Maritime Silk Road

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the historic Maritime Silk Road. For the Chinese sea route infrastructure initiative, see 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. For other uses, see Maritime Silk Road (disambiguation).
The map of the Maritime Silk Road

The Maritime Silk Road or Maritime Silk Route

Arab traders in the Arabian Sea and beyond.[4]: 13  The network followed the footsteps of older maritime networks in Southeast Asia,[5][6][7][8] as well as the maritime spice networks of Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka, India, and the Indian Ocean, coinciding with these ancient maritime trade roads by the current era.[9][10]

History

Further information: Mandala (political model), Sinosphere, Indosphere, Greater India, Mandala, and History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia
Austronesian proto-historic and historic maritime trade network in the Indian Ocean[11]
Historic Indosphere cultural influence zone of Greater India for transmission of elements of Indian culture as well as adoption of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Indian architecture.[12]

The Maritime Silk Road is a relatively new trading network compared to other historical networks of Asia. The

Southern India by around 1000 to 600 BCE.[9][10]
These networks of jade and spice would later help establish the Maritime Silk Road, which slowly began by 200 BCE, but only flourished later on, coinciding with existing and older trade networks.

Austronesian

Tonkin Gulf. Several trading ports thrived in the area, and the region of Jiaozhi (Northern Vietnam), in particular, accumulated enormous wealth.[14]

Tang records indicate that Srivijaya, founded at Palembang in 682 CE, rose to dominate the trade in the region around the straits and the South China Sea emporium by controlling the trade in luxury aromatics and Buddhist artifacts from West Asia to a thriving Tang market.[4]: 12  Chinese records also indicate that the early Chinese Buddhist pilgrims to South Asia booked passage with the Austronesian ships that traded in Chinese ports. Books written by Chinese monks like Wan Chen and Hui-Lin contain detailed accounts of the large trading vessels from Southeast Asia dating back to at least the 3rd century CE.[15]

Austronesians
.

Prior to the 10th century, the route was primarily used by Southeast Asian traders, although

Arab dhow traders ventured into the routes, leading to the earliest spread of Islam into Southeast Asian polities.[4]

The 17th-century Selden Map, showing trade routes across the Far East, especially Southeast Asia, made by Chinese merchants possibly in Manila, where the British had originally taken the map from

By the 10th to 13th centuries, the

Hoi An, then Champa, and then on to Pahang, and then with another route heading past Penghu towards a point northwest by Manila
.

After a brief cessation of Chinese trade in the 14th century due to internal famines and droughts in China, the

Sinocentric views at the time of viewing "trade as tribute", although ultimately Zheng He's expeditions were successful in their goal of establishing trade networks with Malacca, the regional successor of Srivijaya.[4]

Aichi
, Japan.
Global Trade Routes of the Spanish and Portuguese Empire

By the 16th century, the

Chinese yuan, Japanese yen, Korean won, Philippine peso, Malaysian ringgit, French Indochinese piastre, etc. since it was widely traded across the Far East in the East Indies
and East Asia.

The Qing dynasty initially continued the Ming philosophy of viewing trade as "tribute" to the court. However, increasing economic pressure finally forced the

Hokkien people.[4]

Archaeology

The evidence of naval trade activities were shipwrecks recovered from the Java Sea — the Arabian dhow Belitung wreck dated to c. 826, the 10th century Intan wreck, and the Western-Austronesian vessel Cirebon wreck dated to the end of the 10th century.[4]: 12 

Extent

The trade route encompassed numbers of seas and ocean; including

Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago
.

World Heritage nomination

In May 2017, experts from various fields have held a meeting in London to discuss the proposal to nominate "Maritime Silk Route" as a new

One Belt One Road plan.[17][18]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-1-4331-7040-9
    .
  2. ^ "Maritime Silk Road". SEAArch.
  3. ISBN 978-90-4855-242-9
    .
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Guan, Kwa Chong (2016). "The Maritime Silk Road: History of an Idea" (PDF). NSC Working Paper (23): 1–30.
  5. ^
    ISSN 1835-1794.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link
    )
  6. ^ a b c Turton, M. (17 May 2021). "Notes from central Taiwan: Our brother to the south". Taipei Times. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  7. ^ a b c Everington, K. (6 September 2017). "Birthplace of Austronesians is Taiwan, capital was Taitung: Scholar". Taiwan News. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  8. ^
    ISBN 978-971-94292-0-3
    .
  9. ^
    ISBN 9781588395245
    .
  10. ^
    ISBN 978-0415100540
    .
  11. ISBN 9783319338224
    .
  12. ISBN 0-203-39126-8
    .
  13. S2CID 140665305
    .
  14. ISBN 9780812205022
    .
  15. ISBN 9780199271863
    .
  16. ^ "UNESCO Expert Meeting for the World Heritage Nomination Process of the Maritime Silk Routes". UNESCO.
  17. ^ a b Cultural Selection: The Early Maritime Silk Roads and the Emergence of Stone Ornament Workshops in Southeast Asian Port Settlements. UNESCO.
  18. ^ a b Everington, K. (7 December 2020). "Taiwanese banned from all UNESCO events". Taiwan News. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  19. ^ "Taiwanese shut out of UNESCO events - Taipei Times". Taipei Times. 7 December 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
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