List of Empire ships (Sa–Sh)
Hundreds of
Suffix beginning with S
Empire Sailor
Empire Salerno
Empire Salisbury
Empire Sally
Empire Sally was a 257 GRT
Empire Salmonpool
Empire Salmonpool was a 4,928 GRT cargo ship which was built by Irvines Shipbuilding & Drydock Co Ltd, West Hartlepool. Completed in 1924 as Salmonpool for Sir R Ropner & Sons. On 15 April 1940, she was in Saudafjord but attempted to escape. Captured by the Kriegsmarine and escorted to Trondheim, Norway. Renamed Putzig, seized in May 1945 at Bremerhaven, to MoWT and renamed Empire Salmonpool. Sold in 1947 to Kyriakides Shipping Co. London and renamed Irene K. Renamed White Lodge in 1955 and sold later that year to Maritime Transport Overseas SA, Panama and renamed Puntarenas. Scrapped in 1958 in Avilés, Spain.[3]
Empire Salvage
Empire Sam
Empire Sam was a 275 GRT tug which was built by Cochrane & Sons Ltd, Selby. Launched on 1 June 1942 and completed in September 1942. Allocated in 1945 to the Hong Kong Government. Sold in 1965 to Yau Wing Co, Hong Kong and renamed Yau Wing No 23. Sold in 1966 to Cheung Chau Shipping & Trading Co and renamed Fedredge Sam. Operated under the management of Mollers Ltd, Hong Kong. Scrapped in September 1967 in Hong Kong.[6]
Empire Sambar
Empire Samson
Empire Samson was a 261 GRT tug which was built by Goole Shipbuilding & Repairing Co Ltd,
Empire Sandboy
Empire Sandboy was a 512 GRT bucket dredger which was built by William Simons & Co Ltd, Renfrew. Launched on 15 December 1944 and completed in February 1945. Sold in 1948 to the Argentinian Government and renamed M O P 28-C. Renamed Stella Maris, 28-C in 1949 and M O P 28-C, Stella Maris in 1958. Removed from shipping registers in 1985.[9]
Empire Sandy
Empire Sandy is a schooner which was built as a 487 GRT tug by Clelands (Successors) Ltd, Wallsend. Launched on 22 December 1942 and completed in July 1943. Sold in 1948 to Risdon Beazley Ltd, Southampton and renamed Ashford. Sold in 1952 to Great Lakes Paper Co Ltd, Fort William, Ontario and renamed Chris M. Sold in 1979 to J E Rogers, Canada and renamed Empire Sandy. Sold in 1982 to Empire Sandy Inc, Canada and converted to a ferry. Converted in 1985 to a three-masted schooner.[10][11]
Empire Sapphire
Empire Sapphire was an 8,031 GRT tanker which was built by Furness Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Haverton Hill-on-Tees. Launched on 27 May 1941 and completed in July 1941. Sold in 1946 to the Anglo-American Oil Co Ltd and renamed Esso Saranac. Arrived on 25 January 1959 at Antwerp for scrapping.[12]
Empire Sara
Empire Sara was a 275 GRT tug which was built by Cochrane & Sons Ltd, Selby. Launched on 6 May 1943 and completed in August 1943. Sold in 1946 to Ellerman Wilson Line Ltd and renamed Presto. Sold in 1968 to United Towing Co Ltd. Resold later that year, arrived on 15 June 1968 at Blyth, Northumberland for scrapping.[13]
Empire Sarawak
Empire Saturn
Empire Saxon
Empire Saxon was a 8,129 tanker which was built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd., Wallsend. Launched on 29 March 1941 and completed in September 1941. To Norwegian Government in 1942 and renamed Norfjell. Sold to Skibsrederei A/S Ringfonn, Oslo in 1946 and renamed Nordfonn. New diesel engine in 1947. Sold to Mil Tankerei A/s in 1957 and renamed Norsk Jarl. Arrived at Bo'ness for breaking on 27 June 1960.[16]
Empire Sceptre
Empire Scott
Empire Scott was a 6,150 GRT cargo ship which was built by John Readhead & Sons Ltd, South Shields. Launched on 10 July 1941 and completed in August 1941. Sold in 1946 to Chine Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Walter Scott. Operated under the management of Anglo-Danubian Transport Co Ltd, London. Sold in 1960 to Lanena Shipping Co Ltd, Hong Kong and renamed Zafiro. Operated under the management of T Engan, Manila. Sold in 1961 to Sigma Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Oriental. Operated under the management of Trinity Development Co Ltd, Hong Kong. Scrapped in 1963 in Hong Kong.[18]
Empire Scout
Empire Seabank
Empire Seabank was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Goole Shipbuilding & Repairing Co Ltd, Goole. Launched on 23 November 1945 and completed in January 1946. Sold in 1946 to Middle East Coastal Services Ltd, Cyprus and renamed Halfaya. Sold in 1950 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Semantan. Sold in 1967 to Sharikat Perk Sendirian, Malaysia. Sold in 1960 to Keenan Shipping (Private) Ltd, Singapore and renamed Tropic Seas. Renamed Moon River in 1973 and reflagged to Panama. Sold in 1977 to River Navigation Co, Panama and renamed Success Star. Ran aground in January 1977 off Tumpat, Malaya and abandoned. The wreck was offered for sale and scrap in December 1979.[19]
Empire Seabeach
Empire Seabeach was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd,
Empire Seabird
Empire Seabird was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle. Launched on 26 June 1945 and completed in September 1945. Sold in 1947 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Stia. Sold in 1960 to Teck Hwa Shipping Co Ltd, Singapore and renamed Anli. Sold in 1965 to Kie Hock Shipping Co Ltd (owner: Tay Hock Gwan), Singapore. Sold to new Singapore based owners in 1972 and renamed Global Trader. Sold in 1974 to Lam Kok Shipping Co Ltd, Singapore and renamed Ever Faithful. Sold in 1981 to Sunrise Asia Shipping Co, Panama and renamed Blue Eagle.[21]
Empire Seablue
Empire Seablue was a 518 GRT coaster which was built by Clelands (Successors) Ltd, Wallsend. Launched on 28 July 1945 and completed in August 1945. Sold in 1950 to Instone Lines Ltd and renamed Seablue. On 13 February 1954, she struck the wreck of
Empire Seaboy
Empire Seaboy was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle. Launched in April 1945 and completed in June 1945. Sold in 1946 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Sirusa. Sold in 1967 to Sharikat Perk Sendirian, Malaya. Sold in 1971 to Samudera P T Perusahan Pelayaran Nusantata, Indonesia and renamed Darpo Lima.[20]
Empire Seabreeze
Empire Seabreeze was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle. Launched in April 1945 and completed in June 1945. Sold in 1947 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Senai. Sold in 1962 to Tiong Lam Hang Shipping Co Ltd, Hong Kong and renamed Changi. Sold later that year to Cosmos Shipping Co SA, Panama and renamed Mene. Sold in 1983 to Naviera Voluntad Société de RL, Honduras and renamed Mercury. Foundered on 23 December 1984 off Tumpat, Malaya (5°50′N 102°36′E / 5.833°N 102.600°E).[20]
Empire Seabright
Empire Seabright was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Goole Shipbuilding & Repairing Co Ltd, Goole. Launched on 8 October 1945 and completed in December 1945. Sold in 1949 to Overseas Fish Import Co Ltd and renamed Helen Seabright. Operated under the management of Great Yarmouth Shipping Co Ltd,
Empire Seabrook
Empire Seabrook was a 518 GRT coaster which was built by Shipbuilding Corporation, Newcastle upon Tyne. Launched on 28 March 1945 and completed in May 1945. Sold in 1947 to Coastal Carriers Ltd, Grimsby and renamed Legbourne. Operated under the management of Gillie & Blair Ltd. Sold in 1951 to Soon Bee Steamship Co and renamed Maston. Operated under the management of Heap Eng Moh Steamship Co, Singapore. Renamed Bee Tong later that year. Sold in 1959 to Guan Guan Ltd and renamed Singa Mas. Operated under the management of Chek Guan & Co, Singapore. Sold in 1964 to Transportes Maritime de San Blas SA, Panama and renamed Napoleon. Operated under the management of Guan Guan Shipping Co, Singapore. Sold c1973 to
Empire Seacoast
Empire Seacoast was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle. Launched in June 1945 and completed in October 1945. Sold in 1946 to Middle East Coastal Services Ltd, Cyprus and renamed Birhakim. Sold in 1949 to Indian General Navigation and Railway Co,
Empire Seafarer
Empire Seafarer was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Goole Shipbuilding & Repairing Co Ltd, Goole. Launched on 11 June 1945 and completed in July 1945. Sold in 1946 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Sumpitan. Scrapped in June 1965 in Singapore.[24]
Empire Seaflower
Empire Seaflower was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Goole Shipbuilding & Repairing Co Ltd, Goole. Launched on 21 September 1945 and completed in November 1945. Sold in 1946 to Middle East Coastal Services Ltd, Cyprus and renamed Mersamatruh. Sold in 1950 to the Middle East & Caribbean Shipping Co,
Empire Seafoam
Empire Seafoam was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Goole Shipbuilding and Repairing Co Ltd, Goole. Launched on 4 February 1946 and completed in July 1946. Sold in 1946 to Middle East Coastal Services Ltd, Cyprus and renamed Mareth. Sold in 1949 to
Empire Seaforth
Empire Seaforth was a 518 GRT coaster which was built by Shipbuilding Corporation, Newcastle upon Tyne. Launched in February 1945 and completed in March 1945. Sold in 1947 to Seaway Coasters Ltd and renamed Seaforth. Operated under the management of C Howard & Sons, London. Renamed Halfaya in 1951 and management passed to J Fisher & Sons,
Empire Seafront
Empire Seafront was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle. Launched in March 1945 and completed in May 1945. Sold in 1946 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Seramban. Scrapped in December 1965 in Singapore.[20]
Empire Seagrass
Empire Seagrass was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Goole Shipbuilding & Repairing Co Ltd, Goole. Launched and completed in September 1945. Sold in 1946 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Salong. Sold in 1962 to Kee Lee Shipping Co Ltd, Singapore and renamed Pulau Tekong. Sold in 1965 to Madam Dolly Seah, Singapore. Sold in 1968 to Ting Chu Ling, Sarawak.[24]
Empire Seagreen
Empire Seagreen was a 518 GRT coaster which was built by Clelands (Successors) Ltd, Wallsend. Launched on 6 September 1945 and completed in October 1945. Sold in 1950 to Instone Lines Ltd and renamed Seagreen. Sold in 1959 to H Harvey, Quebec, 'tween deck removed and renamed St Pierre, now 386 GRT. To Transport Maritime Harvey Ltee, Quebec in 1962. Replacement 1951-built diesel engine fitted in 1969. Sank on 9 May 1974 in the Lachine Canal, Montreal. Raised, scrapped in situ in June 1974.[26]
Empire Seagull
Empire Seagull was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle. Launched in May 1945 and completed in July 1945. Sold in 1947 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Serampang. Sold in 1967 to Sharikat Perk. Sendirian, Malaya. Sold in 1970 to Samudera P T Perusahan Pelayaran Nusantara, Indonesia and renamed Darpo Empat.[20]
Empire Seahawk
Empire Seahawk was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle. Launched in March 1945 and completed in May 1945. Sold in 1946 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Seramban. Scrapped in December 1965 in Singapore.[20]
Empire Seal
Empire Sealion
Empire Sealion was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle. Launched in July 1945 and completed in September 1945. Sold in 1947 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Serudom. Sold in 1962 to Tiong Lam Hang Shipping SA, Panama and renamed Jurong. Sold in 1967 to Cosmos Shipping Co Sa, Panama and renamed Soon Hong. Renamed Soon Lee in c1975, scrapped in March 1976 in Singapore.[30]
Empire Seaman (I)
Empire Seaman was a 1,927 GRT cargo ship which was built by Schiffs- und Dockbau, Lübeck. Completed in 1922 as Morea for Deutsche Levant Line, Hamburg. When war broke out, she took refuge at Vigo, Spain. Sailed on 10 February 1940 and sighted on 12 February 500 nautical miles (930 km) off the coast of Portugal by Hasty disguised as a Danish merchant ship. Attempts to scuttle her were foiled and she was captured and escorted to Falmouth. To MoWT and renamed Empire Seaman. Scuttled on 4 December 1940 as a blockship in a Channel port.[2]
Empire Seaman (II)
Empire Seaman was a 2,905 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Gray & Co Ltd, West Hartlepool. Launched on 17 July 1943 and completed in October 1943. Sold in 1946 to Burnett Steamship Co Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne and renamed Burnhope. Sold in 1961 to N Michalos & Sons Maritime Co Ltd, Greece and renamed Antonios Michalos. Struck a submerged object on 6 March 1968 at Brăila, Romania and ran aground. Refloated but with extensive damage to her stern. Arrived under tow on 17 April 1968 at Monfalcone, Italy where her cargo was discharged and she was declared a constructive total loss. Arrived under tow on 27 April 1968 at Trieste, Italy. Scrapped in May 1969 at Trieste.[31]
Empire Seaport
Empire Seaport was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle. Launched in August 1945 and completed in November 1945. Sold in 1946 to Middle East Coastal Services Ltd, Cyprus and renamed Eladem. Sold in 1949 to Pakistan River Steamers Ltd and renamed Torilla. Sold the next year to Rivers Steam Navigation Co Ltd, London. Sold in 1975 to Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Corp, Bangladesh and renamed C5-216.[30]
Empire Seascape
Empire Seascape was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Goole Shipbuilding & Repairing Co Ltd, Goole. Launched on 27 February 1945 and completed in April 1945. Sold in 1946 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Serdang. Sold in 1947 to Sharikat Perk. Sendirian, Malaya. Scrapped in March 1972 in Singapore.[24]
Empire Seasheltie
Empire Seasheltie was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle. Launched in February 1945 and completed in March 1945. Sold in 1947 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Selangor. Sold in 1967 to Sharikat Perk. Sendirian, Malaya. Scrapped in December 1967 in Singapore.[20]
Empire Seashore
Empire Seashore was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Goole Shipbuilding & Repairing Co Ltd. Launched on 17 March 1945 and completed in May 1945. Sold in 1945 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Scudai. Sold in 1967 to Sharikat Perk. Sendirian, Malaya. Sold in 1974 to Borneo Maritime Transport Corporation (Private) Ltd, Singapore and renamed Tropic Trader. To Borneo Maritime Transport (Sabah) Sendirian, Labuan in 1978 and renamed Scudai. Scrapped in 1968 in Singapore.[24]
Empire Seasilver
Empire Seasilver was a 518 GRT coaster which was built by Shipbuilding Corporation, Newcastle upon Tyne. Launched on 7 June 1945 and completed in August 1945. Sold in 1947 to Seaway Coasters Ltd and renamed Seasilver. Operated under the management of C Howard & Sons, London. Renamed Sidi Barrani in 1951 and management transferred to J Fisher & Sons, Barrow. Sold in 1955 to Savon & Ries (Ethiopian Shipping) Co, Massawa, Ethiopia and renamed Seiyun.[23]
Empire Seaspray
Empire Seaspray was to have been a 522 GRT coaster built by Goole Shipbuilding and Repairing Co Ltd but her construction was cancelled by the MoWT due to the cessation of hostilities.
Empire Seaview
Empire Seaview was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle. Launched in August 1945 and completed in October 1945. Sold in 1947 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Segamat. Scrapped in December 1966 in Singapore.[30]
Empire Seaward
Empire Seaward was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Goole Shipbuilding and Repairing Co Ltd, Goole. Launched on 12 April 1945 and completed in June 1945. Sold in 1946 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Senggarang. Sold in 1960 to Teck Hwa Shipping Co Ltd, Singapore and renamed Anho. Sold in 1965 to Kie Hock Shipping Co Ltd, Singapore. Sold in 1977 to Borneo Maritime Transport (Sabah) Sendirian, Lebuan and renamed Sabah.[24]
Empire Seaway
Empire Seaway was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Goole Shipbuilding and Repairing Co Ltd, Goole. Launched in April 1945 and completed in July 1945. Sold in 1946 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Sedili. Scrapped in September 1966 in Singapore.[24]
Empire Seaworthy
Empire Seaworthy was a 522 GRT coaster which was built by Goole Shipbuilding and Repairing Co Ltd, Goole. Launched on 27 August 1945 and completed in October 1945. Sold in 1946 to Middle East Coastal Services Ltd, Cyprus and renamed Sidibarrani. Sold in 1951 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Semenyih. Sold in 1967 to Sharikat Perk. Sendirian, Malaya. Scrapped in December 1971 in Singapore.[24]
Empire Sedge
Empire Sedley
Empire Selwyn
Empire Senlac
Empire Senlac was a 3,750 GRT tanker which was built by J L Thompson & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 27 June 1945 and completed in October 1945. Sold in 1946 to Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co Ltd and renamed Bullina. Sold in 1955 to Bulmar SpA Siciliana di Armamento, Italy and renamed Bulmar. Sold in 1967 to Compagnia Armamento Sicula Adriatica SpA, Italy and renamed Volina. Sold in 1969 to Maritime Aragua SA, Venezuela. Scrapped in March 1977 at Cartagena, Spain.[35]
Empire Sentinel
Empire Sentinel was a 683 GRT coaster which was built by G Seebeck AG, Bremerhaven. Completed in 1898 as Phaedra for Neptun Line, Bremen. On 14 January 1940 she was captured by the Royal Navy in the North Sea. To MoWT and renamed Empire Sentinel. Requisitioned in 1943 by the Admiralty, to Royal Navy and renamed HMS Rampant, a wreck dispersal ship. To MoWT in December 1946, sold in 1947 to Wizard Shipping Co, London and renamed Yiaghos. Arrested in 1948 due to unpaid debts, renamed Empire Sentinel. Sold to De Malglave Shipping Co and renamed Raymond Olivier. Sold in 1951 to Costa Rican Navigation Co, Honduras. Operated under the management of Italiana Commerciale Maritime, Italy. Renamed Mariapaolina in 1955, management passing to Framar SpA, Italy. Scrapped in January 1960 at Vado, Italy.[36]
Empire Seraph
Empire Seraph was a 129 GRT tug which was built by Cochrane & Sons Ltd, Selby. Launched on 25 October 1942 and completed in December 1942. Sold in 1947 to the Polish Government and renamed Bizon. Classed as non-seagoing in 1961 and name deleted from shipping registers.[37]
Empire Service
Empire Service was a 7,067 GRT cargo ship which was built by Lithgows Ltd, Port Glasgow. Launched on 20 May 1943 and completed in July 1943. Sold in 1945 to T & J Harrison and renamed Selector. Sold in 1960 to Compagnia Navigazione Margalante, Panama and renamed Margalante II. Arrived on 9 May 1961 at Hirao, Japan for scrapping.[38]
Empire Settler
Empire Settler was a 797 GRT coastal tanker built by Grangemouth Dockyard Co Ltd, Grangemouth. Launched on 11 October 1943 and completed in November 1943. Sold in 1947 to British Tanker Co Ltd and renamed Iran. Sold in 1958 to BP Tanker Co Ltd and renamed Widad. Sold in 1962 to N E Vernicos Shipping Co Ltd, Greece and renamed Motol VII. Scrapped in April 1968 at Piraeus, Greece.[39]
Empire Severn
Empire Severn was a 6,681 GRT cargo ship which was built by Harland & Wolff Ltd, Glasgow. Completed in 1914 as Egba for Elder, Dempster & Co. In 1943, her owners wished to scrap her due to mechanical problems but she was purchased by the MoWT and renamed Empire Severn. On 10 February 1946 she dragged her anchors and collided with SS Leighton in Holy Loch and was damaged. On 19 February she again broke free from her moorings and collided with Leighton. On 12 October 1946 she was scuttled northwest of the Hebrides with a cargo of obsolete chemical ammunition (58°18′N 09°37′E / 58.300°N 9.617°E).[40]
Empire Shackleton
Empire Shackleton was a 7,068 GRT CAM ship which was built by Lithgows Ltd, Port Glasgow. Launched on 23 July 1941 and completed in October 1941. Torpedoed on 28 December 1942 and sunk by U-225 at 43°23′N 27°14′W / 43.383°N 27.233°W.[41]
Empire Shearwater (I)
Empire Shearwater (II)
Empire Sheba
Empire Sheila
Empire Sheila was a 292 GRT tug which was built by Cochrane & Sons Ltd, Selby. Launched on 30 March 1945 and completed in September 1945. Sold in 1949 to Overseas Towage and Salvage Ltd and renamed Sheila. Sold in 1950 to Société Cher de Remorquage d'Assistance, Casablanca and renamed Sidi Belyout. A new diesel engine was fitted in 1956. Sold in 1960 to Rimini Sardi, Italy and renamed Tirso. New diesel engine fitted in 1978.[45]
Empire Shelter
Empire Shepherd
Empire Shepherd was a 2,066 GRT collier which was built by Grangemouth Dockyard Co, Grangemouth. Launched on 10 July 1944 and completed in October 1944. Sold in 1948 to Sheaf Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Sheaf Arrow. Operated under the management of W A Souter & Co Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne. Sold in 1956 to A Kjerland & Co A/S, Norway and renamed Eva. Sold in 1969 to Poul Christensen, Denmark. Scrapped in December 1969 at Antwerp, Belgium.[47]
Empire Shetland
Empire Shetland was an 813 GRT coaster which was built by A & J Inglis Ltd, Glasgow. Launched on 19 January 1945 and completed in April 1945. Sold in 1948 to Kuwait Oil Co Ltd and renamed Adib. Operated under the management of Anglo-Iranian Oil Co Ltd. Sold in 1952 to Shell Mex & BP Ltd and renamed BP Transporter. Scrapped in June 1965 in Antwerp, Belgium.[48]
Empire Shirley
Empire Shirley was a 235 GRT tug which was built by A Hall & Co Ltd, Aberdeen. Launched on 27 June 1945 and completed in August 1945. Sold in 1947 to Union Steamship Company of New Zealand and renamed Taphui. Sold to Fijian owners in 1973 and renamed Tui Tawate. Sold in 1974 to R Discomb, Fiji and renamed Tui Tuate. Sold in 1986 to C Griffiths, Wellington, New Zealand. At this time, she was laid up at Port Vila, Vanuatu. Intended to be converted to a floating restaurant but was in too poor a condition to be towed.[49]
Empire Shoal
Empire Shoal was an 878 GRT coaster which was built by Harland & Wolff Ltd, Govan. Launched on 13 February 1941 and completed in June 1941. Sold in 1946 to F T Everard & Sons Ltd and renamed Angularity. Sold in 1967 to G Tzortzis & others, Greece and renamed Elpis. Sprang a leak on 22 January 1968 and sank between
See also
The above entries give a precis of each ship's history. For a fuller account see the linked articles.
Sources
- Mitchell, W H; Sawyer, L A (1990). The Empire Ships (Second ed.). London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
References
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990.
- ^ a b c d Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 440.
- ^ a b Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 466.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 154.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 323.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 310.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 411.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 321.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 351.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 304.
- ^ http://www.empiresandy.com/index.php Archived 17 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine website
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 138.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 311.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 100.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 139.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 140.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 54.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 98.
- ^ a b c Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 257.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 260.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, pp. 260–61.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 240.
- ^ a b c Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 241.
- ^ a b c d e f g Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 256.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, pp. 256–57.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, pp. 240–41.
- ^ "Two New All-American Motorships". Pacific Marine Review. 19 (1). Pacific American Steamship Association / Shipowners' Association of the Pacific Coast: 45–46. January 1922. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- ^ "Trial of the M.S. Californian". Pacific Marine Review. 19 (7). Pacific American Steamship Association / Shipowners' Association of the Pacific Coast: 417–420. July 1922. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 423.
- ^ a b c Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 261.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, pp. 198–99.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 214.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 199.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 52.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 152.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, pp. 440–41.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 328.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 89.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 280.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 394.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 85.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 415.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 360.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 153.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 324.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 368.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 209.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 282.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 308.
- ^ Mitchell & Sawyer 1990, p. 236.