Tumen (unit)
Tumen, or tümen ("unit of ten thousand";[1]
English
Magyar military organization of the Conquest Era
It was thought that the same kind of military organization was used by the
Genghis Khan's organization
In Genghis Khan's military system, a tumen was recursively built from units of 10 (aravt), 100 (zuut) and 1,000 (mingghan), each with a leader reporting to the next higher level. Tumens were considered a practical size, neither too small for an effective campaign nor too big for efficient transport and supply. The military strategy was based on the use of tumens as a useful building block causing reasonable shock and attack.[6] A Mongol army usually consisted out of three tumen, but armies consisting of only one tumen were also deployed. Regardless, tumen would often be understrength and the number of tumen deployed doesn't provide an accurate number of combatants.[7]
The commander of a tumen was a tümen-ü noyan, a term sometimes translated "myriarch" (cf. myriad), meaning commander of 10,000.[8]
In modern armies
Tümen is a military unit which is still used in the
See also
- Touman, the name of an emperor of the Xiongnu peoples of Central Asia
- Mongol military tactics and organization
- Tyumen—the name originates from tumen
- Tumen River
- Iranian toman
- Mingghan
- Myriad = 10,000
References
- ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - toman Archived 2007-12-09 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Vietze, Wörterbuch Mongolisch - Deutsch, VEB 1988
- ^ The Silk Road And The Korean Language
- ISBN 0198641125.
- ^ Laszlo Gyula, The Magyars: Their Life and Civilization, (1996), pp. 41–42.
- Blackwell Publishing, 1994. page 529
- ISBN 978-0-8032-4423-8. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
- ^ Qiqing Xiao, The Military Establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, PhD diss. (Harvard University, 1978), pp. 9–10.
- ^ Sabah Newspaper Online - Turkish Armed Forces