List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions
A number of histologic stains are used in the field of dermatology that aid in the diagnosis of conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system.
| Stain | Cell, material, and/or structure(s) stained | Condition(s) in which stain is positive |
|---|---|---|
| Actin-specific enolase | Infantile digital fibromatosis | |
| AE1/AE3 | Squamous cell carcinoma
| |
Alcian blue |
Mucopolysaccharidoses
| |
Alizarin red |
Calcinosis cutis | |
| Azure A | Mast cell | Mastocytosis |
| Bcl-2 | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type
| |
| Bcl-6 | Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma
| |
| BerEp4 | Basal cell carcinoma
| |
| Brown–Brenn | Eumycotic mycetoma
| |
| CAM 5.2 | Merkel cell carcinoma
| |
| CCR7 | Melanoma | |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | Eccrine gland |
Eccrine poroma
|
| CD1a | Langerhans cell | Langerhans cell histiocytosis Indeterminate cell histiocytosis |
| CD4 | Sézary syndrome
| |
| CD5 | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | |
| CD8 | Pagetoid reticulosis | |
CD10 |
Renal cell carcinoma | |
| CD15 | Hodgkin's disease
| |
| CD20 | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type
| |
| CD30 (Ki-1) | Hodgkin's disease
| |
| CD31 | Endothelial cell | Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
|
| CD34 | Dermal dendritic cell | Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
|
| CD38 | Plasma cell | Multiple myeloma Plasmablastic lymphoma Pagetoid reticulosis |
| CD44 | Merkel cell carcinoma
| |
| CD56 | Merkel cell carcinoma
| |
| CD68 | Giant cell reticulohistiocytoma
Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis Xanthoma disseminatum Rosai–Dorfman disease Atypical fibroxanthoma Melanoma | |
| CD79a | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type
| |
| CD117 | Mast cell | Mastocytosis |
| CD138 | Plasma cell | Multiple myeloma Plasmablastic lymphoma |
| CD207 (Langerin) | Langerhans cell | Langerhans cell histiocytosis |
| Chloracetate esterase (Leder) | Mast cell | Mastocytosis |
| Chromogranin A | Merkel cell carcinoma
| |
| Cystokeratin 7 | Paget's disease (breast and extramammary) | |
| Cytokeratin 20 | Merkel cell carcinoma
| |
| Colloidal iron | Papular mucinosis Scleredema Pretibial myxedema | |
| Congo red | Colloid milium
| |
| Crystal violet | Colloid milium
| |
| D2-40 | Lymphangioma circumscriptum | |
| de Galantha | Pseudogout
| |
| Dylon | Amyloidosis | |
Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) |
Eccrine gland Sebaceous gland |
Paget's disease extramammary Paget's disease Microcystic adnexal carcinoma Sebaceous carcinoma Renal cell carcinoma Schwannoma |
| Factor VIII | Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma
Angiosarcoma | |
| Factor XIII | Cutaneous focal mucinosis | |
| Factor XIIIa | Dermal dendritic cell | Dermatofibroma Epithelioid cell histiocytoma |
| Fite | Leprosy Nocardiosis[nb 1] | |
| Fontana-Masson | Cryptococcus neoformans | Cryptococcus |
| Giemsa | Mast cell | Mucopolysaccharidoses
|
| Gomori methenamine silver | Histoplasma capsulatum Blastomyces dermatitidis Coccidioides immitis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis |
Histoplasmosis Blastomycosis Coccidioidomycosis Paracoccidioidomycosis |
Gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15) |
Apocrine gland |
Extramammary Paget's disease of cutaneous origin |
| HAM56 | Histiocyte | Dermatofibroma |
HMB45 |
Gp100 (pmel17, silver protein) |
Melanoma[nb 2] |
| India | Cryptococcus neoformans | Cryptococcus |
| KP-1 | Histiocyte | Dermatofibroma |
| LYVE-1 | Kaposi's sarcoma | |
| MAC387 | Histiocyte | |
| MART-1 (MART-1) | Melanoma | |
| Masson's trichrome | Infantile digital fibromatosis | |
Mel-5 |
TYRP1 | Melanoma |
| Methylene blue | Mast cell | Mastocytosis Ochronosis |
| MIB-1 | Melanoma | |
| Muscle-specific actin | Glomus tumor Dermatofibroma Infantile myofibromatosis | |
| Neurofilament | Neurofibroma | |
| Neuro-specific enolase | Merkel cell carcinoma
| |
| Non-aqueous alcoholic eosin stain (NAES) | Pseudogout
| |
| Oil red O | Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum
Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn | |
| Peanut agglutinin | Basal cell carcinoma
| |
| Phosphotungsten acid-hematoxylin (PTAH) | Infantile digital fibromatosis | |
| Pogoda red | Amyloidosis | |
| Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) | Nerve sheath myxoma
| |
| Silver nitrate | Urate crystal | Gout |
| Sirius red | Amyloidosis | |
| Smooth muscle actin (SMA) | Angiomyxoma
Leiomyosarcoma | |
| SOX10 | Neuroectodermal neoplasms of neural crest origin, especially:[1] | |
| Sudan IV | Leprosy | |
| Sudan black | Sebaceous carcinoma | |
| Synaptophysin | Merkel cell carcinoma
| |
S100 |
Eccrine gland |
Nerve sheath myxoma (Cellular neurothekeoma)
Extraskeletal chondroma |
| Thioflavin T | Colloid milium
| |
| Toluidine blue | Mast cell | |
| Tryptase | Mast cell | Mastocytosis |
| Tyrosinase | Tyrosinase | Melanoma |
| Ulex eropaeus agglutinin | Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma
| |
| VEGF-3 | Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma
| |
| VEGFR-3 | Kaposi's sarcoma | |
| Verhoeff van Gieson | Collagen Elastin |
Perforating periumbilical calcific elastosis
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum |
| Vimentin | Non-specific mesenchymal components | Pleomorphic fibroma of the skin
Epithelioid cell histiocytoma |
| von Kossa | Calcium | Calcinosis cutis Pseudoxanthoma elasticum |
| Wade | Leprosy | |
Wright |
Blood cells | Transient neonatal pustular melanosis[nb 3] Erythema toxicum neonatorum[nb 4]> Granuloma inguinale |
| Ziehl–Neelsen_stain | Leprosy[nb 1] |
Footnotes
- ^ a b The Ziehl-Neelson stain is positive in leprosy but notable for being negative with nocardiosis. Fite stain is positive in leprosy and nocardiosis.
- ^ Melanoma stains positive with HMB45 with the exception of desmoplastic melanoma.
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
See also
- List of conditions associated with café au lait macules
- List of contact allergens
- List of cutaneous conditions associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer
- List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy
- List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins
- List of cutaneous neoplasms associated with systemic syndromes
- List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins
- List of dental abnormalities associated with cutaneous conditions
- List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions
- List of genes mutated in pigmented cutaneous lesions
- List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions
- List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions
- List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions
- List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system
- List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions
- List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system
- List of target antigens in pemphigoid
- List of target antigens in pemphigus
- List of verrucous carcinoma subtypes
References
- ^ Nat Pernick. "Stains - SOX10". Pathology Outlines. Topic Completed: 1 February 2014. Revised: 20 September 2019