Oroks

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Oroks
Alternative names:
Orok, Ul'ta, Ulcha, Uil'ta, Nani

Ульта, Ульча, Уильта, Нани
Ethnic flag of the Orok
Group of Uilta people
Total population
c. 360 (est.)
Regions with significant populations
Russia   Nanai, Oroch, Udege

Oroks (Ороки in

Furthermore, Orok people live on the island of Hokkaido, Japan – in 1989, there was a community of about 20 people near the city of Abashiri. Their number is currently unknown.^[8][9]

History

Orok oral tradition indicates that the Oroks share history with the

The

The Oroks share cultural and linguistic links with other Tungusic peoples, but before the arrival of Russians, they differed economically from similar peoples due to their herding of reindeer. Reindeer provided the Oroks, particularly in northern Sakhalin, with food, clothing, and transportation. The Oroks also practiced fishing and hunting. The arrival of Russians has had a major effect on Orok culture, and most Oroks today live sedentary lifestyles. Some northern Oroks still practice semi-nomadic herding alongside vegetable farming and cattle ranching; in the south, the leading occupations are fishing and industrial labor.^[9]

Men of Oroks
From a book written by Mamiya Rinzō & Murakami Teisuke（1810, Japan）.

Women of Oroks
From a book written by Mamiya Rinzō & Murakami Teisuke（1810, Japan）.

Rites of passage

The Orok boys, when it came of time, would usually participate in a Sturgeon Hunt, usually hunting for the Beluga or Kaluga Sturgeon variants. This involved a lone Orok going out, with only a small supply of food (usually enough to last him a week) and armed with a special type of spear. Once the sturgeon was killed, the hunter would take one of the predator's teeth and carve a mark in his forehead or arm, which indicated that the hunt was successful. Due to the fish's size, strength and fierceness, failure to successfully kill the Sturgeon usually resulted in the hunter's death.

Notes

References

• Missonova, Lyudmila I. (2009). The Main Spheres of Activities of Sakhalin Uilta: Survival Experience in the Present-Day Context. Sibirica: Interdisciplinary Journal of Siberian Studies, 8:2, 71–87. Abstract available here (retrieved November 9, 2009).
• Ороки. -- Народы Сибири, Москва—Ленинград 1956.
• Т. Петрова, Язык ороков (ульта), Москва 1967.
• А. В. Смоляк, Южные ороки. -- Советская этнография 1, 1965.
• А. В. Смоляк, Этнические процессы у народов Нижнего Амура и Сахалина, Москва 1975.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orok people.

• Oroks in the
  Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire