Ingiloy people
Total population | |
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12,000 | |
Languages | |
Georgian Orthodox Christianity |
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Georgians ქართველები |
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Ingiloys
History
According to traditional accounts, the name of the Heretians (that is of Ingiloys) originates from the legendary patriarch "Heros", the son of
During the
In the early 17th century, Shah
After 1801, when the Kingdom of
Population
Demographics
1926[5] | 1939[6] | 1959[7] | 1970[8] | 1979[9] | 1989[10] | 1999[11] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9500 | 10 196 | 9526 | 13 595 | 11 412 | 14 197 | 14 900 |
Census 2009
As of the census of 2009, the number of Georgians fell to a record low of 9,900 people. Most of them live in the Qax district (7,447 people) or in the city of Baku (2,226 people).[12]
Geographical distribution
The majority of the Ingiloys today live in an area they call
Country | Concentration |
---|---|
Azerbaijan |
Muslim Ingiloys: Zaqatala District: Əliabad and Mosul
Balakan District: İtitala Christian Ingiloys: Qakh District: Qax İngiloy, Böyük Alatəmir, Qaxbaş, Əlibəyli, Meşəbaş, Xələftala, Qarameşə |
Religion
By religion, Ingiloys are mostly Sunni Muslim with a minority practicing Orthodox Christians.[13] As a result of missionary activities of the Orthodox Christianity Restoration Society, some Ingiloys converted to Christianity in 1860, and even creating 12 laities, but in 1863 most of those who converted, later reverted to Islam.[14][15]
Most Ingiloys are Sunni Muslims.[13][16] They converted in the 17th century via Lezghin and Ottoman influence.[16]
There are only[
Culture
In the village Alibeyli, there is Qakh State Georgian Drama Theatre. In 2009, documentary called "Ingiloys", dedicated to history, culture, traditions of this ethnic group was filmed in Azerbaijanfilm.[18]
There are seven Georgian schools in Saingilo, while four Azerbaijani schools have Georgian sectors.[19] Georgian language teachers are hired by education authorities of Zaqatala and Qax districts.[20]
Traditional clothing
The women's traditional costume consisted of a long shirt, trousers, an apron, an archaluk, and a headdress. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the traditional costumes were fully preserved, even up until 1930s. The traditional costume of the Ingiloys are very similar to the costumes of the neighbouring Azerbaijanis, Tsakhurs and Avars inhabiting the Balakan, Zaqatala and Qakh districts. Local and factory-made fabrics were used to make clothing in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Woolen fabrics of local production were widely marketed. The villages of Muxax, İlisu, and Sarıbaş were most famous for the production of woolen fabrics (shawls). For sewing clothes, the population also bought factory fabrics, mainly cotton and silk. A significant place was occupied by silk fabrics of the local Azerbaijani production.
Vernacular architecture of the Ingiloy Georgians
Types of Dwellings
The most ancient type of dwelling used by Georgians would be the "darbazi" type house. Analogues dwelling of the darbazi type house were common in Saingilo too. The erdoiani - akariani dwellings represent the same types of houses but with some changes. The composition of the erdoiani - akariani dwellings resemble the design of Kartlian Darbazi houses. The erdoiani - akariani houses have lost the importance of the "mother pillar" ("dedabodzi" in Georgian) that Darbazi type houses have, instead the pillars in erdoiani - akarani dwellings simply just act as a support. Wooden houses were common in Saingilo. The design of wooden houses was similar to the Erdoiani Akarani houses. The wooden houses in Saingilo have peculiar parallels with the houses found in Colchis, the far western black sea regions of Georgia. However most commonly Ingilo houses are made of bricks and stone.
Other structures
Gates (Darvaza) were one of the most important features on the Ingilo farmstead. Often the wooden parts of the Darvaza were decorated with carvings and fretwork.
Since olden times farm buildings of the following types have been popular in Saingilo: cattle - shed ("cow - house"), "kasrbegeli" (barrel - barn), hayloft, wine cellar, mills, etc. First the housing for livestock was separated from the dwelling "karami" and it was called "cow - house". As for the tradition of storing grain, it is still retained by "akari" and that is why even today it has not lost its original function. This is the reason why in farmsteads of Saingilo you can hardly find a maize granary, barn, "khula" (place where food products are stored), etc.
Ornamental work
Wood carving was a common form of decorating a house. There were two main types of carving utilised by the Ingiloys. The first was carving on to a blank background and the second was wooden fretwork. The first variety of wood carving was usually used in interiors of houses, namely while decorating the "dedabodzi", small shelves ("Korte") and shrines. The second technique of fretting was used most commonly for banisters and on the gate to the farmstead, "Darvaza". Patterns used in Ingiloy wood carvings are common in other Georgian ethnographic groups such as the Borjgali.Stone carving is also present in Ingilo traditional architecture. Churches were often adorned with stone carvings.
Notable Ingiloys
- Mose Janashvili (1855–1934), Georgian historian, ethnographer, and linguist.
See also
Notes
References
- ^ "Ингилойцы". Брокгауз-Ефрон., alternatively known as Heretians or Hers (Georgian: ჰერები)
- ^ Ingilos World Culture Encyclopedia.
- ^
Ronald, Wixman (1984). The peoples of the USSR: an ethnographic handbook. M.E. Sharpe. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-87332-506-6. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
- ^ a b georgiatoday.ge Archived 2021-02-04 at the Wayback Machine Georgian Churches in Azerbaijan
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1926 года. Национальный состав населения по регионам республик СССР". «Демоскоп». Archived from the original on 2012-02-10. Retrieved 2011-02-10.
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1939 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР". «Демоскоп».
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1959 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР". «Демоскоп».
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1970 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР". «Демоскоп».
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР". «Демоскоп».
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР". «Демоскоп». Archived from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2011-02-10.
- ^ "Этнический состав Азербайджана (по переписи 1999 года)". «Демоскоп».
- ^ pop-stat.mashke.org Ethnic composition: 2009 census in Azerbaijan
- ^ ISBN 978-1-136-14266-6.
- ^ "Миссионерские общества". Брокгауз-Ефрон.
- ^ Gnolidze-Swanson, Manana (2003), "Activity of the Russian Orthodox Church Among the Muslim Natives of the Caucasus in Imperial Russia". Caucasus and Central Asia Newsletter (UC-Berkeley), Issue 4 Archived 2013-06-20 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 9-20.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-253-33958-4.
- ^ patriarchate.ge Archived 2019-11-16 at the Wayback Machine ხორნაბუჯისა და ჰერეთის ეპარქია
- ^ "В Азербайджане снят фильм про ингилойцев". vesti.az. October 9, 2009. Archived from the original on March 8, 2012. Retrieved February 10, 2011.
- ^ Ministry of Education, Science, Culture And Sport of Georgia "Textbooks handed over to Georgian Schools in Azerbaijan" mes.gov.ge
- ^ Council of Europe: Secretariat of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Fourth Report submitted by Azerbaijan pursuant to Article 25, paragraph 2 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (Received on 10 January 2017), 10 January 2017, ACFC/SR/IV(2017)002
Bibliography
- Akiner, Shirin (1986). Islamic Peoples of the Soviet Union: An Historical and Statistical Handbook. 2nd ed., 251–252. London: KPI.
- Bennigsen, Alexandre, and S. Enders Wimbush (1986). Muslims of the Soviet Empire: A Guide, 208–209. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Changashvili, G. Z. (1970). Saingilo: Geographic-historical Study (in Georgian). Tbilisi.
- Dumbadze, M. (1953). Iz istorii Vostochnoi Kakhetii (Saingilo) (From the history of Eastern Kakheti [Saingilo]). Tbilisi.
- von Plotto, A. (1870). "Priroda i liudi Zakatal'skogo okruga" (Ecology and people of the Zakatal district). Sbornik Svedenii o Kavkazskikh Gortsakh (Tbilisi) 4.
External links
- Şirinbəy Hacıəli (2007), Şimal- Qərbi Azərbaycan: İngiloylar (I kitab: ən qədim zamanlardan XIII əsrin ortalarınadək) (in Azerbaijani)