Jauch family

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Jauch
Motto (1683)
HERR DU LEITEST MICH
NACH DEINEN RATH
(Lord thou shalt guide me with thy counsel)[1]
Current region
Earlier spellingsJoherr
Etymologyyes-man[2]
Place of origin
Members
Distinctions
Traditions Honorary almoners for Hamburg's ″General Institution for the Poor of 1788″.
Heirlooms
  • Baroque cradle of August Jauch,
    August the Strong[4]
Estate(s)

The Jauch family of

grand burghers of Hamburg and were Lords of Wellingsbüttel Manor – nowadays a quarter of Hamburg
.

The Jauch have brought forth some notable lineal descendants, both patrilineal and matrilineal. They can trace the nearer cognatic kinship of the issue of the progenitor Johann Christian Jauch the Elder (1638–1718) in the following centuries to a number of renowned contemporaries.

Overview

Pre-Hanseatic time

The Jauch originate from Thuringia[5][6] where as the first family member the widow Lena Joherrin[2] is chronicled 1495 in today's Bad Sulza.[7]

Johann Christian Jauch the Elder (1638–1718) left Sulza

Kings of Poland.[10] These branches were since the lieutenant colonel of the Royal Polish Foot Guards Regiment [pl] Franz Georg Jauch (b. 1681)[11] and the major general Joachim Daniel Jauch (1688–1754)[9] mistakenly[12] regarded as members of the aristocracy.[13][14][15][16]
They became extinct in the 18th century.

Ceremonial barge
of Joachim Daniel Jauch
on the Vistula at Warsaw in 1730

The members of the family who had served the

Hannover[25][22] it was not only confined to the urban educated middle class (German: Bildungsbürgertum). Other members of the family acted as merchants[5] – listed 1699 at the „Uraltes löbliches Kramer-Amt“, the Merchants Guild at Hamburg[26] – and subsequently as internationally acting merchants.[27]

Hanseatics

Grand Burghers of Hamburg

Johann Christian Jauch
(1765–1855)
Grand Burgher of the
Free and Hanseatic City
of Hamburg

The trading firm was relocated in the middle of the 18th century by Carl Daniel Jauch (1714–1794) from the falling back Lüneburg to Hamburg,[24] the ″Queen of the cities″.[28] Since the 17th century Hamburg played a special role in Germany's economic history[29] because thanks to its fortifications [de] it came out of the Thirty Years' War as the wealthiest and most populous of all German cities.[30]

Hamburg was a strictly bourgeois

Bremen and Lübeck.[41][42]

These three cities built up between 1630 and 1650 the Hanseatic Community (German: Hanseatische Gemeinschaft).[43] It was formed after the Hanseatic League became informally extinct in the beginning of the 17th century. Therefore, it has to be differentiated between the earlier Hanseatic merchants (German: Hansekaufmann) of the former Hanseatic League and the later Hanseaten as a class of the three cities which built the Hanseatic Community.[44]

Since the end of the 18th century the family belongs to the Hanseaten.

Rittmeister (English: captain of the cavalry) August Jauch [de] (1848–1930) was for almost twenty years till 1915 – when he volunteered regardless of his age for military service in the Landwehr cavalry - one of the last members of the Hamburg Parliament,[47] who were delegated as representatives of the grand burghers (German: Notabelnabgeordneter)[48] and not contesting an election by the burghers.[49]

In the

German Revolution of 1918–19 the workers' and soldiers' councils put the city administrations under their control ending the reign of the Hanseaten also in Hamburg.[50]

Land Owners in Hamburg, Lords of Manors in the Kingdom of Denmark

The family owned on the

Operation Gomorrah end of July 1943 – the heaviest assault in the history of aerial warfare and later called the Hiroshima of Germany by British officials.[52]

Hamburg, ″Jauch House″[53]
(Stadtdeich 10 by Ebba Tesdorpf c. 1880)

Destroyed along with this historical building were the family crypt on the former cemetery in Hamm, Hamburg (German: Alter Hammer Friedhof) and the Auguste Jauch Woman's Home for Needy Widows (German: Auguste-Jauch-Stift für bedürftige Witwen) located Bürgerweide 59 there.

Around the

garden suburb Hamm
.

Wellingsbüttel Manor

The regions surrounding Hamburg belonged to the

Kingdom of Denmark, later Province of Schleswig-Holstein in the Kingdom of Prussia. Here became the property of the Jauch Wellingsbüttel Manor, Schönhagen Manor [de][57] and Krummbek Manor[58] and the estates Fernsicht[59] and Marienhof on the Stör at Kellinghusen[60] and Schwonendal in Karby, Schleswig-Holstein.[57]

Schönhagen Manor [de]
on the Baltic Sea

Today the Jauch own the

English garden and the vineyard Kanzemer Altenberg constitute a listed cultural heritage site.[62]
[63] The manor house was heavily damaged at the end of the Second World War by the U.S. 10th Armored Division shooting from the other side of the Saar river.[64] It was restored and enlarged between 1954 and 1956. According to Stuart Pigott von Othegraven Winery ″is one of the most beautiful properties″ in the region.[65]

von Othegraven Winery
on the right bank of the Saar River

The plantation Armenia Lorena and other coffee plantations of the Jauch nearby San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta in Guatemala[66][67] were under severe pressure of the US government seized by the Guatemalan government in the Second World War[68] and expropriated without compensation in 1953.[47][69]

Notables in the Hamburg Self-Government

While the

Imperial States of the Holy Roman Empire were subjected to bureaucracy and its civil officialdom (German: Beamtentum), Hamburg was distinguished by its honorary self-government by the most respected of its free citizens,[70][71] the Hamburg notables (German: Hamburger Notabeln).[72]

The Jauch served mainly as honorary[73] almoners (German: Armenpfleger) for Hamburg's General Institution for the Poor of 1788 [de], as provisors of the Hamburg Reformatory [de] and as board members of their own and other humanitarian foundations.[74] The Jauch belonged to the founding fathers of the Humanitarian Aid for en_text [en_text], Hamm and Horn (German: Hülfsverein für Borgfelde, Hamm und Horn), which took care of those poor who did not receive support from the city.

Keeping with the age-old Hanseatic tradition in setting up humanitarian foundations[75] the Jauch maintained a daily soup kitchen for the poor for free (German: Armenspeisung).[51] They also built and maintained almshouses in Hamburg (German: Wohnstifte)[51] and Wellingsbüttel.[76]

Dam failure in the February flood of 1825, Joh. Christ. Jauch sen. being first dyke count

Johann Christian Jauch senior (1765–1855) served from 1820 until 1833 as

Hamburg-Hammerbrook.[46] He was in charge as first dyke count when the dam failed during the February flood of 1825,[77]
2.000 feet southeast of the Jauch house Stadtdeich 10 in Hamburg. [78]

Carl Jauch (1828–88)

Cavalry Officers in the Hamburg Citizen Militia

In the

officer rank made the individual a member of the upper class of society. The most prestigious citizens gladly served as officers in the militia.[80]

The service in the cavalry was generally a badge of

grand burghers.[80]

The

Rittmeister (English: captain of the cavalry) Ernst Merck and later Rittmeister Adolph Godeffroy
.

Ancestors from the Time of the Hanseatic League

Among the ancestors of the Hamburg branch of the family are several

Protestant Reformation[85]
and became the first evangelical mayor of the city.

Progeny

Eleonora Maria Jauch (1732–1797) is the ancestress of the

Friedrich Overbeck.[86][5]

Bolton Castle, in the hands
of Charlotte Jauch's descendants[89]

Other offspring of the Jauch are the

Counts Potocki, as well as branches of the Princes Podhorski and the Princes Woroniecki [de
].

Constance Jauch
(1722–1802)
ancestress of the Lelewel

Constance Jauch (1722–1802)

Jan Pawel Lelewel (1796–1847)[91] participated on 3 April 1833 in the Frankfurter Wachensturm, the attempt to start a revolution in all German states.[92]

Colonel Albert Deetz [de] (1798–1859), son of Ludovica Jauch (1772–1805),[93] was one of the thirtytwo members of the Emperor Deputation on 3 April 1849 which offered Frederick William IV of Prussia the office of emperor. Lieutenant general of the Waffen-SS Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld, descendant of Eleonora Maria Jauch (1732–1797), was a close friend of Erich Ludendorff and one of the leading figures of the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, a failed attempt by Adolf Hitler, to seize power in Germany.[94] Charlotte Jauch's (1811–1872) grandson Otto von Feldmann (1873–1945) was policy officer of Paul von Hindenburg[95] and in charge of the campaign by which Hindenburg became President of Germany in 1925.[96]

History

Origins in Sulza

1512 Georg, Matthias and Nikolaus Jauch were registered as propertied men (

enfeoffed by the sovereign with the Segelitz estate.[98] Georg Jauch (1606–1675) was burgomaster of Sulza.[5]

In Attendance on the Grand Ducal House of Mecklenburg

Magdalene Sibylle of Holstein-Gottorp
(1631–1719), whose lady's-maid and confidant Ingborg Jauch was

In the 17th century Sulza has been twice devastated, 1613 by the Thuringian Flood [de][99]

Güstrow Castle.[8][5][102] He was a member of the ducal household of Magdalena Sibylle, née Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf, wife of Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, until he became 1669 First Valet de chambre (German: Erster Lacquay und Taffeldecker) of Crown Prince Carl of Mecklenburg-Güstrow.[5] 1665 he married Ingborg Nicolai (†1696),[8][9][5] who had come to Güstrow with the duchess Magdalena Sibylle from Gottorf Castle,[8] serving her as lady's maid and confidant.[5][103] The social rank of a servant at these times mirrored the lordship − the higher the lordship, the better the opportunities for the servant to reach a prestigious position himself.[104] A ducal valet de chambre ranked in Mecklenburg-Güstrow equal to The Very Reverend,[105] thus allowing the lordship to demonstrate its own rank. Suitably the first daughters of Johann Christian and Ingborg Jauch married members of the nobility
.

In 1688, Crown Prince Carl died without a male heir. Johann Christian Jauch the Elder quit the service and became

burgher of the city of Güstrow, dealing at retail and being a court shoemaker, purveyor to the ducal family.[5][6] His eldest son Johann Christopher Jauch (1669–1725) had been a stipendiary of the duke[106] and carried out since the end of 1694 the function of a court chaplain (German: Hof- und Schlossprediger).[107][20] After the death of the last Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Gustav Adolph, in 1695 the dukedom of Mecklenburg-Güstrow became extinct. Though duchess Magdalena Sibylla maintained a small court until 1718 the residence Güstrow lost its splendour and relevance. Moreover, Ingborg Jauch had already died.[9][6] Therefore, almost all family members left Güstrow 1696 and turned to Lüneburg.[8][5]

In Attendance on the House of Hanover

1701 the Jauchs became

Hannover.[22]

Carl Jauch (1680–1755), merchant in

dean August Pfeiffer [de] (1640–1698), who strongly influenced the faith and the thinking of Johann Sebastian Bach
.

Eleonora Maria Jauch's (1732–1797) father-in-law was the

dean of Bardowick Caspar Nicolaus Overbeck [de],[23] in whose foster-parental home August Hermann Francke 1687 had been guest when he experienced his so-called "Lüneburg conversion" (German: Lüneburger Bekehrung), making him one of the earliest leaders of Pietism.[118]

In Attendance on the Electors of Saxony and Kings of Poland

1698 Johann Christopher Jauch adjourned his function in

Catholicism.[20] Christiane Eberhardine later was named by her Protestant countrymen "The Praying Pillar of Saxony" (German
: Die Betsäule Sachsens)

Winged Hippocampus at Palais Jauch, Warsaw
Joachim Daniel Jauch
(1688–1754)
Elect. Sax. Major General
Royal Polish Colonel

His brother

first siege of Stralsund 1711–12 during the Great Northern War.[9] At the end he was contemporaneously royal Polish colonel (since 1736), electoral Saxon major general (since 1746),[9] superintendent of the Saxon building authority in Poland (since 1721),[9] with the title director (since 1736),[9] remunerated for each function separately.[120] His primary obligation was to supervise the baroque development of the city of Warsaw.[9] Vital was his responsibility for the extensive merrymakings of the Saxon court at Warsaw.[9]

When 1730 at the end of tremendous fireworks at

VIVAT" in front of 48 foreign princes and numerous other lords a mistake in writing occurred and a "FIFAT" was illuminated, he gained his cognomen "Fifat".[121] He erected the Palais Jauch in Warsaw's suburb Solec[122] and was architect for a number of prominent baroque buildings in Poland
.

He married Eva Maria Münnich,

Miodowa in Warsaw.[123]

Some members of the family followed Major General

Royal Guard of King Augustus II the Strong and King Augustus III of Poland. Franz Georg Jauch 1724 was participating as a captain in the Blood-Bath of Thorn, commanding a company of the Royal Polish Foot Guards Regiment [pl
].

Blood-Bath of Thorn on 7 December 1724
Franz Georg Jauch being at the time captain in the Royal Polish Foot Guards Regiment formed up on the right side

Grand Burghers of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg

1699 Franz Jürgen Jauch and his brother Christian Jauch the Younger († 1720) served an apprenticeship as merchant in

Secretary of State of Hamburg Magnifizenz Johann Baptista Mutzenbecher (1691–1759), member of one of Hamburg's leading families and married her.[126] Under Johann Christian Jauch senior (1765–1855), son of Johann Georg Jauch, the Jauchs became the most important and wealthiest wood traders of Hamburg who reached grand burghership status of the town.[46] Thus, they became members of the ruling class, the Hanseatics (Hanseaten) in one of the wealthiest cities of Germany, with whose financial capacity only Vienna
could compete because of the local high nobility concentrating there and its wealth.

The Old Timber Harbour (German: Alter Holzhafen), part of the Port of Hamburg c. 1840
(a) Jauch's timber yard in the Elbe (German: Jauch's Holzlager) on the left,
(b) Jauch's sawmill on the riverbank and another timber yard (German: Jauch's Holzsägerei und Lager) in the center,
(c) a timber raft drifting down the Elbe in the middle left background bringing wood to Jauch

Christian Jauch senior's sons were founders of the three still existing branches of the family: Wellingsbüttel, Schönhagen und Fernsicht. His great-grandnephew was

Federal Republic of Germany Theodor Heuss
.

His eldest son Johann Christian Jauch junior (1802–1880) acquired the Manor house Wellingsbüttel,[76] previously domicile of the penultimate Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, Friedrich Karl Ludwig, ancestor of the modern-day British royal family. In addition to his land he leased the Duvenstedt Carr [de] for hunting,[76] which is today Hamburg's largest nature reserve. Alongside his home in Hamburg he erected a deer park and a cage for the bears he brought with himself from his voyages to Russia.[76] The poet Hebbel wrote to his long-time companion Elise Lensing, who had lived for many years in the house Stadtdeich 43, after she moved out:

It can only calm me to know that you are no longer under cats, snakes and bears like on the Stadtdeich, but under human beings.

— Christian Friedrich Hebbel[128]

1863 he was a patron of the international agricultural exhibition on the Heiligengeistfeld.[129]

His son Carl Jauch (1828–1888) was

Reichsfreiherr) Seneca von Gelting (1715–1786), who was married to a niece of Johannes Thedens and had become highly wealthy as chargé d'affaires of the Dutch East India Company in Cirebon. His grandfather Diederich Brodersen (1640–1717), ancestor of today's Jauchs of the Wellingsbüttel branch is also an ancestor to the composer Johannes Brahms
. Because of this marriage the earliest notable ancestor is Helmoldus I de Huckelem, documented 1097 and connecting the Wellingsbüttel branch to numerous prominent other descendants of inter alia the von Plessen, von Moltke und von Oertzen families.

Auguste Jauch (1822–1902) was one of the well known

communist uprisings in 1920[133] and is founder of the Roman Catholic branch of the family.[134]

Luise Jauch (1885–1933) was head nurse at The Magic Mountain at Davos,[134] the second famous novel of Thomas Mann, when his wife Katia Mann stood there 1912. Luise Jauch's traits have been utilized for the novel's head nurse Adritacia von Mylendonk.

Krummbek Manor

In different polls Günther Jauch (b. 1956) was elected as “Most intelligent German” (2002), “Most wanted TV-star to become politician” (2003) and “Most popular German” (2005). He was awarded in 2001 the World Award for entertainment. Since 2008 his sculpture is part of Madame Tussauds wax museum at Berlin.

Major Landowners in Guatemala

In Guatemala the coffee business was from the beginning in the hand of German investors. ″The US government forced the Guatemalan government to confiscate the German coffee holdings and to arrest German citizens. This allowed US companies to take control of the Guatemalan coffee industry.″

In the Times of the Third Reich

Heinrich Jauch, First State Attorney at Hamburg

Commemorative plaque in memory of those who were beheaded in Hamburg's central place of execution, the remand prison at the Holstenglacis

Heinrich Jauch (1894–1945) was the Prosecuting Attorney of the Special Tribunal (

Red Navy (German: Rote Marine) Hamburg. Valtin reports in his biography “Out of the Night”, the US-bestseller of 1941[135] and the TIME
“Book of the Year”, the trial and the executions:

Day after day we sat on the prisoners' benches, a cadaverous crew of outcasts surrounded by all the symbols of Hitler power. The Prosecuting Attorney, a tall, thin, pale-faced man named Jauch, dominated the hearings. His hatred for us was undisguised. His eyes flashed and his lips drew back in snarls as he demanded death, and nothing but death.

— Jan Valtin, Out of the Night[136]

The trial is regarded to be the model for the

Moscow Trials[137][138] which were a series of three show trials held in the Soviet Union at the instigation of Joseph Stalin between 1936 and 1938. I these trials Stalin got rid of most of the surviving Old Bolsheviks, as well as the former leadership of the Soviet secret police. In addition, it is believed that Heinrich Jauch has won the majority of the death sentences in Hamburg bevor he was called to Berlin.[139]

The first who were sentenced to death were executed on 19 May 1934. Formerly a guillotine had been used, but it had been discarded as a French method of decapitation. Since then people were put to death with an executioner's ax.

There were the judges of the Special Tribunal and Prosecutor Jauch, all wearing cutaways and topheads. ... They were followed by a long train of storm troop officers and Elite Guards. ... Last to come was the headsman, a chunky individual with a big-boned face and dull brown eyes. He showed complete emotional indifference to the task ahead of him. He, too, wore a stiff white shirt, striped trousers, a cutaway and a top head. ... the headsman raised his ax over comrade Dettmer's head. He did not strike. He simply let it fall on Johnny's neck. Then, with an easy motion, he drew the blade toward him, and stepped back. Johnny Dettmer's head fell into the basket.

— Jan Valtin, Out of the Night[140]

The executions under the direction of Heinrich Jauch became, entwined with the events of the

Hamburg-Eilbek.[141]

In 1937 Heinrich Jauch brought the charge against

Aryanization
of Jewish property.

Hans Oster
Cousin of Walter Jauch, one of the leaders of the German resistance, executed 1945,
supported by Jauch & Hübener

Similarly, Heinrich Jauch organized that the Nazi state reached control over the trading firm Alfred C. Toepfer Company owned by Alfred Toepfer. He arrested Toepfer on charges of foreign exchange offenses between 1937 and 1938 until Toepfer gave up control over his firm.[144]

Jauch & Hübener and the German Resistance to Nazism

Major General

Aon Corporation. Walter Jauch's co-founder Otto Hübener [de] was arrested 1945 in Hamburg and hanged in late April 1945 without trial, a few days before the end of Nazi Germany.[148]

Robert Jauch, officer commanding in the battle of Stalingrad

Robert Jauch (1913–2000) fought as an officer, almost as an

Kuibishev and Simferopol as one of the ″late homecomers″ (German
: Spätheimkehrer) in 1950.

Casualties of World War I and World War II

SMS Thüringen
on which Rudolf Jauch served as an officer cadet

Eight lineage holders of the Jauch, half of all lineage holders in these generations, died as soldiers on the different European battlefields of the First World War and the Second World War, seven of them killed in action. They all with only one exception had no descendants.

Lt. Rudolf Jauch (1891–1915) died 1915 in the sinking of the submarine

anti-war activist Martin Niemöller.[155]

First Lieutenant Günther Jauch (1919–1942), aid de camp of the Panzer-Artillerieregiment 227 was killed in action during the

war cemetery Sologubovka.[158]

Daughters of the Jauch and their Descendants

Catharina Elisabeth Jauch (1671–1736) married von Naumann

Siege of Buda 1686 by Frans Geffels
After all officers of the Corps of Engineers had lost their lives Johann Christoph von Naumann volunteered in the rank of a captain, finished the trenches to the walls, blew a breach in the walls and was in the first squad storming the walls.[159]

Catharina Elisabeth Jauch (1671–1736) married the later colonel and architect of

King August the Strong, Johann Christoph von Naumann.[160] He was a member of the diplomatic mission of the Holy League in the course of the Treaty of Karlowitz 1699 with the Ottoman Empire, which ended the Great Turkish War.[160]

Juliana Agnesa Jauch (1673 bis nach 1712) married Baroness von Schmiedel

Juliana Agnesa Jauch (1673–1712) married Baron (

Amtshauptmann) and councillor of the board of domains (German: Landkammerrat), their son being Baron Franz Rudolf von Schmiedel, Lord Steward of the Household (German: Hofmarschall) of the extravagant Ernest Augustus I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
.

Constance Jauch (1722–1802) married von Lölhöffel

Miodowa Street between the Capuchin church [pl] in the middle left and the Krasiński Palace
at the rear

Joachim Daniel Jauch's daughter Constance Jauch (1722–1802)

Miodowa
. Regardless the early death of her husband in 1763 she enabled a splendid career for her children.

Her son Karol Maurycy Lelewel (1750–1830) married a daughter of the

Podczaszy wielki litewski), a title possessed prior by Stanisław August Poniatowski
before he was elected as the last king and grand duke of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Karol Mauricy was from 1778 until 1794 the lawyer and treasurer of the

Constitution of May 3, 1791
.

After 1789 during the

Sejm Wielki the reformers had to sacrifice many of their privileges in order to gain support for the Constitution of May the 3rd. Nevertheless, it is often argued, with quite some force, that because of the efforts of the Commission of National Education, the Polish language and culture did not disappear into oblivion, during the Partitions of Poland - heavy Russification and Germanisation
notwithstanding.

Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791
ballot in the hall of the senators designed 1733 by Joachim Daniel Jauch,[9]
his grandson Karol Mauricy Lelewel (1750–1830) being one of the fathers of the constitution

Constance Jauch's grandsons were Joachim,[9] Prot und Jan Pawel Lelewel.[91]

Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, who had given shelter to him in his manor Lagrange, where he was later arrested and then expelled from France. The 29 May is Lelewel's memorial day in the Jewish almanc for his commitment for the Jewish emancipation.[162]

Czar Nicholas I 1831 as King of Poland
under the leadership of Joachim Lelewel, restorer and president of the radical Patriotic Club (Polish
: Klub Patriotyczny)

Prot Lelewel (1790–1884) served as a captain during the

Jan Pawel Lelewel (1796–1847), was a Polish freedom fighter who unsuccessfully defended 1831 Praga against the Russian invasion and participated on 3 April 1833 in the Frankfurter Wachensturm, the attempt to start a revolution in all German states.[92] 1816–1826 he modernized Zamość Fortress, after his escape from Poland and Germany he became 1837–1947 head engineer of the Canton of Bern.[92]

Jan Pawel Lelewel[163] (supported by his brother Joachim) who sought asylum in Switzerland following the failed attempt to start a revolution in Germany,[92]
Quo Vadis – epic film after
Henryk Sienkiewicz's novel

Constance Jauch's daughter Teresa Lelewelowna (1752–1814) married Adam Józef Cieciszowski (1743–1783),

Latin: notarius magnus Lithuaniae) and knight of the Order of Saint Stanislaus.[164] Her granddaughter Aleksandra Franciszka Cieciszowska was married to the Polish minister Jan Paweł Łuszczewski 1784–1795 private secretary of the last King and Grand Duke of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Stanisław August Poniatowski.[165] He was nominated as count by the King Augustus III of Poland.[166] Their granddaughter Jadwiga Łuszczewska (1834–1908), daughter of the economist Wacław Józef Łuszczewski[167] and the writer Magdalena Łuszczewska,[168] was a Polish poet and novelist.[169]

Great-grandson of Constance Jauch was the Nobel Prize-winning novelist, author of "Quo vadis", Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846–1916).[170] His daughter was the painter Jadwiga Sienkiewicz-Korniłowiczowa.[171]

Another great-grandson was the founder of the Polish historical study of literature

Venerable Servant of God.[175]

Constance Jauch's granddaughter Anna Cieciszowska was sister-in-law of

Napoleon Bonaparte
.

Eleonora Maria Jauch (1732–1797) married Overbeck

Eleonora Maria Jauch (1732–1797), daughter of

Napoleon I and Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma in the Louvre and later the "banquet imperial" there, distorting in his ironical, Jonathan Swift citing[176] comment a line of Virgil's Aeneid:[177] "quaeque et pulcerrima vidi, et quorum pars parva fui.".[178]

Friedrich Overbeck
San Bernardo alle Terme
, Rome, Italy
Pope Pius IX

Her grandson was the painter and head of the

Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts. On 7 February 1857 Pope Pius IX came for a personal visit in his home, the Villa Cancellotti next to the Via Merulana in Rome. At that time he was painting the large-sized "Christ absconding from the Jews" (1858), a commission from Pius IX, and an allegory on the pope's escape 1848 from Rome in disguise as a regular priest, originally on a ceiling in the Quirinal Palace, later covered by the king, and now hanging in front of the Aula delle Benedizione in the Vatican
. The Pope encouraged him:

Pius PP. IX. – Equiti Federico Overbeckio! To the beloved son salutations and Apostolic Blessing. We appreciate how conscientious you are, how excellent in the art of painting, ... no less we are aware of your outstanding faith and all your abilities, all your talents, which may come together, when you will perfect your oeuvre. Very close to our heart is everything, which forsters faith. We write this since you shall be encouraged, to maintain the enthusiasm for your oeuvre ... In the meantime we humbly implore the Lord, the origin of all good, that he in his divine grace will always be gracious to you. We assure you our fatherly love and like to grant you, beloved son, our Apostolic Blessing. Datum Romae apud S. Petrum die 2 Septembris 1850 Pontificatus Nostri anno quinto

— 
Friedrich Overbeck 1850[179]

The archaeologist

Covent Garden
.

manhunt after the Operation Anthropoid
Buddenbrook-Nobility

The denotation ″Buddenbrook-Nobility″ traces back to Thomas Mann's novel Buddenbrooks which won Mann the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1929. Mann portrayed the manner of life and mores of the Hanseatics in the 19th century. The city where the Buddenbrook family lives shares so many of its street names and other details with Mann's hometown of Lübeck that the identification is perfect, although Mann carefully avoids explicit pronunciation of the name throughout the novel. In spite of this fact, many German readers, in particular such from Lübeck, and critics attacked Mann for writing about the "dirty laundry" of his hometown and his own family. However, for a long time that what had been attacked in the past was later regarded being an ennoblement. Those who have a close or distant relative, who has been portrayed in the Buddenbrooks, are half-ironically but at the same time respectfully counted among the "Buddenbrook-nobility".[180]

Descendant Charlotte Leithoff (1819–1903) married consul Johann Heinrich Harms (1810–1893) (in the novel: August Möllendorpf),[181] brother of the senator Georg Friedrich Harms (1811–1892) (in the novel: Senator Möllendorpf),[182] who was married to the descendant Emma Wilhelmine Buck (1832–1896) (in the novel: Frau Möllendorpf geb. Langhals) and father of Lorenz Harms (1840–1915) (in the novel: Konsul Kistenmaker). Eleonora Maria Jauch's great-granddaughter Henriette Charlotte Harms (1842–1928) married the senator of Lübeck Johann Fehling (1835–1893), brother of the mayor of Lübeck Emil Ferdinand Fehling [de] (in the novel: Dr. Moritz Hagenström) und brother-in-law of the mayor of Lübeck Heinrich Theodor Behn [de] (in the novel: Bürgermeister Kaspar Oeverdieck). He was a grandson of the poet Emanuel Geibel (in the novel: Jean Jacques Hoffstede). Their daughter Emilie Charlotte Adele Fehling (1865–1890) married the novelist Lieutenant Bernhard von Hindenburg [de], brother of the Field Marshal und President of Germany Paul von Hindenburg.

Ludovica Jauch (1772–1805)

married Deetz

The granddaughter of

Prussian Minister of War. 1848–1854 he was town major of Frankfurt, member of the Frankfurt Parliament and one of the thirtytwo members of the Emperor Deputation, chosen by the National Assembly, which offered on 3 April 1849 the Imperial Crown of Germany to Frederick William IV of Prussia
.

In Frankfurt I lodged in the L'hotel de Russie ... I became acquainted with an endearing 'ruin of the parliament', the town commandant of Frankfurt, the Prussian colonel von Deetz. This good old man told me stories from a Thousand and One Nights and forgot totally, that he was a Prussian colonel.

— Georg Weerth, letter to Friedrich Engels 1852[183]

Otto von Bismarck was at that time the Prussian envoy to the Federal Convention in Frankfurt. His relationship to Albert Deetz as town commandant of Frankfurt and member of the Convention was distressed, because Deetz strictly refused to cooperate with him. Bismarck reported to Berlin:

The conspirator Deetz always causes inconvenience for me.

— Otto von Bismarck[184]
Emperor Deputation on 3 April 1849
offering Frederick William IV of Prussia the office of emperor,
among the deputies the then major Albert Deetz [de]
(in the corner left side down)

Ludovica Jauch's great-great-grandson was Lieutenant Commander (German: Korvettenkapitän) Friedrich Deetz, commander of the German submarine U-757, which was sunk 1944 in the North Atlantic, south-west of Iceland, by depth charges from the British frigate HMS Bayntun and the Canadian corvette HMCS Camrose. Another great-great-grandson, Colonel Günther Nentwig (1899–1943), bearer of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, was killed in action as commander of the 295. Infanterie-Division in the Battle of Stalingrad.[185]

married Griebel
The Dakota, built
by George Henry Griebel[186]

After the death of her first husband Ludovica Jauch married the bassoonist of the

Frederick II of Prussia. He was the first teacher of the composer Albert Lortzing, the main representative of the German Spieloper
.

Her Stepchild Frederick Griebel (1819–1859), who lived in Toronto, was the first professional violinist in Canada. Even 20 years after his death his reputation survived as that of “the greatest violinist ever resident in this city.″[187]

Her stepgrandchild was the

Dakota Building in New York and the grand staircase in the Great Hall of the Library of Congress
.

Wilhelmine Jauch (1809–1893) married Avé-Lallemant

Wilhelmine Jauch (1809–1893) married

Hamburg Philharmonic Society (German: Philharmonische Gesellschaft). In 1841 he organized and directed the 3rd North German Music Festival in 1841 in Hamburg, which was the biggest festival of its time.[189]

Inner Alster Lake.
Nocturnal concert of the North German Music Festival 1841,
organized and directed by Theodor Avé-Lallemant

Peter Tchaikovsky a meeting between Tchaikovsky and Avé-Lallemant. Tchaikovsky dedicated to his admirer Avé-Lallemant, for whom he had a lot of sympathy, his 5th Symphony
.

First of all I should mention the chief director of the Philharmonic Society, the aged Herr Avé-Lallemant. This most venerable old man of over eighty paid me great attention and treated me with paternal affection. ... When I then visited this kindly old gentleman, who passionately loves music and who, as should be obvious to the reader, is quite free from that aversion which many old people have against everything that has been written in recent times, I had a very lengthy and interesting conversation with him. ... We parted as great friends.

— 
Peter Tchaikovsky
, Autobiographical Account of a Tour Abroad in the Year 1888 (Chapter XI)

Johannes Brahms, who was a fourth cousin twice removed of Robert Jauch (1856–1909) and Bertha Jauch (1860–1935), and Robert Schumann became godfathers of two of Theodor Avé-Lallemant's and Wilhelmine Jauch's sons.

At the table at Lallemant, who has a very pleasant and educated wife.

— Robert Schumann, Diaries, vol. II, 1987, p. 210

The collection of letters from a number of composers and scores by Brahms is since 2000 part of the collection of the

Napoleonic wars, Louis Ferdinand was also a gifted musician and composer. The prince brought his violin also to military campaigns. He bequeathed it to his friend, Avé-Lallemant's father,[193][194] the evening before his death in the Battle of Saalfeld with the words: ″In case that I will not return from the battle.″ [195][196]

Charlotte Jauch (1811–1872) married Lührsen

Robert Bulwer-Lytton, Viceroy of India
(sitting in Delhi 1877 upon the throne on the left)
Uncle-in-law of Carmen Lührsen
Battle of Sarikamish 1914:
Enver Pasha (half right)
Otto von Feldmann (right)

Luise Jauch (1815–1881) married Halske

Bertha Jauch (1860–1935) married Knoop

Reformator Huldrych Zwingli is killed 1531 in the Battle of Kappel,
won by commander Hans Jauch

Other known Families with the Name "Jauch"

Citizens of the Canton of Uri in the Old Swiss Confederacy

The

Roman Catholic cantons the Second War of Kappel
.
Altdorf main branch of these Jauch became known as Swiss mercenaries
. [198] This family is not related to the Hanseatic Jauch covered here.

Commoners of the Grand Duchy of Baden

Neither are related to the Hanseatic Jauch the Jauch of

commoners of the Grand Duchy of Baden
.

Most Jauch spread over the world in present-day time descend from these Jauch,[199] of whom a number due to poverty and famine emigrated with hundreds of other inhabitants in several waves from 1747–1754, 1801, 1817, 1847 and in the period thereafter until about 1890 to Prussia, Bessarabia, the United States and Canada.[200]

bad potato harvest in 1846.[203]

To the Jauch of Schwennigen belongs – though stationed in Hamburg – the SS Oberscharführer Ewald Jauch [de], who was convicted and given the death sentence in 1946 because of his involvement in the killings in the subcamp Bullenhuser Damm of the Neuengamme concentration camp.

Commoners of the Electorate of Saxony

Another Jauch family considered in the literature

Meißen in the Electorate of Saxony
. Their ancestor was the butcher Andreas Jauch (b. 1523) and their best known member was the jurist and controlling clerk of the 17th century Haubold Gottfried Jauch. There is no relationship to the Hanseatic Jauch family, too.

Family tree (under construction)

Georg Jauch
Major of Sulza

1606–1675
Christian Jauch
der Ältere
First Lackey und Butler of the Hereditary Prince
Charles of Mecklenburg-Güstrow

1688 Purveryor to the Court of Güstrow
1696 Dealer at Lüneburg

1638–1718
Johann Christopher Jauch
Dean
at Lüneburg

1669–1725		Catharina Elisabeth Jauch
1671–1736
∞
Johann Christoph von Naumann		Christian Jauch
the Younger
1699 registered in the Guild's Register of the Dealers at Hamburg
1701 Dealer at Lüneburg

† 1720		Carl Jauch
Kaufmann und Postagent Lübecks
zu Lüneburg

1680–1755		Franz Georg Jauch
Lieutenant Colonel der Königlich-Polnischen Krongarde
1724 bei dem Thorner Blutgericht

1682–1753		Joachim Daniel
Jauch
Generalmajor und
Barockarchitekt
zu Warschau

1688–1754
Ludolph Friedrich Jauch
Hauptpastor
an St. Michaelis
zu Lüneburg

1698–1764		Tobias Christoph Jauch
Stadt-Secretarius
zu Lüneburg

1703–1776		Johann Christian Jauch
Erster Domherr und Vize-Dekan
zu Bardowick

1702–1778		Carl Daniel Jauch
1740 Erbauer des Stammhauses in Lüneburg
1752 Begründer der Jauchschen Handlung in Hamburg

1714–1795		Adolph Jauch
Kaiserlicher Notar
zu Hannover

1705–1758		Constance Jauch
1722–1802
∞
Heinrich von Lölhöffel
Johann Georg Jauch
Offizier a. D. und Kaufmann
zu Lauenburg

1727–1799		Eleonora Maria Jauch
1732–1797
∞
Georg Christian Overbeck
Advokat zu Lübeck		Friedrich August Jauch
Senator zu
Hannover-Calenberg

1741–1796		Heinrich Georg Jauch
Oberstleutnant der Königlich-Polnischen Krongarde

* 1709		Carl Jauch
Gerichtsverwalter zu Horneburg
Domherr zu Bardowick

1735–1818
Johann Christian Jauch senior
Großbürger zu Hamburg
in Firma J. C. Jauch & Söhne
Ältester Deichgeschworener

1765–1855		Ludovica Jauch
1772–1805
∞
1. Johann Carl Deetz
2. Joh. Heinr. Griebel		Christian Adolph Overbeck
Bürgermeister
von Lübeck

1755–1821
Johann Christian Jauch junior
Großbürger zu Hamburg
Olt. d. Hanseat. Kavallerie

1804–1876
∞
Auguste Jauch
Wilhelmine Jauch
1809–1893
∞
Theodor Avé-Lallemant		Charlotte Jauch
1811–1872
∞
Gustav Lührsen		Luise Jauch
1815–1881
∞
Adolf Halske
Großbürger zu Hamburg		Hermann Jauch
Herr auf Fernsicht

1817–1859
Carl Jauch
Großbürger zu Hamburg
Olt. d. Hanseat. Kavallerie

1828–1888
Hermann Jauch
Herr auf Schönhagen und Schwonendal

1858–1916		August Jauch
Herr auf Fernsicht
Repräsentant der Notabeln in der Hamburgischen Bürgerschaft
Rittmeister a. D.

1848–1930
Robert Jauch
Herr auf Krummbek

1859–1909
Paul Jauch
Kaufmann
in Firma Jauch Gebr.
Import & Export

1857–1915		Bertha Jauch
1860–1935
∞
William Oscar Knoop		Heinrich Jauch
Erster Staatsanwalt
zu Hamburg

1894–1945
Adriatica von Mylendonk)

1885–1933
Walter Jauch
Gründer von
Jauch & Hübener
Rittmeister d. Res.

1888–1976
Robert Jauch
Kaufmann
Oberleutnant d. Res.
Teilnehmer der Schlacht um Stalingrad

1913–2000		Hermann Jauch
Hauptmann
stv. Regimentsadjutant im Stab des Art.-Regts. 69

1914–1943		Günther Jauch
Oberleutnant
Abteilungs-Adjutant im Stab des Art.-Rgts 227

1919–1942		Ernst-Alfred Jauch
Journalist
Leiter des Landesbüros Berlin der KNA
Leutnant d. Res.

1920–1991
Hans-Gerd Hermann Jauch
Insolvenzverwalter

* 1953		Robert Jauch
Priester
Franziskaner (OFM)

* 1954		Günther Jauch
Fernsehmoderator, Journalist und Produzent
Besitzer des Weinguts von Othegraven

* 1956

Bibliography

Family-related literature

General literature

Films

External links

"Weingut von Othegraven (Von Othegraven Winery)". Retrieved 26 August 2014.

References

  1. ^ Psalm 73:24.
  2. ^ a b Joherr or Jaherr translate as yes-man, Joch or Jauch stay for the synonymous however and seem to be a shift of the former:
    • Brinkmann, Friedrich (1878). Die Metaphern: Studien über den Geist der modernen Sprachen [Metaphors: Studies about the Spirit of Modern Languages] (in German). p. 146.;
    • Götze, Alfred (1967). Frühneuhochdeutsches Glossar [Early New High German Glossary] (in German). p. 128. Jaherr = Jasager;
    • Mellin, Georg Samuel Albert (1802). Encyclopädisches Wörterbuch der kritischen Philosophie [Encyclopedic Dictionary of Critical Philosophy] (in German). p. 216.
    • Westenrieder, Lorenz von (1816). Glossarium Germanico-latinum vocum Obsoletarum primi et Medii Aevi Inprimis Bavaricarum [German-Latin Glossary of Obsolete Terms Especially in the Bavarian Language from Earliest and Medieval Times] (in Latin). Vol. tomus prior. p. 273. auch, schon, doch, wenn gleich = Joch, Jauch;
    • → de:wikt:Jauch
  3. ^ "Die neuen Deutschen" [The New Germans] (in German). Retrieved 18 August 2014.
  4. ^ a b "Das Nationalmuseum in Krakau – Kunsthandwerkgalerie". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 26 December 2010. Die hölzerne Barockwiege von ca. 1730 war ein Geschenk Königs August II. an Joachim Daniel von Jauch, dem Königlichen Bevollmächtigten für Bauangelegenheiten, zur Taufe seines Sohnes. Der Überlieferung nach diente sie im Säuglingsalter auch dem später herausragenden polnischen Historiker Joachim Lelewel (1786–1861), der ein Urenkel Joachim Daniel von Jauchs gewesen ist.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Lührsen 1949a.
  6. ^ a b c Jauch 1996, p. 345.
  7. ^ Judersleben 1936.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Bertram 1719, p. 583.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Hentschel 1974.
  10. ^ Jauch 1996, pp. 410 and 413.
  11. ^ Jauch 1999, p. 51.
  12. ^ Hentschel 1974, p. 368: Lists Joachim Daniel Jauch without the nobiliary particle ″von". In addition no documentary proof for ennoblement yet has been found.
  13. ^ Boniecki 1905, p. 340.
  14. ^ Uruski 1909, p. 29.
  15. ^ Zernicki-Szeliga 1900, p. 373.
  16. ^ PESz 1937, p. 194.
  17. ^ Jauch 1996, pp. 339–340.
  18. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2007). Historisches Lexikon der Deutschen Länder: die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart [Historical Dictionary of the German States: The German Territories from the Middle Ages to the Present] (in German). p. 397.
  19. ^ a b Jauch 1996, p. 353.
  20. ^ a b c Jauch 1996, p. 351.
  21. ^ Königl.-grossbrittannischer und Churfürstl.-braunschweig-lüneburgscher Staatskalender [Royal Great Britain and Electoral Brunswick-Lüneburg States Calendar] (in German). 1798. p. 66.
  22. ^ a b c d Jauch 1996, p. 409.
  23. ^ a b Winckler 1768, p. 226.
  24. ^ a b c d e Jauch 1996, p. 354.
  25. ^ Handbuch der Provinz Hannover [Handbook of the Province Hanover] (in German). 1783.
  26. ^ Jauch 1996, p. 348.
  27. ^ Jauch 1996, p. 341.
  28. ^ Kolze, Maja (2011). Stadt Gottes und 'Städte Königin' – Hamburg in Gedichten des 16. bis 18. Jahrhunderts [The City of God and 'Queen of the Towns' –Hamburg in Poems of the 16th through 18th Century] (in German). p. 10.
  29. ^ Schramm 1964, p. 23.
  30. Munich
    1700: 24,000 inhabitants
  31. ^ Schramm 1964, pp. 15–15: "Bis in das 19. Jahrhundert ist Deutschlands soziale Struktur durch den Vorrang des Adels gekennzeichnet ... Wer aufstieg, hatte daher den Ehrgeiz, möglichst schnell durch ein Adelsprädikat vergessen zu machen, daß er aus der bürgerlichen Sphäre stammte. ... Völlig anders war die soziale Struktur Hamburgs und der beiden Schwesterstädte."
  32. ^ Gall, Lothar (1994). "Adel, Verein und städtisches Bürgertum" [Nobility, Association and Urban Bourgeoisie]. In Fehrenbach, Elisabeth (ed.). Adel und Bürgertum in Deutschland 1770-1848 [Nobility and Bourgeoisie in Germany 1770-1848] (in German). München: Oldenbourg. Wir haben keinen Adel, keine Patrizier, keine Sklaven, ja selbst nicht einmal Untertanen. Alle wirklichen Hamburger kennen und haben nur einen einzigen Stand, den Stand eines Bürgers. (Johann Carl Daniel Curio 1803)
  33. ^ Schramm 1969, p. 82:"Bereits das Stadtbuch von 1276 hatte festgelegt, daß kein Ritter in der Stadt wohnen dürfe. Diese Bestimmung war in der Neufassung von 1497 übernommen worden, und im Rezeß von 1603 hieß es daher wiederum, daß ‚kein Ritter oder Rittermäßige Personen in dieser Stadt oder dero Gebiethe wohnen soll.‘ Die Bestimmungen, die Adeligen das Wohnen in der Stadt verbot, wurde 1658 und 1682 erneuert und 1693 stellte Dr. iur. Matthaeus Schlüter in seinem kenntnisreichen ‚Traktat von denen Erben in Hamburg‘ noch einmal die Gründe zusammen, die seit Alters für das Fernhalten des Adels sprachen."
  34. ^ Ein Hamburger 1827, p. 181"Es giebt in Hamburg schlechterdings ... keine erbliche Würden, durchaus kein Adel, jeder, der Bürger werden will, muß auf seine Adelsrechte verzichten, und kein Bürger, der es bleiben will, darf sich adeln lassen."
  35. ^ Rohmann, Gregor (2005). "Joachim Moller gründet ein Geschlecht. Erinnerungsräume im Hamburg des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts" [Joachim Moller Founds a Dynasty.]. In Hengerer, Mark (ed.). Macht und Memoria: Begräbniskultur europäischer Oberschichten in der Frühen Neuzeit [Funerary Practices of European Upper Classes in the Early Modern Period] (in German). Weimar. p. 130. Es gab in Hamburg Patrizier, aber es gab kein Patriziat. ... In der Stadt jedoch mussten sie sich in einem offenen Konflikt um die Normen der sozialen Ordnung dem offenen Kaufmannshonoratiorentum beugen.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  36. ^ Schulz 2002, pp. 14 subs..
  37. ISBN 3-937816-17-8
    . Die Geschichtsforschung geht aus von einem 'grundsätzlich oligarischen Charakter der Hamburger Verfassung …, die Verfassungsordnung daher als eine aristokratische und nicht als eine demokratische interpretiert' wurde, einer der Gründe, warum Hamburg 'als Stadtrepublik 1815 Mitglied eines Bundes souveräner Fürsten hatte werden können.'
  38. ^ Schulz 2002, p. 15: Ausgeschlossen von der Stadtherrschaft waren insbesondere der Adel und die pauperisierten Massen, aber auch die bürgerlichen Mittelschichten
  39. ISBN 3-515-08186-0Zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts betrug der Anteil der Fernhandelskaufleute, der Hanseaten, nur gut ein Promille der Einwohner Hamburgs.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link
    )
  40. ^ Zur seit der zweiten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts patrizischen Oberschicht Lübecks und zu den Adelsverleihungen von 1641 see Zirkelgesellschaft
  41. ^ Wegner 1999, p. 34:"In Hamburg wurde sehr genau zwischen dem großen und dem kleinen Bürgerrecht unterschieden, und nur wer dank seiner ökonomischen Verhältnisse imstande war, das große Bürgerrecht zu erwerben, verfügte über die uneingeschränkte Handels- und Gewerbefreiheit, durfte in den Senat, die Bürgerschaft und andere Ämter gewählt werden – und das waren nur wenige. Die vermögenden Kaufleute gaben in den Hansestädten den Ton an."
  42. ^ Wegner 1999, p. 35:"Sie sicherten aus eigener Verfügungsgewalt die Macht ihres Standes und ihrer Klasse, grenzten sich in Rang und Habitus gegen die kleinen Kaufleute, die ‚Krämer‘ ab und betrachteten sich mit einigem Recht als Herrscher ihrer Stadt."
  43. ^ Ahrens, Gerhard (2006). "Hanseatisch" [Hanseatic]. In Schmidt-Römhild (ed.). Lübeck-Lexikon [Lübeck-Encyclopedia] (in German)Referring to: Rainer Postel: Hanseaten. Zur politischen Kultur Hamburgs, Bremens und Lübecks. In: Der Bürger im Staat. 34, 1984, p. 153–158.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  44. ^ Schwarzwälder, Herbert (2003). "Hanseaten, hanseatisch".
    ISBN 3-86108-693-X.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
    )    <
  45. ^ Jauch 1996.
  46. ^ a b c d e Jauch 1996, p. 361.
  47. ^ a b Jauch 1996, p. 401.
  48. ^ Wiegand 1987.
  49. ^ 1913: Inhabitants 1.037.275, entitled to elect deputies of the Hamburg Parliament 83.187, group I 28.479 voters for 48 deputies, group II 48.762 voters for 24 deputies, 5.946 voters in the land territory for 8 deputies, 8.731 landowners elect 40 deputies, 954 notables elect 40 deputies from their ranks.
  50. ^ Comfort, Richard A. (1966). Revolutionary Hamburg: labor politics in the early Weimar Republic. Stanford University Press. p. 46.
  51. ^ a b c d Jauch 1996, p. 390.
  52. ^ "The Cabinet Papers 1915–1978: Glossary - B". The National Archives. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  53. ^ Rudhard, Wolfgang (1975). Das Bürgerhaus in Hamburg [The Townhouse in Hamburg]. Das deutsche Bürgerhaus (in German). Vol. XXI. Tübingen: Wasmuth. p. 109.
  54. ^ Jauch 1996, p. 363.
  55. ^ Hedeler, Georg (1898). List of private libraries. Vol. 3. G. Hedeler. p. 330. Adolf Jauch, Hamburg, Schwanenwik 18
  56. ^ Jauch 1999, p. 49.
  57. ^ a b Jauch 1996, p. 395.
  58. ^ Jauch 1996, p. 369.
  59. ^ Jauch 1996, p. 398.
  60. ^ Schleswig-Holsteinische Anzeigen [Scoreboard for Schleswig-Holsetin] (in German). 1870. p. 456.
  61. ^ Johnson, Hugh (2012). Der kleine Johnson 2013: Weinführer [The Little Johnson 2013: Wine Guide]. Hallwag Taschenführer (in German). Gräfe und Unzer. p. 214.
  62. ^ Generaldirektion Kulturelles Erbe Rheinland-Pfalz, ed. (2011). "Nachrichtliches Verzeichnis der Kulturdenkmäler Kreis Trier-Saarburg" [Memorandum of the Cultural Heritage Sites District Trier-Saarburg] (PDF) (in German). Koblenz. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
  63. ^ "Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier" [Database of the Cultural Heritage sites in the Region Trier] (in German). 13 August 2004. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
  64. ^ Festschrift 100 Jahre Großer Ring Mosel-Saar-Ruwer. Trier. 2008. p. 41.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  65. ^ Pigott, Stuart (1997). Die führenden Winzer und Spitzenweine Deutschlands [The Leading Winemakers and Acclaimed Top Wines of Germany] (in German).
  66. ^ Wagner, Regina; Asociación de Educación y Cultura "Alejandro von Humboldt."; Comité de Investigaciones Históricas (1991). Los alemanes en Guatemala, 1828–1944 [The Germans in Guatemala, 1828–1944] (in Spanish). Editorial IDEA, Universidad en Su Casa, Universidad Francisco Marroquín. p. 381.
  67. ^ United States. Dept. of State; United States. Dept. of the Treasury; United States. Dept. of Justice; United States. Dept. of Commerce; United States. Foreign Economic Administration; United States. Office of Inter-American Affairs (1945). The Proclaimed List of Certain Blocked Nationals: Revision IX, February 28, 1945, Promulgated Pursuant to Proclamation 2497 of the President, of July 17, 1941. The Proclaimed List of Certain Blocked Nationals, United States. Foreign Economic Administration (Publication 2272 ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 106.
  68. ^ Bedolla, Lisa Garcia (2009). Introduction to Latino Politics in the U.S. Polity. p. 159.
  69. ^ Por los caminos de la sobrevivencia campesina: Las estrategias de producción y reproducción campesina en la zona campesina indigena del Departamento de San Marcos [On the paths of peasant survival: Strategies of peasant production and reproduction in the Indian rural area of the Department of San Marcos] (in Spanish). Asociación para el Avance de las Ciencias Sociales en Guatemala (AVANCSO). 2006. p. 272.
  70. ^ Blumenthal, Julia von (2006). "Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg: Das letzte Feierabendparlament" [The Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg: The last Knocking-off Time Parliament]. In Mielke, S. (ed.). Länder-Parlamentarismus in Deutschland [State-Parliamentarism in Germany] (in German). Wiesbaden. p. 95.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  71. ^ Renate, Hauschild-Thiessen (1979). Über den Hamburgischen Nationalcharakter [About the Hamburg National Character]. Deutsches Geschlechterbuch (in German). Vol. 127. p. 24.
  72. ^ Wiegand 1987, p. 222:"... das Hauptelement der Hamburger Notabeln, die kaufmännische Oberschicht ..."
  73. ^ Ein Hamburger 1827, p. 136: Alle Ehrenämter bei der Armen=Anstalt, die der Vorsteher, Pfleger etc., werden völlig unentgeltlich verwaltet; – obgleich viele derselben mit ungemeiner Mühwaltung verbunden sind.
  74. ^ Jauch 1996, pp. 369, 388, 390, 395–396, 401–402.
  75. ^ Göring, Michael; Suhrke, Sascha (2007). In Hamburg stiften gehen. Spaziergänge durch Deutschlands Stiftungshauptstadt [Walks through Hamburg, Germany's Capital of Foundations.] (in German). Ellert & Richter.
    ISBN 978-3-831-90292-7
    .
  76. ^ a b c d Jauch 1996, p. 367.
  77. ^ Arends, Fridrich (1826). Gemählde der Sturmfluthen vom 3. bis 5. Februar 1825 [Painting of the Foold from 3 until 5 February 1825] (in German). Kaiser. p. 250.
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  87. ^ Howitt, Margaret (1971). Binder, Franz (ed.). Friedrich Overbeck: 1789–1833. Herbert Lang. p. 1.
  88. ^ a b Mai 1998.
  89. ^ Her great-granddaughter Victoria Mary Orde-Powlett née Villiers became Lady Bolton in 1944.
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  94. Putsch in Munich{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link
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  109. ^ Schlöpken, Christian (1704). Chronicon oder Beschreibung der Stadt und des Stiftes Bardewick [Chronicle or Description of the City and the Stift Bardewick] (in German). Lübeck. p. 429. Stiftspröpste wurden nicht bestellt. Die Dekane waren in der Regel Juristen, die als Fürstlich Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Kanzler in Celle fungierten. Die eigentliche Leitung des Stifts lag bei den Senioren, die deswegen seit alters her zugleich den Titel eines Vice-Dekanos führten.
  110. ^ Jauch 1996, pp. 354–355.
  111. ^ Zedler 1740f, p. 1292.
  112. ^ Zedler 1740d, pp. 345–346.
  113. ^ Zedler 1740e, p. 346.
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  118. ^ Winckler 1768, p. 221.
  119. ^ Bertram 1719, p. 588.
  120. ^ Jauch 1996, p. 413–414.
  121. ^ "Roccoco". Das große deutsche Anekdoten-Lexikon (The Great German Encyclopedia of Anecdotes) (in German). Erfurt: Fr. Bartholomäus. 1842–43. p. 301.
  122. ^ a b Jauch 1996, p. 414.
  123. ^ Jauch 1996, p. 413.
  124. ^ Jauch 1996, p. 410.
  125. ^ Jauch 1996, pp. 348 and 353.
  126. ^ Jauch 1999, p. 40.
  127. ^ Schnadel 1966.
  128. ^ Berner, Richard Maria (1905). Friedrich Hebbel. Sämtliche Werke. Historisch-kritische Ausgabe. Vol. 3. p. 91.
  129. ^ Message from the President of the United States, transmitting Correspondence of the minister of the Hanseatic republics in relation to an international agricultural exhibition in the city of Hamburg. House Documents, Otherwise Publ. as Executive Documents. Vol. 13th Congress, 2d Session – 49th Congress, 1st Session. 1863. p. 31.
  130. ^ Jauch 1996, p. 368.
  131. ^ Naumann 1940, p. 49.
  132. ^ Jauch 1996, p. 364.
  133. ^ Senger und Etterlin, Ferdinand Maria von (1980). Soldaten zwischen Rhein und Weser: Heeresgeschichte in Nordrhein-westfalen von D. Anfängen d. Stehenden Heere bis zur 7. Panzergrenadierdivision d. Bundeswehr [Soldiers between Rhine and Weser: Military History in Northrhine-Westfalia from the Beginnings of Standing Armies until the 7th Armored Infantry Division of the German Armed Forces] (in German). pp. 61–62, 64.
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  134. ^ a b Jauch 1996, p. 370.
  135. ^ Valtin 2004.
  136. ^ Valtin 2004, p. 528.
  137. ^ American Jewish Committee, ed. (1972). Commentary. Vol. 54. The Russian show trials, prior to which, for the sake of the record, the accused are broken by torture, are very similar to the first trials (the Rote Marine Prozess) staged under the Nazis ...
  138. ^ Colebrool, Joan (7 January 1972). "August 1939-A Memoir". Commentary Magazine.
  139. ^ Meyer, Gertrud (1971). Nacht über Hamburg: Berichte und Dokumente [Night over Hamburg: Reports and Documents]. Bibliothek des Widerstandes (in German). p. 27.
  140. ^ Valtin 2004, p. 530.
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  143. ^ Bajohr, Frank (1997). Arisierung in Hamburg. Die Verdrängung der jüdischen Unternehmer 1933–45 [Aryanization in Hamburg. The Expulsion of the Jewish Entrepreneurs 1933–45] (in German). Hamburg. p. 206.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  144. ^ Kreis, Georg; Krumeich, Gerd; Ménudier, Henri; Mommsen, Hans; Sywottek, Arnold, eds. (2000). Alfred Toepfer. Stifter und Kaufmann. Bausteine einer Biographie – Kritische Bestandsaufnahme [Alfred Toepfer. Donator and Merchant. Components of a Biography - A Critical Assessment] (in German).
  145. ^ Jauch 1996, pp. 369 and 386.
  146. ^ Koch, Peter (2012). Geschichte der Versicherungswirtschaft in Deutschland [History of the Insurance Sector in Germany] (in German). p. 350.
  147. ^ Bartz, Karl (1955). Die Tragödie der deutschen Abwehr [The tragedy of the German Restistance] (in German). p. 92Regarding the connections between the opposition group and the shareholders of Jauch & Hübener{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  148. ^ List of members of the 20 July plot
  149. ^ Löser, Jochen (1988). Bittere Pflicht: Kampf und Untergang der 76. Berlin-Brandenburgischen Infanterie-Division [Bitter Duty: Fight and Extinction of the 76. Berlin-Brandenburgischen Infanterie-Division] (in German) (2 ed.). biblio Verlag. p. 245.
  150. ISBN 1-56852-368-8
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  152. ^ "Distinguished Service Cross awarded to Captain Frederick Henry Taylor". Collections.rmg.co.uk. 1915-08-06. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
  153. ^ "Footage unveils U-boat secrets". BBC. 30 March 2009.
  154. ^ McIntosh, Lindsay (27 March 2009). "North Sea U-boat recovered ater 100 years". The Times.
  155. ^ Niemöller, Martin (1937). From U-boat to pulpit. Willett, Clark. p. 10.
  156. ^ "The Siege of Leningrad, 1941 – 1944". Eyewitnesstohistory.com. 1941-09-08. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
  157. ^
    ISBN 978-0465037070
    . More civilians died in the siege of Leningrad than in the modernist infernos of Hamburg, Dresden, Tokyo, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki, taken together.
  158. ^ Final resting place: block 2 row 47 grave 5257
  159. ^ Zedler 1740b, p. 1291.
  160. ^ a b May 1997, pp. 770–771.
  161. ^ "Metropolitan Archdiocese of Mohilev". Gcatholic.org. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
  162. ^ The Jewish Encyclopedia, Memorial Dates. p. 460.
  163. ^ Szewczyk, Grażyna; Dampe-Jarosz, Renata (2009). Eichendorff heute lesen [Reading Eichendorff Today] (in German). p. 158.
  164. ^ a b Danielewiczowa 1938a.
  165. ^ Manteufflowa 1973.
  166. ^ Niesiecki & Bobrowicz 1839–1845a.
  167. ^ Michałowska 1973b.
  168. ^ Michałowska 1973a.
  169. ^ Biernacki 1973.
  170. ^ Markiewicz 1996–1997.
  171. ^ Bokszczanin 1996–1997.
  172. ^ Jabłonowski 1937.
  173. ^ Brykczyńska, p. 54.
  174. ^ Brykczyńska, p. 52.
  175. ^ Brykczyńska, p. 104–105.
  176. ^ "et quorum pars parva fui" is a citation of an ironic annotation from The works of the Rev. Dr. Jonathan Swift ... Volume 13, edited by Thomas Sheridan, 1784, p. 370
  177. ^ "quaeque ipsa miserrima vidi, et quorum pars magna fui" (= and those terrible things I saw, and in which I played a great part)
  178. ^ Luchmann, p. 295.
  179. ^ Atti, Alessandro (1864). Della munificenza di sua santità Papa Pio IX, felicemente regnante [About the munificence of his Holiness Pope Pius IX, fortunately governing] (in Italian). p. 308f. Dilecto filio salutem et Apostolicam Benedictionem. Cum haud ignoramus, quae tue sit pietas, quaeque excellens picturae scientia, … Etsi non dubitamus, quin pro egregia tua religione, et peritia, omnes ingenii tui vires in ejusmodi opus perficiendum intentissimo studio sis collatturus, tamen cum nobis summopere cordi sint ea omnia, quae ad hominum pietatem fovendam conducere possunt, has tibi scribimus litteras, qui tibi stimulos addimus, ut omni alacritate in hoc suspecto labore persistens, … Atque interim a clementissimo bonorum omnium largitore Deo humiliter exposcimus, ut in abundnatia divinae suae gratiae tibi semper propitius adesse dignetur, acque praecipue paternae Nostrae in te caritatem testem Apostolicam Benedictionem Tibi ipsi, Delecte Filii, amanter impertimur.
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  185. ^ Richter-Nentwig 2008.
  186. ^ Although the Dakota is attributed to the architectural firm of Henry Janeway Hardenbergh Griebel designed and superintended the construction for Hardenbergh – Daniel Van Pelt: Leslie's History of the Greater New York, vol. 3, Arkell Publishing Company, 1898, p. 545 and 656.
  187. ^ Kallmann.
  188. ^ Joachim Mischke: Hamburg Musik! 2008, p. 66 ″der vermögende Hamburger Musikliebhaber Theodor Avé-Lallemant″
  189. ^ Avé-Lallemant, Benedikt: Rückblicke auf das Dritte Norddeutsche Musikfest zu Hamburg, Lübeck 1841
  190. ^ Hans-Joachim Hinrichsen: Musikalische Interpretation. Hans von Bülow, supplement to the Archiv für Musikwissenschaft vol. XLVI, Stuttgart (no year), p. 374
  191. ^ Pathetic Symphony: A Novel About Tchaikovsky, Kessinger Publishing, 2005
  192. ^ "www.brahms-institut.de/sammlung". Brahms-institut.de. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
  193. ^ H. P. Clive: Beethoven and his world: a biographical dictionary. 2001, S. 216.
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  195. ^ Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung, vol. 44, Breitkopf und Härtel 1842, p. 565.
  196. ^ Susan Youens: Schubert's Poets and the Making of Lieder, Neuauflage 1999, p. 108.
  197. ^ Stadler, Hans. "Jauch, Hans". Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS) (Historical Dictionary of Switzerland). Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  198. ^ Kälin, Urs. "Jauch". Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS) (Historical Dictionary of Switzerland). Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  199. ^ Smith, Jillaine. "From Germany to Buffalo & Cincinnati: Albert, Betz, Glunz, Jauch, Schmidt, Sess". Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  200. ^ Stadt Villingen-Schwenningen. "(Zeittafel für Schwenningen bis 1972 (Timtetable for Schwennigen until 1972)". Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  201. ^ Prösl, Monika (1977). Die Auswanderung aus Baden nach Nordamerika während der Hungersnöte 1816/17 und 1846/47 [The Emigration from Baden to North America during the famines 1816/17 and 1846/47] (in German).
  202. ^ Benzing, Otto. "31" (PDF). The Emigrants. The community sends the hungry ones to America. Stories from those who came from around the Neckar area. Vol. 2 (1 ed.). p. 1.[permanent dead link]
  203. ^ Schaier, Joachim (1991). Verwaltungshandeln in einer Hungerkrise: die Hungersnot 1846/47 im badischen Odenwald [Administrative actions in a hunger crisis: The hunger crisis 1846/47 in the Baden Odenwald] (in German). Deutscher Universitäts Verlag. pp. 285–287.
  204. ^ Jauch, Johannes; Jauch, Emma (1941). Ahnentafel der Familie Jauch 1523–1941 [Family Tree of the Jauch Family 1523–1941] (in German). Meißen.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  205. ^ Hein, Carola (24 January 2014). "Millionen-Spende von Günther Jauch" [Donation of a Million Euro by Günther Jauch]. Märkische Allgemeine (in German). Potsdam: Märkische Verlags- und Druckgesellschaft mbH Potsdam. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
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