Marinduque

Coordinates: 13°24′N 121°58′E / 13.4°N 121.97°E / 13.4; 121.97
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the Philippine province. For other uses, see Marinduque (disambiguation).

Marinduque
Mogpog
  • Marinduque Island viewed from a passenger ship in Tayabas Bay
  • a street in Boac
    • PDP–Laban)
     • LegislatureMarinduque Provincial Board
    Area
    [1]
     • Total952.58 km2 (367.79 sq mi)
     • Rank76th out of 81
    Highest elevation
    (Mount Malindig)
    		1,157 m (3,796 ft)
    Population
     (2020 census)[2]
     • Total239,207
     • Rank69th out of 81
     • Density250/km2 (650/sq mi)
      • Rank37th out of 81
    Demonym(s)Marinduquehin, Marinduqueño/a, Marindukanon
    Divisions
     • Independent cities0
     • Component cities0
     • Municipalities
    6
     • 
    ZIP code
    4900–4905
    IDD : area code +63 (0)42
    ISO 3166 codePH-MAD
    Spoken languages
    Websitewww.marinduque.gov.ph

    Marinduque (

    Mindoro Island; and north of the island province of Romblon. Some parts of the Verde Island Passage
    , the center of the center of world's marine biodiversity and a protected marine area, are also within Marinduque's provincial waters.

    The province of Marinduque was ranked number 1 by the

    Moriones celebrated annually every Holy Week
    .

    Etymology

    The most accepted theory of the etymology of the province's name is a Hispanized corruption of either malindig or malindug, which means "stand tall" or "elegant", in reference to a potentially active volcano in the southern section of the island, the Mount Malindig.[3]

    In 1676, Domingo Navarette wrote in Tratados historicos..., "The island which the people from there call Minolo is named Mindoro by the Spaniards, and that of Malindic we call Marinduque." (trans. by E.H. Blaire and J.A. Robertson)[4]

    History

    Middle ages

    The island was called Malindig in Tagalog and Malindog in Visayan languages. It was likely a constituent of the Kingdom of Luzon, due to the immediate Spanish claims to the island after the fall of Manila in May 1570.

    It is possible that there were nobility who ruled Malindig since there are principalia or princely figures in Marinduque during Spanish rule.

    Spanish rule

    From the Visayan name Malindog, Marinduque became the name of the island in Castilian.

    In 1571,

    Miguel López de Legaspi had entrusted (encomienda) Marinduque to Fr. Pedro de Herrera, the first Augustinian
    priest who introduced Christianity to Marinduqueños.

    Marinduque was part of the province of Balayan (now Batangas) in the 16th century, and of Mindoro from the 17th to 19th century.

    Antoine-Alfred Marche, a French naturalist, carried out an archaeological investigation in Marinduque from April to July 1881. An abundant yield of urns, vases, gold ornaments, skulls, and other ornaments were found. He brought these to France in 40 crates. Part of it is said to be housed at the Musée de l'Homme ("museum of man") in France. The finds also included an image of wooden polytheistic religious statues (anito) which at the time were already called pastores by Marinduqueños.

    One of the artifacts found by Marche also found its way to the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. (Catalogue No. A127996-0, Department of Anthropology, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution). Fragile jarlets that were found were said to have travelled from China to Marinduque. Buried in a cave for centuries and excavated in the late 19th century, these were brought to Paris and one was then brought at the Smithsonian Institution museum.

    First Philippine Republic

    Marinduque, governed through the province of Mindoro, was a constituent of the first Philippine Republic from January 1899 to April 1901 under Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo.

    During the

    concentration camps.[5] In the Battle of Pulang Lupa, under the direction of Colonel Maximo Abad
    , 250 Filipino soldiers defeated 54 American infantrymen.

    American rule

    Col. Abad after capturing the Americans later surrendered on 15 April 1901, upon orders from Pres. Aguinaldo and due to the capture of Gov. Martin Lardizabal and two other officials who were held hostage by the Americans in Fort Santiago.[6]: 535 

    On 23 June 1902, by virtue of Act No. 423, the US-Philippine Commission annexed the islands of

    Tayabas
    (now Quezon) by virtue of an Act No. 499.

    On 21 February 1920, Act No. 2280 was passed by the

    Philippine Congress, reestablishing Marinduque as a separate province.[7]

    According to

    Henry Otley Beyer, an American anthropologist, while many other accidental discoveries and finds have been recorded from time to time and European and Filipino scientists had casually explored a few burial caves and sites, no systematic work had been done anywhere else prior to these explorations. After Marche, the next important archaeological work was undertaken by Dr. Carl Gunthe in the Visayas Island Group
    in 1922.

    Commonwealth of the Philippines

    In November 1935, Marinduque became a province of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under Pres. Manuel Quezon. The

    Philippine Commonwealth Army
    was stationed in the province; the general headquarters was active from 1935 to 1942.

    Japanese occupation

    In 1942, during the

    Japanese Imperial forces landed in Marinduque.[further explanation needed
    ]

    Second Philippine Republic

    In October 1943, Marinduque became a province of the Second Philippine Republic under Pres. Jose Laurel. The sovereign, however, was the Japanese emperor.

    In 1945, combined American and Filipino troops liberated the province from Japanese forces, returning the province to the Commonwealth of the Philippines under Pres. Sergio Osmeña. In addition to the return of the

    Philippine Commonwealth Army, the Philippine Constabulary
    was also stationed in the province. These were active from 1945 to 1946.

    Third Philippine Republic to present

    Archaeological findings that help inform Marinduque's history are exhibited at the Marinduque Museum in Poblacion at Boac and in foreign museums. The artifacts are to be analysed to aid the historiography of the island and the province.

    Geography

    Northern section
    Southern section

    Marinduque is considered as the geographical center of the Philippine archipelago by the

    Mindoro Island
    .

    Some of the smaller islands to the northeast are Polo Island, Maniwaya Island, and Mompong Island. Southwest portion includes the Tres Reyes Islands and Elephant Island.

    The highest peak in Marinduque is

    above sea level
    , located at the southern tip of the island.

    Cave Systems

    Various cave systems occupy the province, including:

    • Bathala Cave located near Barangay Ipil in Sta. Cruz town;
    • Tarug Caves located at Barangay Tarug, in the town of Mogpog, a three-chambered caves of limestone formation. It rises steeply to 270 feet above the ground and is located 331 ft above sea level. Pinnacle is barely 3 square meters.
    • Bagumbungan Cave, a cave system in San Isidro and Punong with complex subterranean river[9][10]
    • Talao Caves, a 12 series of caves overlooking the western part of the island.

    Climate

    Marinduque has a Type III climate, having rainfall more or less evenly distributed throughout the year with no clear boundary between dry and wet seasons. The annual mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures were calculated at 27.0 °C (80.6 °F), 32.9 °C (91.2 °F) and 22.3 °C (72.1 °F) respectively. Humidity average is 78% year-round with an average annual rainfall totaling 2,034.6 mm (80.1 inches).[11]

    Administrative divisions

    Marinduque comprises 6

    double legislative districts encompasses all towns.[8]

    Political map of Marinduque
    Municipality [i] Population ±% p.a. Area[8] Density (2020) Barangay
    (2020)[2] (2015)[12] km2 sq mi /km2 /sq mi
    13°26′54″N 121°50′30″E / 13.4483°N 121.8418°E / 13.4483; 121.8418 (Boac) Boac † 23.9% 57,283 54,730 +0.87% 212.70 82.12 270 700 61
    13°15′17″N 121°56′37″E / 13.2547°N 121.9436°E / 13.2547; 121.9436 (Buenavista) Buenavista 10.9% 26,043 23,988 +1.58% 81.25 31.37 320 830 15
    13°19′24″N 121°50′45″E / 13.3233°N 121.8459°E / 13.3233; 121.8459 (Gasan) Gasan 15.1% 36,197 34,828 +0.74% 100.88 38.95 360 930 25
    13°28′35″N 121°51′46″E / 13.4764°N 121.8629°E / 13.4764; 121.8629 (Mogpog)
    Mogpog
    		 14.4% 34,516 34,043 +0.26% 108.06 41.72 320 830 37
    13°28′24″N 122°01′42″E / 13.4734°N 122.0284°E / 13.4734; 122.0284 (Santa Cruz) Santa Cruz 22.9% 54,692 56,408 −0.59% 270.77 104.54 200 520 55
    13°19′10″N 122°05′10″E / 13.3194°N 122.0862°E / 13.3194; 122.0862 (Torrijos) Torrijos 12.7% 30,476 30,524 −0.03% 178.92 69.08 170 440 25
    Total 239,207 234,521 +0.38% 952.58 367.79 250 650 218
     †  Provincial capital   Municipality
    1. town center
      .
    Boac
    The capital of the province. The most populous town in the province Boac remains the center of industry, culture, economy, and education. Most government and private offices are in the municipality of Boac. It also borders all five municipalities. Mogpog to the North, Santa Cruz to the Northeast, Torrijos to the East, Buenavista to the South, and Gasan to the Southwest. Boac is named after the Tagalog word, biak, which means divided, due to the Boac River dividing the town in the geographic north and south.
    Gasan
    The Cultural Nerve Center of the province. Dubbed as one of the cleanest and greenest municipalities in the Philippines, Gasan's land area covers a forest reserve in the eastern part. It is also the gateway to the island of Mindoro. Handicrafts and the famous Kalutang boasts from the town of Gasan. It was named after gasang-gasang, a local term for
    corals
    found in the municipality.
    Buenavista
    The smallest of the six municipalities. It was once part of the municipality of Gasan known as Sabang. It was named such because of the "good view" of the Tablas Strait and offshore islands.
    Torrijos
    Named after three purported origins; 1) from Gen. Torrijos, 2) from torrillos, referring to the cows which pastured in its vast plains, and 3) from torre y hijos, referring to the watchtower men guarding the parish. Torrijos is deemed to be the summer capital of the Province and known for locally-grown strawberries.
    Santa Cruz
    The largest of all the six municipalities in terms of land area and the second most populous town after Boac . It is considered as a secondary municipality after Boac (since it is the capital). Together with Boac, it is also a first-class municipality with established industries and commercial routines.
    Mogpog
    The Primary Gateway of the Province through the Balanacan Port. It is the original home of the Moriones Lenten Rites and Kangga Festiva. Mogpog was named after the Tagalog word, mag-aapog or kiln makers abundant in the municipality.

    Demographics

    Population census of Marinduque
    YearPop.±% p.a.
    1903 51,674—    
    1918 56,868+0.64%
    1939 81,768+1.74%
    1948 85,828+0.54%
    1960 114,586+2.44%
    YearPop.±% p.a.
    1970 144,109+2.32%
    1975 162,804+2.48%
    1980 173,715+1.31%
    1990 185,524+0.66%
    1995 199,910+1.41%
    YearPop.±% p.a.
    2000 217,392+1.81%
    2007 229,636+0.76%
    2010 227,828−0.29%
    2015 234,521+0.55%
    2020 239,207+0.39%
    Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[12][13][14][15]

    The population of Marinduque in the 2020 census was 239,207 people,[2] with a density of 250 inhabitants per square kilometre or 650 inhabitants per square mile, hence, it is the most densely populated province in the Mimaropa Region.

    Religion

    Marinduque is resided by various religious groups, with

    Anitists
    , animists, and atheists are also present in the province.

    Language

    The version of Tagalog spoken in Marinduque, known as the Marinduque Tagalog, has been described as "the root from which modern national forms of speech have sprung," where remnants of archaic Tagalog could be found, spoken in a lilting manner by its inhabitants. If this linguistic theory is accurate, Marinduque's Tagalog has contributed significantly to the development of the official Philippine national language.[16][improper synthesis?]

    To this day, Marinduqueños speak an old variation of the Tagalog language that is very close to the way Tagalog was spoken before the Spanish colonization. According to language experts [

    better source needed
    ] Many educated Marinduqueños speak version of Tagalog during Spanish colonial era and with English terms, closer to modern Filipino or standard Tagalog, because of mass media and modern versions of Tagalog Bible, and retaining Visayan and Bikol influence.

    Linguist Rosa Soberano's 1980 The Dialects of Marinduque Tagalog goes into great depth concerning the dialects spoken there. The following is a verb chart which outlines the conjugation of the Eastern Marinduque dialect of Tagalog:

    Infinitive Contemplative
    (future actions)     		Progressive
    (past and present actions)     		Completed
    (past actions)     		Imperative
    Actor Focus 1 -um-

    (gumawa) (future actions)

    		má-

    (mágawâ)

    		ná-

    (nágawâ)

    		-um-

    (gumawa)

    		0

    (gawa)

    Actor Focus 2 mag-

    (magbigay)

    		(ma)ga-

    ([ma]gabigay)

    		naga-

    (nagabigay)

    		nag-

    (nagbigay)

    		pag-

    (pagbigay)

    Object Focus 1 -in

    (kainin)

    		a-

    (akainin)

    		ina-

    (inakain)

    		-in-

    (kinain)

    		-a

    (kaina)

    Object Focus 2 i-

    (isulat)

    		a-

    (asulat)

    		ina-

    (inasulat)

    		i- -in-

    (isinulat)

    		-an

    (sulatan)

    Object Focus 3 -an

    (tawagan) (future actions)

    		a-...-an

    (atawagan)

    		ina- ... -an

    (inatawagan)

    		-in- ... -an

    (tinawagan)

    		-i

    (tawagi)

    Linguist Christopher Sundita observed that some of the affixes in Marinduque Tagalog, particularly "a-" and "ina-," are affixes used in Asi (Bantoanon), a Visaya language spoken in Romblon, just south of Marinduque. Marinduque Tagalog, like the Tagalog spoken over two centuries ago, had an additional verb category, the imperative, which was used for commands and requests (e.g., Matulog ka na - Go to sleep). Even then, the imperative and the infinitive were used side by side in expressing commands; but in standard Tagalog, apparently the infinitive became used exclusively. And in the Eastern Marinduque dialect, the imperative affixes are very much alive.[18]

    Economy

    Poverty Incidence of Marinduque
    Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[19][20]
    [21][22][23][24][25]

    Marinduque is an agricultural province, primarily growing rice and coconuts. Handicrafts from Marinduque are also exported to dıfferent parts of the world, and fishing is another important part of the economy. Mining was once an important player in the economy until a mining accident (the

    Marcopper Mining Disaster) occurred, bringing the industry to a standstill on the island and causing enormous damage to the inhabitants. The provincial government has just recently[when?] sued Marcopper's parent company, Placer Dome, for $100 million in damages. Placer Dome was purchased in 2006 by Barrick Gold
    , who has now been joined in the lawsuit.

    A significant role in Marinduque's economy is also played by tourism, especially during the Lenten season. While this is not one of the larger parts of the island's economy, it has shown great growth. Recently,[when?] some residents are now engaged in butterfly farming. Butterflies are raised for export to countries in both Europe and the Americas. Locally, live butterflies are released in celebration on different occasions, such as birthdays, weddings, and some corporate events.

    Culture

    Festivals

    The Moriones Festival is an annual festival, locally known as "Moryonan", celebrated in Marinduque from March to April. In

    Longinus, a blind soldier, punctures Jesus with his spear and blood droplets from the wound restores Longinus's sight.[citation needed
    ]

    Music

    Marinduque is home to the kalutang, a musical instrument made of two pieces of wood that produce different note ranges depending on its size. A band of 10 to 12 can create music with this instrument.[26] In 2011, the kalutang instrument was cited by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts as one of the intangible cultural heritage of the Philippines under the traditional craftsmanship category that the government may nominate in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.[27]

    Government

    Marinduque has had its own Governor running a sub-government under Tayabas (now Quezon) in 1902 and as a provincial government after gaining its independence from Tayabas in 1920. The Governor is assisted by the Vice Governor, who presides over the Marinduque Provincial Board.

    Transport

    Marinduque is served by direct

    Lucena in Quezon province. There is also a daily boat trip from General Luna in Quezon
    province to Santa Cruz and vice versa which stops at Maniwaya Island to drop off cargo and passengers.

    Media

    There are four radio stations in the province, three of which are operated by the

    the web and social media. In 2018, Marinduque News Network ventured with Lucky Seven Cable Services Corporation, a cable provider in Marinduque to showcase their programs through local cable television. The online news website which was founded by Romeo Mataac, Jr. in 2016 is located in Boac, Marinduque.[28]

    There are also existing cable providers and local cable stations operating in several municipalities in the province, namely Lucky Seven Cable Services Corporation (Boac), Marinduque Cable Television, Inc. (Boac), and G.R. CATV Services (Santa Cruz & Torrijos). Aside from these cable stations, there are also distributors of direct-to-home (DTH) satellite TV such as

    Cignal Digital TV, Dream Satellite TV, G Sat, and Sky Direct
    who provide television services for its subscribers.

    Education

    Tertiary

    • Buyabod School of Arts and Trades (BSAT) — Buyabod, Santa Cruz
    • Educational Systems Technological Institute (ESTI) — Murallon, Boac
    • Lighthouse Maritime Schools, Inc. (LMSI) — Boac
    • Malindig Institute (MI) — Lapu-Lapu, Santa Cruz
    • Marinduque Midwest College (MMC) — Dili, Gasan
    • Marinduque State University (MSU) — College of Agriculture in Poctoy, Torrijos
    • Marinduque State University (MSU) — College of Fisheries in Banuyo, Gasan
    • Marinduque State University (MSU) — Main College Campus in Tanza, Boac
    • Marinduque State University (MSU) — Marinduque Community University in Matalaba, Santa Cruz
    • Marinduque State University (MSU) — Santa Cruz Annex, Santa Cruz
    • Marinduque Victorian University (MVU) — Buenavista
    • Saint Mary's College of Boac (SMCB) — Isok, Boac
    • Santa Cruz Institute (SCI) — Banahaw, Santa Cruz
    • Torrijos Poblacion School of Arts and Trades (TPSAT) — Poctoy, Torrijos

    References

    1. ^ "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Archived from the original on January 11, 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2013.
    2. ^ a b c Census of Population (2020). Table B - Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City, and Municipality - By Region. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
    3. ^ Lopez, Cecilio; Constantino, Ernesto (1977). Selected writings of Cecilio Lopez in Philippine linguistics. Archives of Philippine Languages and Dialects, University of the Philippines. p. 4.
    4. ^ Blair, Emma (1906). The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 Vol. 38. Arthur H. Clark Company. p. 72.
    5. ^ Birtle, p. 272
    6. ^ Foreman, J., 1906, The Philippine Islands, A Political, Geographical, Ethnographical, Social and Commercial History of the Philippine Archipelago, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
    7. ^ "History, Culture and Tradition". Province of Marinduque. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
    8. ^ a b c "Province: Marinduque". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
    9. ^ Solobackpacker, Thepinay (May 28, 2019). "BAGUMBUNGAN CAVE: TRAVEL GUIDE (Budget + Itinerary)". The Pinay Solo Backpacker Itinerary Blog. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
    10. ^ Jeric. "...: Bagumbungan Cave | Marinduque's Newest Attraction". ... Retrieved December 15, 2020.
    11. ISBN 0-7812-4908-2.http://www.namria.gov.ph
    12. ^ a b Census of Population (2015). Highlights of the Philippine Population 2015 Census of Population. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
    13. ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities (PDF). National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
    14. ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region IV-B (Mimaropa)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
    15. ^ "Fact Sheet; Region IV-B; Mimaropa' 2007 Census of Population" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority - Region IV-B. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
    16. ^ "My Marinduque | Travel Blog".
    17. ^ "Salita Blog: Tagalog verbs". March 30, 2007.
    18. ^ "Home". salitablog.blogspot.com.
    19. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
    20. ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
    21. ^ "2009 Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. February 8, 2011.
    22. ^ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
    23. ^ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
    24. ^ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
    25. ^ "Updated Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2015 and 2018". Philippine Statistics Authority. June 4, 2020.
    26. ^ Pasaylo, Jun (April 15, 2012). "Unveiling other treasures of Marinduque". The Philippine Star. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
    27. ^ "ICHCAP | e-Knowledge Center".
    28. ^ "About Us". Marinduque News Network. Retrieved March 6, 2016.

    External links

    Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

    Download coordinates as:

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