The Unification Church and politics
Since its founder's start in advocating for the
In the 1950s and 80s, the Unification Church set up media companies, research centers, and educational institutions that focused on anti-communist ideologies. The media heavily criticizeed them for possibly leading to nuclear war.
The Unification Church has distinct teachings on politics as depicted in its central book, the
Furthermore, the movement's connections and activities in Japan garnered attention when the son of a member of the Unification Church was implicated in the assassination of former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in 2022.[8][9][10] In the United States, the involvement of Moon's son, Hyung Jin Moon, in the January 6 United States Capitol attack,[11] was another instance that highlighted the Church's engagement in political affairs.
1940s and early anti-Communism
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In the 1940s, Moon cooperated with
In 1964, he founded the
Moon viewed the
1970s–1980s
In 1972, Moon predicted the decline of
In 1976, Moon established News World Communications, an international news media conglomerate which publishes The Washington Times newspaper in Washington, D.C., and newspapers in South Korea, Japan, and South America, partly in order to promote political conservatism. According to The Washington Post, "the Times was established by Moon to combat communism and be a conservative alternative to what he perceived as the liberal bias of The Washington Post."[19] Bo Hi Pak, called Moon's "right-hand man", was the founding president and the founding chairman of the board.[20] Moon asked Richard L. Rubenstein, a rabbi and college professor, to join its board of directors.[21] The Washington Times has often been noted for its generally pro-Israel editorial policies.[22] In 2002, during the 20th anniversary party for the Times, Moon said: "The Washington Times will become the instrument in spreading the truth about God to the world."[19]
In 1980, members founded
In 1980, members in Washington, D.C., disrupted a protest rally against the United States
In 1983, some American members joined a public protest against the
1990s
In April 1990, Moon visited the
In 1994 the
In 1995, the former U.S. President George H. W. Bush and his wife, Barbara Bush, spoke at a Unification Church event in the Tokyo Dome.[47] "If as president I could have done one thing to have helped the country more," Mr. Bush told the gathering, "it would have been to do a better job in finding a way, either through speaking out or through raising a moral standard, to strengthen the American family."[48] Hak Ja Han, the main speaker, credited her husband with bringing about Communism's fall and declared that he must save America from "the destruction of the family and moral decay."[49]
In 2000 Moon founded the World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (WANGO), which describes itself as "a global organization whose mission is to serve its member organizations, strengthen and encourage the non-governmental sector as a whole, increase public understanding of the non-governmental community, and provide the mechanism and support needed for
In 2003, Korean Unification Church members started a political party in South Korea. It was named "The Party for God, Peace, Unification, and Home." In an inauguration declaration, the new party said it would focus on preparing for the reunification of the South and North Korea by educating the public about God and peace. A church official said that similar political parties would be started in Japan and the United States.[53]
Moon was a member of the Honorary Committee of the
Korean unification
In 1991, Moon met with
In 1998, Unification movement-related businesses launched operations in North Korea with the approval of the government of South Korea, which had prohibited business relationships between North and South before.[60] In 2000, the church-associated business group Tongil Group founded Pyeonghwa Motors in the North Korean port of Nampo, in cooperation with the North Korean government. It was the first automobile factory in North Korea.[61]
During the presidency of George W. Bush, Dong Moon Joo, a Unification movement member and then president of The Washington Times, undertook unofficial diplomatic missions to North Korea in an effort to improve its relationship with the United States.[62] Joo was born in North Korea and is a citizen of the United States.[63]
In 2003, Korean Unification Movement members started a political party in South Korea. It was named The Party for God, Peace, Unification and Home. In its inauguration declaration, the new party said it would focus on preparing for Korean reunification by educating the public about God and peace.[64] Moon was a member of the Honorary Committee of the Unification Ministry of the Republic of Korea.[65] Church member Jae-jung Lee was a Unification Minister of the Republic of Korea.[66]
In 2010, in Pyongyang, to mark the 20th anniversary of Moon's visit to Kim Il-sung,
In 2012, Moon was posthumously awarded North Korea's
Unification Church practices in Japan
The Japanese government certified the UC as a religious organisation in 1964; the Agency for Cultural Affairs classifies the UC as a Christian organisation.[75] Since then the government was unable to prevent the UC's activities because of the freedom of religion guaranteed in the Constitution of Japan, according to Mitsuhiro Suganuma , the former section head of the Public Security Intelligence Agency's Second Intelligence Department.[76]
According to historians, up to 70% of the UC's wealth has been accumulated through outdoor fundraising rounds.
Moon's theology teaches that his homeland Korea is the "Adam country", home of the rulers destined to control the world. Japan is the "fallen Eve country". The dogma teaches Eve had sexual relations with Satan and then seduced Adam, which caused mankind to fall from grace (original sin), while Moon was appointed to bring mankind to salvation. Japan must be subservient to Korea.[78][79] This was used to encourage their Japanese followers into offering every single material belonging to Korea via the church.[80]
According to journalist Fumiaki Tada and other former UC followers, the conditions for Japanese followers to participate in the UC's mass wedding were substantially more difficult than Korean people, on grounds of "Japan's sinful occupation of Korea" between 1910 and 1945. In 1992, each Japanese follower needed to successfully bring three more people into the church, fulfill certain quota of fundraising by selling the church's merchandise, undergo a 7-day long fasting, and pay an appreciation fee of 1.4 million yen. For Korean people, the fee for attending the mass wedding was 2 million won (about 200 thousand yen in September 2022). Most Korean attendees were not followers of the church to begin with, as UC considered it was an honour for a Japanese woman to be married to a Korean man, like an abandoned dog being picked up by a prince. If the Japanese followers wanted to leave their partners of the mass wedding or the church, they would be told that they be damned to the "hell of hell".[81][82]
In 1987, about 300 lawyers in Japan set up an association called the National Network of Lawyers Against Spiritual Sales (Zenkoku Benren) to help victims of the UC and similar organisations.[83][84] According to statistics compiled by the association's lawyers between 1987 and 2021, the association and local government consumer centers received 34,537 complaints alleging that UC had forced people to make unreasonably large donations or purchase large amounts of items, amounting to about 123.7 billion yen.[85] According to the internal data compiled by the UC which leaked to the media, the donation by the Japanese followers between 1999 and 2011 was about 60 billion yen annually.[86]
Relationship between Abe's family and the Unification Church
Abe, as well as his father
Nobusuke Kishi's postwar political agenda led him to work closely with
Moon's organisations, including the UC and the overtly political IFVOC, were financially supported by Ryoichi Sasakawa and Yoshio Kodama.[90]
When the UC still had a few thousand followers, its headquarters was located on land once owned by Kishi in Nanpeidaichō, Shibuya, Tokyo, and UC officials frequently visited the adjacent Kishi residence. By the early 1970s, UC members were being used by the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) as campaign workers without compensation. LDP politicians were also required to visit the UC's headquarters in South Korea and receive Moon's lectures on theology, regardless of their religious views or membership. In return, Japanese authorities shielded the UC from legal penalties over their often-fraudulent and aggressive practices.[89] Subsequently, the UC gained much influence in Japan, laying the groundwork for its push into the United States and its later entrenchment.[91]
Such a relationship was passed on to Kishi's son-in-law, former foreign minister Shintaro Abe, who attended a dinner party held by Moon at the Imperial Hotel in 1974. In the US, the 1978 Fraser Report – an inquiry by the US Congress into American–Korean relations – determined that, Kim Jong-pil, founder and director of the Korean C.I.A. an associate of Yoshio Kodama[90] and from 1971 to 1975 Prime Minister of South Korea, had "organized" the UC in the early 1960s and was using it "as a political tool" on behalf of authoritarian President Park Chung Hee and the military dictatorship.[92] In 1989, Moon urged his followers to establish their footing in Japan's parliament, then install themselves as secretaries for the Japanese lawmakers, and focus on those of [Shintaro] Abe's faction in the LDP. Moon also stressed that they must construct their political influence not only in the parliament, but also on Japan's district level.[93]
Shinzo Abe continued this relationship, and in May 2006, when he was Chief Cabinet Secretary, he and several cabinet ministers sent congratulatory telegrams to a mass wedding ceremony organised by the UC's
On 8 July 2022 around 11:30 JST,
On October 1, 2023, the Japanese government began to pursue an attempt to dissolve the Unification Church in Japan.[110]
After the death of Moon
In spring 2021, the chairman of the UPF's Japanese branch, Masayoshi Kajikuri , called Abe and asked if the latter would consider speaking before an upcoming UPF rally in September if former US president Donald Trump also attended.[108][111] Abe replied that he had to accept the offer should that be the case; he formally agreed to his participation on 24 August 2021. At the September rally, held ten months before the assassination, Abe stated to Kajikuri that, "The image of the Great Father [Moon] crossing his arms and smiling gave me goosebumps. I still respectably remember the sincerity [you] showed in the last six elections in the past eight years." Kajikuri claimed that he originally invited three unnamed former Japanese prime ministers, but was turned down due to concern of being used as poster boys for UC's mission.[112][113]
According to research by Nikkan Gendai, ten out of twenty members in the Fourth Abe Cabinet had connections to the UC,[114] but these connections were largely ignored by Japanese journalists.[115] After the assassination, Japanese defence minister Nobuo Kishi, Abe's younger brother, was forced to disclose that he had been supported by the UC in past elections.[116][117][118][119]
In the United States
In 2016 a study sponsored by the
After the 2014 founding of
Gun ritual controversy
Hyung Jin Moon's church, World Peace and Unification Sanctuary Church in
Commentary
Robert Parry: "Over the past quarter century, South Korean theocrat Sun Myung Moon has been one of the Bush family’s major benefactors – both politically and financially."[133]
Richard Rubenstein: "I especially appreciated Rev. Moon’s commitment to the fight against Communism. From his own first-hand, personal experience and out of his religious convictions, he understood how tragic a political and social blight that movement had been. I had been in East and West Berlin the week the Berlin Wall was erected in August 1961 and had visited communist Poland in 1965. Unfortunately, many of my liberal academic colleagues did not understand the full nature of the threat as did Rev. Moon. I was impressed with the sophistication of Rev. Moon’s anti-communism. He understood communism’s evil, but he also stood ready to meet with communist leaders such as Mikhail Gorbachev and Kim Il Sung in the hope of changing or moderating their views."[134]
Thomas Ward: "With the
See also
- Baháʼí administrative order
- Christian democracy, a political movement blending social democracy, social conservatism, Catholic social teaching and Neo-Calvinist principles
- Christian Reconstructionism, a Neo-Calvinist theonomic movement
- Christian republic
- Christian state, an officially Christian country
- Deseret Nationalism, an associated concept within alt-rightLDS groups online.
- Dominion Theology
- European values
- Fascism
- Islamic democracy, a similar concept used by some political Islamists
- Kingdom of God: Latter-day Saints
- List of Unification Church affiliated organizations
- List of supporters of the Unification Church
- Postmillennialism
- Religious pluralism
- Secular democracy
- Separation of church and state
- Theodemocracy
- Unification Church and North Korea
- Unification Church of the United States
- Islamic Republic of Iran
- White Horse Prophecy
- Zionism
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- ^ * Unificationists in the Voting Booth
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External links
- What is Cheon Il Guk? - Sun Myung Moon - January 31, 2003
- The Role of Rev. Sun Myung Moon in the Downfall of Communism
- Unificationists in the Voting Booth
- Problems with translating Rev. Moon from Korean to English
- Official Unification Church teachings on democracy and totalitarianism
- Exposition of the Divine Principle