) | |
Citizenship | Russia |
Education | Kuybyshev State University (BA) |
Occupations |
|
Years active | 1987–present |
Employer | Novaya Gazeta |
Political party | Yabloko |
Awards | Order of Friendship, Order of Honour, CPJ International Press Freedom Awards, Legion of Honour, Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, World Association of Newspapers' Golden Pen of Freedom Award, 2021 Nobel Peace Prize |
Website | novayagazeta |
Dmitry Andreyevich Muratov (Russian: Дмитрий Андреевич Муратов; born 29 October 1961) is a Russian journalist, television presenter and the former editor-in-chief of the Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta.[1] He was awarded the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize jointly with Maria Ressa for "their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace."[2]
Muratov co-founded the pro-democracy newspaper Novaya Gazeta in 1993 with several other journalists. He was the newspaper's editor-in-chief from 1995 to 2017, and again assumed the position in 2019. The newspaper is known for its reporting on sensitive topics such as governmental corruption, human rights violations,[3] electoral fraud, police violence, and other misuses of power.[4] As editor-in-chief he was a vocal advocate for an independent press[4] and published articles by Anna Politkovskaya that scrutinised the Putin administration. Muratov helped to create "the only truly critical newspaper with national influence in Russia today", according to the Committee to Protect Journalists.[5] During the Russian invasion of Ukraine; on 28 March 2022, the newspaper announced that it would suspend its online and print activities after it received a second warning from Roskomnadzor.[6]
On 1 September 2023, Muratov was declared by the Russian authorities to be a "foreign agent".[7]
Early life and education
Dmitry Muratov was born on 29 October 1961 into a Russian family in the city of Kuibyshev (officially known since 1991 by its original name, Samara).[8][9] He studied at the Faculty of Philology at Kuibyshev (now Samara) State University for five years, where he discovered his interest in journalism. While in college he made contact with local newspapers and held a part-time job in journalism.[10]
From 1983 to 1985, after graduating from university, he served in the Soviet Army as a communication equipment security specialist.[10][11]
Early career
In 1987, Muratov began working as a correspondent for Volzhsky Komsomolets newspaper. His superiors were so impressed that by the end of his first year he was appointed to head of the Komsomolskaya Pravda youth department, and later was promoted to editor of news articles.[12] Muratov left Komsomolskaya Pravda in 1992.[13]
Novaya Gazeta
In 1993, Muratov and 50+ other colleagues from Komsomolskaya Pravda left to start their own paper titled Novaya Gazeta. Their goal was to create a publication that was "an honest, independent, and rich"[14] source for the citizens of Russia. The newspaper’s mission is to conduct in-depth investigations into human rights issues, corruption and abuse of power. Novaya Gazeta's newsroom started out with two computers, two rooms, one printer and no salary for the employees. Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev donated some of his Nobel Peace Prize money to pay for salaries and computers for the paper. Muratov helped to create Novaya Gazeta, where he was named Deputy Press Editor.[15]
In December 1994 – January 1995, Muratov was a correspondent in the war zone of the First Chechen War.[10][11] In 1995, he became the head of the editorial board. He held this position for over 20 years, stepping down in 2017, citing the exhausting nature of running the paper.[16] In 2019, he returned to the position, after the paper’s staff voted for his return.[15][17]
Muratov often reported on sensitive topics including human rights violations, high-level government corruption, and abuse of power. His political beliefs, such as supporting freedom of press, has led to conflict with fellow journalists and the government.[5]
In 2004, the newspaper printed seven articles by columnist Georgy Rozhnov, which accused
After Novaya Gazeta published an investigation by journalist Denis Korotkov about Russian businessman Yevgeny Prigozhin,[20] in October 2018, Denis Korotkov and the editor-in-chief at Novaya Gazeta were the target of threatening deliveries of a severed ram's head and funeral flowers to the paper's offices. The style of the threat resembled others by Kremlin-linked Yevgeny Prigozhin.[21]
In 2016, the newspaper was involved in the publishing of the so-called Panama Papers, confidential documents from a Panama-based law firm that had assisted companies and individuals from around the world in hiding their wealth.[4]
His newspaper has been influential on shedding light of the turbulent situations in
The newspaper published the report by Elena Milashina and the list of 27 Chechens killed on 26 January 2017. The newspaper also addressed the report and the list to the Russian government's Investigative Committee of Russia, and asked the committee to investigate the data in the published list. While Novaya Gazeta listed the names of 27 Chechens killed, the newspaper suspected that real number might be even more, with up to 56 Chechens killed that night. The newspaper said that the dead Chechens were citizens of the Republic of Chechnya, who were detained by the governmental security service, put in custody inside a secure compound belonging to the traffic police regiment in the City of Grozny, and executed on 26 January by gunfire (several men brutally killed by asphyxiation)[23]) by state security forces without any legal proceedings.[24]
During Muratov's time at the Novaya Gazeta, six of its journalists had been killed.
After the
On 28 March 2022, the newspaper suspended its print activities after receiving a second warning from Roskomnadzor;[6] on 6 April 2022, a foreign version of the paper (Novaya Gazeta Europa) was launched from Riga in order to avoid censorship.[32]
In April 2022, the second largest Norwegian media group Amedia announced it was handing over its four printing houses in Russia worth some 4 million Euro to Muratov, as it was ceasing its business activities in Russia.[33] However, in the fall of 2023, five Prime Print printing houses, by decree of Vladimir Putin, were transferred first to the temporary management of the Federal Property Management Agency, and then to the Moscow authorities.[34]
In December 2022, Muratov said that while Russia can "destroy" Ukraine's infrastructure, "it will never be able to conquer it".
In March 2023,
Attack on train
On 7 April 2022, Muratov was attacked by an unknown person and covered with red paint mixed with acetone while on a train from Moscow to Samara, supposedly as an act of support for Russian troops;[40][41] According to U.S. intelligence agencies, the attack was organized by Russian intelligence services.[42]
Awards and honours
Muratov is a decorated journalist who has received numerous awards and honours for his contributions to his craft. He received the
Muratov was awarded the
During his acceptance speech, at a time when Russia began a major military build-up near the Russia–Ukraine border, Muratov warned that "In [the] heads of some crazy geopoliticians, a war between Russia and Ukraine is not something impossible any longer."[51]
In an interview with Meduza, Muratov commented that his Nobel Prize belongs to all journalists of Novaya Gazeta who were killed for conducting their investigations:[52]
It's not mine. I'm not the right beneficiary, there are real ones. It's just that the Nobel Peace Prize isn't awarded posthumously, it's awarded to living people. Obviously, they decided to award it to someone living, having in mind
Yury Shchekochikhin, Igor Domnikov, Anna Politkovskaya, Anastasia Baburova, Stanislav Markelov, and Natalya Estemirova.
On 22 March 2022, Muratov decided to sell his Nobel Peace Prize medal to an auction, donating the proceeds to UNICEF for the benefit of refugees from Ukraine.[53] The medal sold for US$103.5 million, the highest price ever recorded for a Nobel medal.[54][55]
Documentary
- 2023, The Price of Truth, by Patrick Forbes[56]
References
- ^ "Главным редактором 'Новой газеты' стал Сергей Кожеуров". Novaya Gazeta. 17 November 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
- ^ a b "The Nobel Peace Prize 2021". NobelPrize.org.
- ^ "Dmitry Muratov, Editor of Novaya Gazeta, Russia".
- ^ a b c "Dmitry Muratov". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g Lundstrom, Hedvig (3 June 2016). "Biography of 2016 Golden Pen of Freedom Laureate Dmitry Muratov". World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers.
- ^ a b "Russia's Novaya Gazeta newspaper pauses activities after official warning". Reuters. 28 March 2022.
- ^ "Russia Brands Nobel Winner Dmitry Muratov a 'Foreign Agent'". The Moscow Times. 1 September 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
- ^ "Dmitry Muratov". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ Bushuev, Mikhail (8 October 2021). "Who is Nobel Peace Prize laureate Dmitry Muratov?". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
- ^ a b c "Муратов, Дмитрий Главный редактор "Новой газеты"" [Muratov, Dmitry Editor-in-chief of Novaya Gazeta]. Lenta.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ a b "Novaya Gazeta editor-in-chief dmitry muratov. Dmitry Muratov: biography, journalistic activities". amorlatinoamericano.ru. 26 July 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
- ^ "Dmitry Muratov: biografija, novinarske aktivnosti".
- ^ Yablokov, Ilya (8 October 2021). "Nobel peace prize: how Dmitry Muratov built Russia's 'bravest' newspaper, Novaya Gazeta". The Conversation. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ "Dmitry Muratov, Editor of Novaya Gazeta, Russia".
- ^ a b "Главным редактором "Новой газеты" вновь избрали Дмитрия Муратова". РБК. 15 November 2019.
- ^ "After 22 Years, Novaya Gazeta Editor Dmitry Muratov Steps Down". 13 November 2017.
- ^ "Russian media veteran Dmitry Muratov returns to 'Novaya Gazeta' editor-in-chief post". Meduza.
- ^ a b Melnikov, Mikhail (17 October 2004). "III. Lawsuits against Journalists". Center for Journalism in Extreme Situations. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ a b Ames, Mark (22 July 2004). "Double Punk'd! Meta-Prank Goes Mega-Bad". The eXile. Archived from the original on 26 February 2008.
- ^ "Novaya Gazeta Report: 'Putin's Chef' Involved in Attacks, Killing". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 22 October 2018. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- ^ Six red carnations and one severed ram’s head: Deadly threats sent to Russian independent newspaper, Global Voices, 18 October 2018
- ^ Walker, Shaun (2 April 2017). "Chechen police 'have rounded up more than 100 suspected gay men'". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
- ^ Милашина, Елена (23 July 2019). "Подвал имени Кадырова" [Basement named after Kadyrov]. Новая Газета (in Russian). Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
- ^ "Союз журналистов Чечни опубликовал обращение к "Новой газете"" [The Union of Chechen Journalists has published an appeal to Novaya Gazeta]. Новая Газета (in Russian). 11 July 2017. Archived from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
- ^ "Russian opposition newspaper will arm its journalists". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 26 October 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ^ "Prominent Russians join protests against Ukraine war amid 1,800 arrests". The Guardian. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- ^ "Putin Signs Law Introducing Jail Terms for 'Fake News' on Army". Moscow Times. 4 March 2022. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022.
- ^ "Russia Blocks Facebook, Twitter; Moves Against "Fake" News About Ukraine War". www.occrp.org. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ "Russia fights back in information war with jail warning". Reuters. 4 March 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ "Russia outlaws spreading 'fake news' about the Russian military with fines and prison". Poynter. 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ Weir, Fred (5 December 2022). "In Russia, critiquing the Ukraine war could land you in prison". CSMonitor.com.
- ^ Shcherbakova, Irina (7 April 2022). "Novaya Gazeta Launches European Edition in Bid to Dodge Kremlin Censorship". The Moscow Times.
- ^ "Norwegian media group Amedia leaves Russia, hands over presses to Novaya Gazeta editor-in-chief". interfax.com.
- ^ "Путин передал властям Москвы пять типографий норвежского холдинга Amedia". forbes.ru (in Russian). 22 November 2023.
- ^ "'Russia will never be able to conquer Ukraine,' says Nobel laureate Dmitry Muratov". France 24. 14 December 2022.
- ^ a b "Dmitry Muratov: Nuclear warning from Russia's Nobel-winning journalist". BBC News. 30 March 2023.
- ^ "Moscow Research Institute 'Postpones' Meeting With Nobel Laureate Muratov Amid Protests By War Supporters". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 23 March 2023.
- ^ Vorobyov, Niko (24 March 2023). "Activists, everyday Russians and a soldier punished for war talk". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ^ "Russia's Memorial rights group co-chair on trial over Ukraine criticism". France 24. 8 June 2023.
- ^ Diaz, Jaclyn (7 April 2022). "Dmitry Muratov, a Nobel Peace Prize-winning journalist, was attacked in Russia". NPR. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
- ^ "Неизвестный напал на главреда "Новой газеты" и лауреата Нобелевской премии мира Дмитрия Муратова прямо в вагоне поезда" [An unknown person attacked Dmitry Muratov, editor-in-chief of Novaya Gazeta and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, right in the train carriage]. Instagram. Novaya Gazeta. 7 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
- ^ Barnes, Julian E. (29 April 2022). "Russian intelligence was behind an attack on the editor of Novaya Gazeta, a U.S. Official says". The New York Times.
- ^ "CPJ congratulates Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov for winning the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize". CPJ. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ "Watchdog". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty.
- ^ "The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Four Freedoms Awards 2020" (PDF).[permanent dead link]
- ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2021". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ a b Hopkins, Valerie (8 October 2021). "Nobel announcement draws mixed reactions from Russia, with frustration from Navalny supporters". The New York Times.
- ^ Yabloko, party. "Russian Democratic Party Yabloko –". Russian Democratic Party Yabloko.
- ^ "Kremlin welcomes fact that editor who criticises it won Nobel peace prize". Reuters. 8 October 2021.
- ^ Troianovski, Anton (8 October 2021). "Navalny Deserved Peace Prize, Russian Nobel Winner Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ "US believes Russia behind attack on Nobel laureate Dmitry Muratov". Al Jazeera. 29 April 2022.
- ^ ‘This prize belongs to my lost colleagues’ Novaya Gazeta editor-in-chief Dmitry Muratov on winning this year’s Nobel Peace Prize, interview of Muratov to Meduza
- ^ "Russian Nobel Peace Prize winner donates medal to fund for Ukrainian refugees". Reuters. 22 March 2022.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Nobel sold for Ukrainian kids shatters record at $103.5M". Politico. Associated Press. 20 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
External links
- Media related to Dmitry Muratov at Wikimedia Commons
- Dmitry Muratov on Nobelprize.org
- Dmitry Muratov on the Muck Rack journalist listing site
- "Putin vs. the Press". Frontline. Season 42. Episode 2. 26 September 2023. PBS. WGBH. Retrieved 20 September 2023.