French colonial architecture

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Indochina
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French colonial architecture includes several styles of architecture used by the French during colonization. Many former French colonies, especially those in Southeast Asia, have previously been reluctant to promote their colonial architecture as an asset for tourism; however, in recent times, the new generation of local authorities has somewhat "embraced" the architecture and has begun to advertise it.[1] French Colonial architecture has a long history, beginning in North America in 1604 and being most active in the Western Hemisphere (Caribbean, Guiana, Canada, Louisiana) until the 19th century, when the French turned their attention more to Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.[2]

In Canada

French doors. French Colonial homes in the American South commonly had stuccoed exterior walls.[3]

In the United States

French Colonial was one of four domestic architectural styles that developed during the colonial period in what would become the

plantation house.[5]

In Asia

A bistro in central Hanoi with Art Nouveau and colonial designs

French colonisation of three countries in mainland Southeast Asia—Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, known as Indochina in the 19th and 20th centuries, left a lasting architectural legacy. Most French colonial buildings, now mostly transformed for public use, are located in large urban areas, namely Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), and Phnom Penh (Cambodia).

There are also some colonial buildings were built in China due to French concessions and other interests in the country during 19th and 20th centuries.

Vietnam

Various colonial buildings and constructions have become popular tourist destinations. Major landmarks that have become icons of cities including Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City include:

Cambodia

  • Phnom Penh Post Office
    Phnom Penh Post Office
  • Phnom Penh Royal Railway Station
    Phnom Penh Royal Railway Station
  • Raffles Hotel Le Royal
    Raffles Hotel Le Royal
  • Phnom Penh UNESCO office
    Phnom Penh UNESCO office
  • Railway station in Battambang
    Railway station in
    Battambang
  • Building in Kampot
    Building in
    Kampot

Laos

China

  • Banque de l'Indochine Building, Beijing
    Banque de l'Indochine Building, Beijing
  • French Municipal Administration Council Building in Tianjin
    French Municipal Administration Council Building in Tianjin
  • Banque de l'Indochine Building, Tianjin
    Banque de l'Indochine Building, Tianjin
  • Banque de l'Indochine Building, Shanghai
    Banque de l'Indochine Building, Shanghai
  • Saint Joseph's church in Shanghai
    Saint Joseph's church in Shanghai
  • An apartment at No.142 West Jianguo Road, Shanghai
    An apartment at No.142 West Jianguo Road, Shanghai
  • Our Lady of Lourdes Chapel, Shamian Island, Guangzhou
    Our Lady of Lourdes Chapel, Shamian Island, Guangzhou
  • Banque de l'Indochine Building in Shamian Island, Guangzhou
    Banque de l'Indochine Building in Shamian Island, Guangzhou
  • Former French Commissioner Residence in Zhanjiang
    Former French Commissioner Residence in Zhanjiang
  • Former French Army Commandantura in Zhanjiang
    Former French Army Commandantura in Zhanjiang
  • Our Lady of Victory Cathedral in Zhanjiang
    Our Lady of Victory Cathedral in Zhanjiang

In Africa

North Africa

19th and early 20th-century French colonial architecture is typical of the European districts of most

Modernist architecture
.

  • Notre-Dame d'Afrique basilica, Algiers, Algeria
    Notre-Dame d'Afrique basilica, Algiers, Algeria
  • Apartment building in Casablanca, Morocco
    Apartment building in Casablanca, Morocco
  • Apartment building in Algiers, Algeria
    Apartment building in Algiers, Algeria
  • Apartment building on Rue Didouche-Mourad, Algiers, Algeria (formerly Rue Michelet)
    Apartment building on Rue Didouche-Mourad, Algiers, Algeria (formerly Rue Michelet)
  • Rue d'Isly in Algiers (early 20th century)
    Rue d'Isly in Algiers (early 20th century)
  • Lycée Bugeaud in Algiers (early 20th century)
    Lycée Bugeaud in Algiers (early 20th century)

West Africa

French colonial architecture is found in many large and mid-sized West African cities, with a particularly significant concentration in the former capital city, Saint-Louis, Senegal.

  • Rue Lebon in Saint Louis (circa 1900)
    Rue Lebon in Saint Louis (circa 1900)
  • Colonial houses in Saint Louis
    Colonial houses in Saint Louis

Central Africa

Brazzaville, the capital of Congo, and Douala, the largest city of Cameroon have many French colonial buildings.

  • The headquarters for the French Commissioner General in Brazzaville (circa 1896–1910)
    The headquarters for the French Commissioner General in Brazzaville (circa 1896–1910)
  • The Chambre of Commerce in Douala, Cameroon
    The Chambre of Commerce in Douala, Cameroon
  • The Palace of Justice in Douala
    The Palace of Justice in Douala
  • The former residence of the French regional governor in Douala
    The former residence of the French regional governor in Douala

See also

References

  1. ^ About Ho Chi Minh City Archived 2017-12-13 at the Wayback Machine. eng.hochiminhcity.gov.vn.
  2. ^ "Architecture and Urbanism in the French Atlantic Empire | McGill-Queen's University Press". www.mqup.ca. Archived from the original on 2020-01-31. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
  3. ^ Bigolin, Steve. "The Landmarks of Barb City", Daily Chronicle, 28 February 2005. Retrieved 15 February 2007.
  4. ISBN 0-8173-1134-3
    .
  5. ^ "French Creole Architecture". Louisiana Division of Historic Preservation. National Park Service's National Register of Historic Places. Archived from the original on 2008-06-21. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  6. ^ "Top 10 Colonial Buildings in Phnom Penh". Going Colonial. 2018-09-12. Archived from the original on 2019-05-08. Retrieved 2019-11-15.
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