Lebanese Turkmen
Lübnan Türkmenleri | |
---|---|
Total population | |
Turkish-Lebanese minority (only immigrants during late Ottoman rule): 80,000 (2011 estimate by Arabic (Lebanese Arabic) | |
Religion | |
Majority Sunni Islam | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Turkish diaspora |
Part of a series of articles on |
Turkish people |
---|
Lebanese Turkmen (
Today, many of the Turkish Lebanese community are the descendants of the Ottoman Turkish settlers to Lebanon from
Ottoman rule in Cyprus came to an end in 1914, when control of the island passed over the
In addition to the descendants of centuries-old Turkish communities, as well as more recent refugees, since the 20th century, Lebanon has attracted Turkish economic workers who have come from the
History
Tulunid rule (868–905)
Ikhshidid rule (935–969)
Seljuk rule (1037–1194)
Mamluk rule (1291–1515)
Assaf dynasty
The
In 1382, the Mamluk emir
Ottoman rule (1516–1918)
Turkish migration from Ottoman Anatolia
Lebanon became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1516, and Turks were brought into the region along with Sultan Selim I’s army during his campaign to Egypt and were settled in the conquered lands. Turkish colonists were encouraged to stay in Lebanon by being rewarded with land and money.[14]
Turkish migration from Ottoman Algeria
In 1830 many
Turkish migration from Ottoman Crete
The history of the
Modern migration
Turkish Cypriot brides (1910s–1950s)
Ottoman rule in Cyprus came to an end in 1914, when control of the island passed over the
Turkish Cypriot refugees from Palestine to Lebanon (1947–1949)
Approximately 4,000
Palestinian Turkmen refugees to Lebanon (1947–1949)
Mainland Turkish workers (1950s–present)
In the 1950s, thousands of
Syrian Turkmen refugees (2011–present)
In October 2015 the Syrian independent newspaper Zaman Al Wasl reported that 125,000 to 150,000 Syrian Turkmen refugees, who have escaped from the Syrian civil war, have settled in Lebanon, and hence they now outnumber the Turkish minority of Lebanon.[22]
Demographics
Population
Turkish minority (Ottoman descendants)
In 2011 Al Akhbar reported that the number of Turks in Lebanon who descend from settlers who arrived in the region during the late Ottoman period was 80,000.[1] This, however, does not include the descendants of the much earlier Turkish migrants to Lebanon.
Syrian Turkmen refugees
The Turkish-Lebanese population has increased significantly with the arrival of Syrian Turkmen refugees during the Syrian civil war. In 2015, there were approximately 120,000–150,000 Syrian Turkmen refugees in the country.[22] Approximately 90,000 Syrian Turkmen were living in Arsal.[23] By 2018, the number of Syrian Turkmen refugees throughout Lebanon had increased to approximately 200,000.[2]
Areas of settlement
The descendants of the early
Politics
The Turkish community is becoming more politically active by seeking better representation locally and support from the Turkish embassy in Beirut.[1]
Organisations
Established in 1997, the "Future Youth Association", located in Beirut's Witwat neighborhood, is the most active Turkish association in Lebanon. Because of confusion over its name with the Future Movement, its office sustained damage during the 7 May 2008 armed clashes in Beirut between pro-Hariri and pro-Hezbollah forces.[1] The Future Youth Association organises Turkish language classes in Beirut using teachers sent from Turkey’s Ministry of Education. The turnout for these classes have so far exceeded expectations, with many Lebanese of Turkish origin attending classes.[1]
Associations
- The Lebanese Turkish Cultural Association, established in 2010 in Eidmon and chaired by Kamal Maqsoud[25]
- The Lebanese Turkmen Association, established in 2012 and chaired by Ahmed Al-Turkmani[25]
- The Lebanese Turkish Brotherhood Association, established in 2012 in the town of Kouachra[25]
- Inmaa Hawara Turkmen Society, established in 2015 in Mejdlaya, headed by Muhammad Turkmani[25]
- Duras Social Charitable Society, established in 2006 in Baalbek and represented by Ali Ibrahim Ghurli[25]
Notable people
- Etel Adnan, poet and visual artist[26]
- Fawzi al-Qawuqji, military figure[27]
- Nour Al Hoda, actress
- Nour al Nimer, designer[28]
- Mostapha al-Turk, mixed martial artist
- Dina Al-Sabah, bodybuilder[29]
- LeMoyne-Owen College and Adjunct Professor for Islamic Studies at Memphis Theological Seminary[30]
- Safia Chamia, Tunisian singer and actress[31]
- Omar El-Turk, basketball player
- Samah Ghandour, broadcaster and actress
- Yasmine Ghata, French writer[32][33]
- Esma Chamly-Halwani, Professor[34]
- Eileen Hofer, Swiss filmmaker[35]
- Hussen Ibraheem, director[36]
- Skandar Keynes, British actor[37][38]
- Soumaya Keynes, British journalist and economist
- Khashoggi family (originally from Kayseri)
- Emad Khashoggi, businessman and part of the Saudi-Turkish Khashoggi family
- Nabila Khashoggi, businesswoman and part of the Saudi-Turkish Khashoggi family
- Vénus Khoury-Ghata, poet, writer and winner of the Miss Beirut beauty pageant[32]
- Amin Maalouf, writer[39]
- Ibrahim Maalouf, jazz trumpeter and composer
- Nassim Maalouf, trumpeter
- Maraachli family (originally from Maraş)
- Haya Maraachli, actress
- Ibrahim Maraachli, actor and comedian
- Lama Maraachli, actress
- Randa Maraachli, actress
- Tarek Maraachli, actor
- Huda Naamani, Feminist writer and artist[40]
- President of Syria (1926–28)[41]
- Jamal Sleem Nuweihed, writer[42]
- Bilal Aziz Özer, football player[43]
- Mouazzez Rawdah, artist[44]
- Ahmad Shukeiri, first Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization[45]
- Nadia Sirry, painter
- Rola Yammout, singer[46]
- Fathi Yakan, Islamic cleric
- Rose al Yusuf, actress and journalist[47]
- Nada Zeidan, rally driver[48]
- Nazih Zuhdi, world-renowned heart surgeon[49]
- Maher zain, Muslim Swedish R&B singer of Lebanese and Turkish origin[50]
See also
- Assaf dynasty
- Turkish minorities in the former Ottoman Empire
- Turkish diaspora
- History of Lebanon under Ottoman rule
- Lebanon–Turkey relations
References
- ^ a b c d e
Al-Akhbar. "Lebanese Turks Seek Political and Social Recognition". Al Akhbar. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 2012-03-02.
Erdogan's envoys were surprised to find out that Turks who immigrated 100 years ago today number nearly 80,000.
- ^ a b "Suriye Türkmenlerinin sorunlarına ilişkin gündem dışı konuşması". Grand National Assembly of Turkey. 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
Yaklaşık olarak 200 bin Türkmen'in Lübnan'da yaşadığı tahmin edilmektedir.
- ^ ISBN 273320145X
- ^ ISBN 9789963737345
- ^ Salibi 1959, pp. 121, 220 note 1.
- ^ Salibi 1959, pp. 119–120.
- ^ Salibi 1959, p. 220.
- ^ Harris 2012, p. 71.
- ^ Salibi 1959, p. 220, note 4.
- ^ a b c Harris 2012, p. 76.
- ^ Salibi, p. 103.
- ^ Salibi 1967, p. 148.
- ^ Salibi 1967, pp. 147–148.
- ^ Orhan 2010, 7.
- ^ a b c Orhan 2010, 13.
- ^ YDP GENEL BAŞKANI ARIKLI: "KIBRISLI KIZLARIN ARAPLARA SATILDIĞINI SÖYLEMEK KIBRIS TÜRKLÜĞÜNE HAKARETTİR", Merakli Gazete, 2018, retrieved 18 December 2020
- ^ Mert, Kadir; Ali-Aybar, Mehmet; Rize, Ekrem (1994), "Kıbrıslı Türk Kimliği", K.K.T.C. Milli Eğitim Ve Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, 97 (17): 95
- ^ Andreou, Evie (29 July 2018). "Searching for the missing brides of Cyprus". Retrieved 2019-09-10.
- S2CID 146127415.
- ^ Sabah. "Küçük adanın talihsiz kızları". Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ^ a b Today's Zaman. "Turkish migrants grieve for Beirut from exile". Retrieved 2012-03-02.
- ^ a b Ahmed, Yusra (2015), Syrian Turkmen refugees face double suffering in Lebanon, Zaman Al Wasl, retrieved 11 October 2016
- ^ "Lübnan'daki sığınmacı Türkmen ailelerin zorlu yaşam mücadelesi". Anadolu Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ a b c Orhan 2010, 8.
- ^ a b c d e Al-Akhbar (2020). "With Names and Instances: How Turkey Intervenes in Lebanon's Conflict". MENA Research Centre. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
- ^ An Artisan of Beauty and Truth:Etel Adnan in conversation with David Hornsby and Jane Clark, Beshara Magazine, 2019,
Etel: Well, my father was a Turk and a Muslim, and my mother was a Greek and a member of the Greek Orthodox Church, at a time when intermarriages were not common at all. He was a top officer and a classmate of Atatürk; they were at the military academy together. My father was already married with three children when he met my mother; he lived in Damascus and had his first family there. My mother was twenty years younger, and I was the only child of their marriage.
- ISBN 978-0863561764.
- Barron's, retrieved 19 December 2020,
Her lineage, like her designs, spans different cultures. She was born in Beirut to a Palestinian father, an art collector, and a Turkish mother, both of whom instilled a passion for exploring the world around her.
- ^ Body Building. "Sacrificing To Compete: An Interview With Dina Al-Sabah!". Retrieved 2012-03-02.
- ^ Harding University. "L.C. Sears Collegiate Seminar Series". Retrieved 2012-04-05.
Nabil A. Bayakly was born in Kumasi, Ghana in West Africa to Lebanese parents of Turkish descent
- ^ "Safia Chamia dies", Al Bawaba, 2004, retrieved 19 December 2020,
The famous Tunisian singer, Safia Chamia died last Thursday at the age of 73. The Tunisian cultural magazine Tunis Hebdo describes how she was actually born in Lebanon to an Algerian father and Turkish mother. Her talent was spotted by the famous Mohieddine Salem, the father of Najeh Salem.
- ^ ISBN 978-1943156764,
Ms. Ghata is the daughter of the renowned Turkish-Lebanese poet, Vénus Khoury-Ghata.
- ^ Julien, Par Bisson (2007), Yasmine Ghata: La romancière Yasmine Ghata tisse une belle histoire sur l'hérédité et ses conséquences, L'Express, retrieved 19 December 2020,
C'est décidément une affaire de famille. Révélée en 2004 avec La nuit des calligraphes, un premier roman plein de délicatesse où elle évoquait le souvenir de sa grand-mère paternelle, artiste turque portée sur les arabesques, Yasmine Ghata, fille de la romancière et poète Vénus Khoury-Ghata, prouvait par là même que le talent pouvait être héréditaire.
- ^ Today's Zaman. "In memory of Osman Selim and his service at Çanakkale". Retrieved 2012-04-05.
- ^ Dancing the Cuban dream, Union Bancaire Privée, retrieved 19 December 2020,
...the Swiss–Lebanese director with Turkish origins says...
- ^ Fahim, Joseph (2016). "Beirut's Horror, Sci-Fi Film Fest a Hit Success". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
Lebanese-Turkish director Hussen Ibraheem alludes...
- ^ SKANDAR KEYNES – Personal Facts. Skandar-keynes.com, 2008-07-31, retrieved 2011-07-18
- ^ "SKANDAR KEYNES: Biography". Royal Brunei Airlines. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
Skandar's father is of English descent and his mother is of Lebanese, as well as Persian and Turkish, ancestry.
- ISBN 978-0739168226,
born into a culturally composite family - his mother was Egyptian of Turkish origin, his father a Greek Catholic in 1949 in Lebanon...
- ISBN 978-0822340355,
One day, she [Houda Naamani] invited me along with a group of women from the "old bourgeoisie." Over tea and fruit they talked about the good old days, their Turkish grandparents, and the lost world of courtly etiquette…
- ISBN 0863721753.
Al-Damand was a man of Turkish origin, who could hardly speak Arabic...
- ISBN 1566564182,
Jamal Sleem Nuweihed (1907-91) was born in Lebanon to a Lebanese doctor and a Turkish mother.
- ^ Turkish Football Federation. "Bilal Aziz Özer". Retrieved 2012-04-05.
- ^ Khal 1988, 175.
- ^ Rogan 2009, 344.
- ^ "رولا يموت تنشر صورة بوضعية فاضحة والجمهور يرد بقسوة .. من هي رولا يموت؟". September 2021.
- ^ Al-Materi, Mohammed (2016), من قصص العشاق:"روز اليوسف" ... الصحافة... والرجال (1-3):تزوجت ثلاث مرات وأنجبت «إحسان عبد القدوس « الكاتب المصري المعروف, Al Chourouk, retrieved 6 September 2017,
وروز اليوسف (1897 - 1958)، ممثلة لبنانية من أصل تركي، ولدت في بيروت يتيمة الأم في أسرة مسلمة.
- ^ Women Arab sport drivers racing v taboos, The Arab Weekly, 2015, retrieved 19 December 2020,
Nada Zeidan, who was born in Lebanon and became one of the first female Arab rally drivers, says she and other women drivers can serve as role models. Born to a Qatari father and a Turkish mother, Zeidan rose to stardom, participating in numerous rallies around the Arab world.
- ^ Cosgrove, Jaclyn (2017), Heart transplant trailblazer Dr. Nazih Zuhdi remembered as 'fearless', The Oklahoman, retrieved 19 December 2020,
Zuhdi was born in Beirut, Lebanon, on May 19, 1925, the son of a Syrian ophthalmologist father and Turkish mother.
- ISBN 978-0-521-19509-6, retrieved 2020-12-29
Bibliography
- Bakhit, Muhammad Adnan (1982). The Ottoman province of Damascus in the sixteenth century. Librairie du Liban. ISBN 9780866853224.
- Harris, William (2012). Lebanon: A History, 600–2011. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195181111.
- Khal, Helen (1988), The Woman Artist in Lebanon, University of Michigan, ASIN B002UUYIRE.
- Orhan, Oytun (2010), The Forgotten Turks: Turkmens of Lebanon (PDF), ORSAM, archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03.
- Rogan, Eugene L. (2009), The Arabs: A History, Pennsylvania State University, ISBN 978-0-14-102469-1.
- Salibi, Kamal S. (1959). Maronite Historians of Medieval Lebanon. Beirut: American University of Beirut.
- Salibi, Kamal (June 1967). "Northern Lebanon under the Dominance of Ġazīr (1517–1591)". Arabica. 14 (2): 144–166. JSTOR 4055631.
- Salibi, Kamal S. (1988). A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520071964.
- Winter, Stefan (2010). The Shiites of Lebanon under Ottoman Rule, 1516–1788. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139486811.