Dumaguete
Dumaguete | |
---|---|
City of Dumaguete | |
Nickname: The City of Gentle People[1] | |
Location within the Philippines | |
Coordinates: 9°18′37″N 123°18′29″E / 9.31028°N 123.30806°E | |
Country | Philippines |
Region | Central Visayas |
Province | Negros Oriental |
District | 2nd district |
Cityhood | November 24, 1948 |
Barangays | 30
(see NPC) |
• City Council | Members |
• ZIP code | 6200 |
PSGC | |
IDD : area code | +63 (0)35 |
Native languages | Cebuano Magahat Tagalog |
Website | www |
Dumaguete, officially the City of Dumaguete (Tagalog: [dʊmɐˈgɛtɛ]; Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Dumaguete; Filipino: Lungsod ng Dumaguete), is a 2nd class component city and capital of the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 134,103 people.[4] It is the most populous city and the smallest city by land area in Negros Oriental.
Dumaguete is a
Dumaguete is bounded by the towns of Bacong, Sibulan, and Valencia. The power source of the city comes from the geothermal power plant in Valencia.
Etymology
"Dumaguete" was coined from the
History
Early history
Dumaguete City was once settled by
Spanish colonial era
After the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, the island of Negros was divided into the provinces of Negros Oriental and Negros Occidental by a royal decree executed by Governor General Valeriano Weyler on January 1, 1890. Dumaguete was also made the capital of the new Negros Oriental Province.
In 1898, months after the arrival of
American era
The American era saw the allegiance of the Republic of Negros grow towards a collaborationist stance as a Pro-American Protectorate amidst the Philippine-American War. The Americans saw the people of Negros as more dependable allies compared to other Filipinos. Therefore, Dumaguete observed the establishment of Silliman University, the first American-founded university in Asia.[10][11][12]
Japanese occupation era
Imperial Japanese forces landed at Dumaguete on May 26, 1942, after the fall of the Philippines, and all of Negros Oriental Province surrendered shortly thereafter. Resistance against the Japanese occupation continued by guerilla groups in the inner mountains, where many native residents had fled to. The local Negrense guerillas attacked the remaining Japanese officials and troops on August 6, 1945, and after their victory, they welcomed combined American and Filipino forces that formally liberated Negros Oriental.
Cityhood
The City of Dumaguete was formally created on July 15, 1948, under Philippine Congressional Republic Act No. 327, also known as the "Charter of the City of Dumaguete". This was later amended on June 21, 1969, by Republic Act No. 5797, which clarified and refined the powers and functions of the local government unit in the earlier act.
Martial law
According to journalist
Maslog recounts that Silliman University in Dumaguete was one of the last four universities in the Philippines to be allowed to reopen for classes, with Marcos himself complaining about instances where members of the political opposition such as Senators Jovito Salonga and Juan Liwag were invited to speak at the university.[13]
In the mid-1980s, the
Geography and environment
Dumaguete has a land area of 3,362 hectares (8,310 acres), situated on the plains of the southeastern coast of the large island of
As a coastal city, it is bounded on the east by the Bohol Sea and the Tañon Strait, serving as a natural border of the southeastern border of Negros Oriental. The city's topography is generally flat from two to six kilometers from the shoreline. It slopes gently upwards to the adjoining municipality of Valencia. The highest ground elevation is located at the boundary of the municipality of Valencia, about one hundred meters above mean sea level. About 93% of the land have slopes of less than 3%. The remaining areas have a 3% to 5% slope.
Climate
Dumaguete has a
Climate data for Dumaguete (1991-2020, extremes 1910–2021) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 33.7 (92.7) |
34.2 (93.6) |
34.2 (93.6) |
36.8 (98.2) |
36.2 (97.2) |
37.4 (99.3) |
36.6 (97.9) |
36.7 (98.1) |
37.0 (98.6) |
36.1 (97.0) |
34.7 (94.5) |
34.2 (93.6) |
37.4 (99.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.2 (84.6) |
29.4 (84.9) |
30.2 (86.4) |
31.2 (88.2) |
31.9 (89.4) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.5 (88.7) |
31.9 (89.4) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.2 (88.2) |
30.7 (87.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
30.9 (87.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.9 (80.4) |
26.9 (80.4) |
27.5 (81.5) |
28.3 (82.9) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.2 (82.8) |
28.1 (82.6) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.9 (82.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24.6 (76.3) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.7 (76.5) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.6 (76.3) |
25.1 (77.2) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.8 (76.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | 19.3 (66.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
19.6 (67.3) |
18.9 (66.0) |
20.7 (69.3) |
20.7 (69.3) |
19.8 (67.6) |
20.5 (68.9) |
18.0 (64.4) |
20.8 (69.4) |
20.4 (68.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 96.7 (3.81) |
73.7 (2.90) |
68.2 (2.69) |
49.1 (1.93) |
84.5 (3.33) |
144.0 (5.67) |
146.0 (5.75) |
104.6 (4.12) |
116.8 (4.60) |
158.6 (6.24) |
146.4 (5.76) |
134.0 (5.28) |
1,322.6 (52.08) |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 11 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 12 | 14 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 124 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
84 | 83 | 81 | 79 | 79 | 81 | 82 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 82 | 83 | 81 |
Source: |
Environment
Dumaguete has a rich and unique marine ecosystem that provides livelihoods to fishers[18] and supports tourism.[19] The coastal environment, which includes seagrass meadows, acts as efficient carbon sinks that mitigate the effects of climate change.[20] This ecosystem includes 36.15 hectares of seagrasses and 36.20 hectares of coral reef.[18] Dumaguete has four marine protected areas covering 104 hectares that host over 200 species of fish.[21][20]
In 2021, the fragile marine ecosystem was under threat from a proposed 174 ha (430-acre) reclamation project that was met with opposition from youth organizations, church groups, residents, and environmental scientists, including Philippine national scientist Angel Alcala.[22][21] Later that year, the city government halted the project.[23]
Barangays
Dumaguete is politically subdivided into 30
Most of the barangays are classified as urban. The eight poblacions comprise the city's downtown area and are assigned by numbers. The smallest barangay is Poblacion 4 with an area of only 5.11 hectares, while the largest is Banilad with 362.71 hectares.
PSGC | Barangay | Population | ±% p.a. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020[4] | 2010[24] | |||||
074610001 | Bagacay | 7.2% | 9,592 | 8,266 | 1.50% | |
074610002 | Bajumpandan | 5.9% | 7,880 | 4,500 | 5.76% | |
074610003 | Balugo | 3.1% | 4,110 | 2,980 | 3.27% | |
074610004 | Banilad | 7.2% | 9,664 | 8,286 | 1.55% | |
074610005 | Bantayan | 3.3% | 4,430 | 4,920 | −1.04% | |
074610006 | Batinguel | 7.4% | 9,965 | 8,148 | 2.03% | |
074610007 | Buñao | 2.0% | 2,723 | 2,727 | −0.01% | |
074610008 | Cadawinonan | 5.1% | 6,887 | 4,892 | 3.48% | |
074610009 | Calindagan | 5.0% | 6,709 | 8,056 | −1.81% | |
074610010 | Camanjac | 3.6% | 4,859 | 4,142 | 1.61% | |
074610011 | Candau-ay | 7.2% | 9,593 | 6,583 | 3.84% | |
074610012 | Cantil-e | 3.5% | 4,697 | 3,229 | 3.82% | |
074610013 | Daro | 4.6% | 6,164 | 6,373 | −0.33% | |
074610014 | Junob | 5.7% | 7,651 | 6,054 | 2.37% | |
074610015 | Looc | 3.0% | 4,063 | 4,058 | 0.01% | |
074610016 | Mangnao-Canal | 2.3% | 3,113 | 3,707 | −1.73% | |
074610017 | Motong | 1.8% | 2,429 | 2,137 | 1.29% | |
074610018 | Piapi | 3.6% | 4,842 | 6,149 | −2.36% | |
074610019 | Poblacion 1 (Tinago) | 1.6% | 2,141 | 2,170 | −0.13% | |
074610020 | Poblacion 2 | 0.8% | 1,055 | 1,305 | −2.10% | |
074610021 | Poblacion 3 | 0.1% | 193 | 150 | 2.55% | |
074610022 | Poblacion 4 | 0.2% | 225 | 218 | 0.32% | |
074610023 | Poblacion 5 | 0.1% | 142 | 132 | 0.73% | |
074610024 | Poblacion 6 | 0.2% | 255 | 325 | −2.40% | |
074610025 | Poblacion 7 | 0.1% | 175 | 202 | −1.42% | |
074610026 | Poblacion 8 | 1.2% | 1,569 | 2,363 | −4.01% | |
074610027 | Pulantubig | 2.2% | 2,994 | 3,266 | −0.87% | |
074610028 | Tabuctubig | 1.0% | 1,399 | 1,684 | −1.84% | |
074610029 | Taclobo | 7.1% | 9,458 | 9,691 | −0.24% | |
074610030 | Talay | 3.8% | 5,126 | 4,170 | 2.09% | |
Total | 134,103 | 120,883 | 1.04% |
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1903 | 14,894 | — |
1918 | 16,336 | +0.62% |
1939 | 22,236 | +1.48% |
1948 | 24,838 | +1.24% |
1960 | 35,282 | +2.97% |
1970 | 52,000 | +3.95% |
1975 | 52,765 | +0.29% |
1980 | 63,411 | +3.74% |
1990 | 80,262 | +2.39% |
1995 | 92,637 | +2.72% |
2000 | 102,265 | +2.14% |
2007 | 116,392 | +1.80% |
2010 | 120,883 | +1.39% |
2015 | 131,377 | +1.60% |
2020 | 134,103 | +0.40% |
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[25][24][26][27] |
As of the
The Philippine Retirement Authority, a government agency under the Department of Tourism, has named the city as the "Best Place to Retire in the Philippines for 2018".[29] Dumaguete is also listed fifth in Forbes Magazine's "7 Best Places to Retire Around the World".[30]
Economy
This article is missing information about key economic measures such as per capita income and employment, and economic sustainability markers.(October 2021) |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
The major sources of income in Dumaguete are tourism, the academe, retail, BPO, technology, and IT firms. There are a significant number of banking institutions including a branch of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas in Dumaguete. Shopping centers in Dumaguete include CityMall Dumaguete, Unitop Mall, Lee Super Plaza, and Robinsons Dumaguete. Business activities are concentrated in the downtown area.
With the completion of four lanes, the Metro Dumaguete Diversion Road helps decongest the traffic in the main thoroughfares of the central business district from the town of Sibulan down to Bacong. The new highway is expected to economically benefit the barangays of the city as new centers for economic growth.[38]
These growing industries have made Dumaguete the hub for shopping, education, financial, IT, commerce, lifestyle, and sports in the province of Negros Oriental.
Real estate and infrastructure
The real estate industry in the city includes several constructions such as condominiums, town centers, and massive horizontal housing projects. Shopping centers such as Marina Town Mall by Filinvest Group, Bayshores Dumaguete, and popular restaurants, bars, and dining strips along Flores Avenue have excellent views of Dumaguete Bay. Filinvest is set to develop the beach area for another residential complex in the coastal barangay of Mangnao through its Futura Shores Dumaguete cluster of condominiums project.
Business process outsourcing
Dumaguete's outsourcing industry has a range of businesses, such as call centers, publishing,
Tourism
Data from the Department of Tourism show that Dumaguete, the province's main gateway, and Negros Oriental are listed among the top ten most visited tourist destinations in the country.[43]
Historical landmarks
Rizal Boulevard is known for its hotels, coffee shops, fine dining restaurants, and bars that were mostly converted from sugar mansions and prominent ancestral houses. The boulevard extension to the north of the Port of Dumaguete is also being developed with new hotels, resorts, restaurants, and bars. The boulevard provides views of Dumaguete Bay and the neighboring islands of Cebu and Siquijor.
Rizal Boulevard also has a promenade where locals and visitors can relax, dine, and exercise. This area, known locally as Pantawan, extends from the Port of Dumaguete to the mouth of the Banica River. Food carts in the Pantawan area sell Filipino street food such as balut, tempura, kikiam, and fishballs. The reclaimed Pantawan People's Park is the city's newest park located at the southern end of Rizal Boulevard.
The St. Catherine of Alexandria Cathedral is known as the oldest stone church of Negros Island and the ecclesiastical seat of the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dumaguete. The detached Campanario, the belfry of the cathedral, is considered one of the oldest heritage landmarks of Dumaguete and Central Visayas. The Dumaguete Presidencia, formerly the city hall, was restored to its original design and is now the branch of the National Museum in Dumaguete. The cathedral, belfry, and museum are all located near Quezon Park, named after the first President of the Philippines, Manuel L. Quezon.
Silliman University's Anthropology Museum, located in the university's Hibbard Hall, contains archaeological artifacts excavated from throughout Negros and parts of Mindanao.[44]
Festivals
One of the city's important annual celebrations is the Sandurot Festival, which is held every September to commemorate Dumaguete's history. The celebration starts with the Paghimamat, a re-enactment of how people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds came to Dumaguete, bringing gifts of rich cultures. Pasigarbo follows, gracing the city streets with dancing to drumbeats and other instruments participated by different barangays and schools in Dumaguete. The street dancing ends at Quezon Park after which the participants prepare for the grand Pasundayag, a display of dances portraying different stories of the Dumaguete tradition.
Another important annual occasion in Dumaguete is the Buglasan Festival, also known locally as the "Festival of All Festivals", which is also held throughout the whole Negros Oriental province every October since 2002. The majority of activities are held in the Provincial Capitol and Ninoy Aquino Freedom Park with booths and local products either on display or for sale. It is also spread to other venues such as the Sidlakan Negros Village at Barangay Piapi and the city's Rizal Boulevard. Showdowns and street dancing are among the activities done in observance of the festival.
Healthcare
Dumaguete has four major
Transportation
Air
Sibulan Airport is the city's domestic airport located in the neighboring town of Sibulan in the north. It provides daily flights to and from Manila and Cebu City through Cebu Pacific, Cebgo and PAL Express while Cebgo is servicing both Mindanao important urban centers, thrice weekly flights to Davao City and Cagayan de Oro.[46] In March 2021, upgrade works were made to the Sibulan Airport which included pavement reconstruction, expansion of the terminal building, and expansion of CAAP administrative buildings.[47]
An airport to replace Sibulan Airport is being planned to be built in Bacong, a town bordering Dumaguete in the south. Construction is expected to cost ₱17 billion.[48][49]
Sea
Dumaguete, as a major port city, is a jump-off point for passengers travelling to other Visayas and Mindanao areas. Currently, the port is equipped with two modern port operations and passenger terminal facilities. It is also the headquarters site of Coast Guard Station Negros Oriental under the Philippine Coast Guard Central Visayas District. As a major point of the Philippine Western Nautical Highway System, there are daily ferry connections to
Alternatively, there are smaller ports north of the city where short and frequent ferry connections mostly to the Province of Cebu are available. Dumaguete is a port of call for travelers to
Land
The main form of public transport in Dumaguete is the motorized tricycle. The Dumaguete version of the motorized tricycle can fit up to six passengers.
For transport to destinations outside the city limit, there are
Road.Sports
Dumaguete has hosted numerous Asian, national, regional, and provincial sports events, such as the 4th Asian University Basketball Federation (AUBF) 2005, the 2013 Palarong Pambansa, 2012 Philippine National Games (POC-PSC), Philippine Volleyball League, National Frisbee Championship, Batang Pinoy Visayas, Dumaguete Dragon Boat Challenge, Unigames, CVIRAA, the Palarong NIR for short-lived Negros Island Region among others. The Don Mariano Perdices Memorial Coliseum hosted the 2010 Central Visayas Regional Athletic Meet and 2013 Palarong Pambansa that was located in Dumaguete. Its capacity was 25,000 people with a rubberized track oval, main lobby, dormitory, and hostel. Beside it is the Olympic-sized swimming pool known as the Lorenzo G. Teves Memorial Aqua Center. The Lamberto Macias Sports Complex is an indoor arena located near the coliseum which can accommodate around 6,000 people.[50]
Education
Dumaguete is a university city, also called the "center of learning in the South," due to the presence of well-known universities. Public elementary and high schools including Dumaguete Science High School, the regional science high school of Central Visayas, is governed by Dumaguete City Schools Division of DepEd.
- Silliman University (SU, 1901) is the dominant institution of higher learning in Dumaguete, providing the city with a university town atmosphere. It is the first Protestant university in the country and the first American university in Asia. The 610,000 square metres (6,600,000 sq ft) campus is adjacent to and intermixed with the city's downtown district.[52] Some of its buildings have likewise been recognized as landmarks, including the Silliman Hall, Hibbard Hall, Katipunan Hall, the Luce Auditorium, and the Silliman Main Library (considered one of the biggest libraries in the Philippines).[1][53][54][55] CHED designated the Center of Excellence for its Nursing, Teacher Education, Marine Science and Information Technology, and the Center of Development for its Anthropology, Biology, Accountancy, and Medical Technology programs.
- Foundation University (FU, 1949) is a private non-sectarian university with its Main Campus located at Miciano Road, offering tertiary education programs, while the North Campus along Locsin Street is the home of Foundation Preparatory Academy for its basic education programs.
- Negros Oriental State University (NORSU, 1907) is the province's only state university, with two main campuses in the city. The Main Campus 1 is beside the Provincial Capitol building, while the Main Campus 2 is located in barangay Bajumpandan. It is the first academic institution in the country to offer a BS in Geothermal Engineering. CHED designated the Center of Development for its Teacher Education program.
- St. Paul University Dumaguete (SPUD, 1904) is the first Saint Paul educational institution to be established in the Philippines by the Sisters of Saint Paul of Chartres (SPC) from France and the second oldest Catholic university in the Central Visayas. It is recognized by CHED as a fully autonomous Higher Education Institution (HEI).
- Colegio de Santa Catalina de Alejandria (COSCA, 1959) run by Catholic Diocesan clergy is located beside the Dumaguete Cathedral Church. Formerly known as Dumaguete Cathedral College, it offers pre-school to college programs. Its flagship courses are Commerce/Business Administration, Criminology, and Radiologic Technology.
- Metro Dumaguete College (MDC, 2002) is an academic institution with a campus in Barangay Daro, offering a Senior High School program, laddered TESDAaccredited Technical Vocational programs, and other 4-year college courses.
Notable people
Sister cities
Dumaguete has the following
Local
International
- North Chungcheong, Republic of Korea
- Alameda of California, United States
Gallery
-
Silliman Avenue near the "Gate of Knowledge" of Silliman University
-
Dumaguete Belfry with grotto
-
Dumaguete City Hall
-
Provincial Capitol of Negros Oriental
-
Dumaguete Public Market
-
The old "I Love Dumaguete" Sign previously situated at Rizal Boulevard
-
The popular "#DumaGetMe" Signage landmark located at Rizal Boulevard
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- ^ Philippine Travel Center: Negros Oriental. Accessed September 1, 2009.
- ^ Negros Chronicle. Where to go in Negros Oriental Archived May 27, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Accessed September 1, 2009.
- ^ WOWPhilippines: Things to do and see in Negros Oriental. Accessed September 1, 2009.
External links
- Official Website of the City of Dumaguete
- Philippine Standard Geographic Code
- Philippine Statistics Authority
- New International Encyclopedia. 1905. .