West Somerset Yeomanry
West Somerset Yeomanry | |
---|---|
Active | June 1794–9 November 1988 2014–Present |
Country | Kingdom of Great Britain (1794–1800) United Kingdom (1801–1988) |
Branch | British Army |
Type | Yeomanry |
Size | Regiment |
Part of | Boer War Imperial Yeomanry World War I Yeomanry Infantry World War II Royal Artillery |
Garrison/HQ | Taunton |
Engagements | Boer War
World War I
World War II
|
The West Somerset Yeomanry was a Yeomanry regiment of the British Army. First raised in 1794, it participated in the Second Boer War and World War I before being converted to an artillery regiment. It served in World War II (as two field artillery regiments). Post-war it was gradually reduced in strength until the yeomanry lineage of the successor unit was discontinued on 9 November 1988.
French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
Under threat of invasion by the
Despite the end of the
However, a wave of civil unrest across Britain from 1830 led to a revival of the Yeomanry. The West Somerset Yeomanry was reorganised in 1831 and
Following the
Imperial Yeomanry
Due to the string of defeats during
The West Somerset Yeomanry sponsored 25th (West Somerset) Company, which served in 7th Battalion, IY, (alongside the Dorset, Devon and North Somerset Yeomanry companies), and sailed for the Cape in March 1900.[4][5][6][19][20][21][22]
On arrival, the battalion joined a Yeomanry brigade under Col
25th Company gained the West Somerset Yeomanry its first Battle honour: South Africa 1900–01.[5][12][26]
The Imperial Yeomanry were trained and equipped as mounted infantry. The concept was considered a success and before the war ended the existing Yeomanry regiments at home were converted into Imperial Yeomanry, with an establishment of RHQ and four squadrons with a machine gun section. The regiment became the West Somerset Imperial Yeomanry on 17 April 1901.[4][5][12][15]
Territorial Force
The Imperial Yeomanry were subsumed into the new Territorial Force (TF) under the Haldane Reforms of 1908.[27][28] On 1 April 1908, the regiment was renamed as the West Somerset Yeomanry. The regiment was based at County Territorial Hall in Taunton (since demolished).[4][5][12][29][30] It formed part of the 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade in Southern Command.[12]
The regiment's organisation was:[5]
West Somerset Yeomanry | |
---|---|
HQ | Taunton |
A Squadron | Wellington (detachments at Minehead, Wiveliscombe, Washford, Dulverton, Williton) |
B Squadron | ) |
C Squadron | Bridgwater (detachments at Highbridge, Glastonbury, Langport, Nether Stowey, North Petherton) |
D Squadron | Yeovil (detachments at Crewkerne, Chard, Ilminster, South Petherton, Martock) |
It was ranked as 33rd (of 55) in the order of precedence of the Yeomanry Regiments in the Army List of 1914. When the order of precedence was being established, inaccuracies in tracing its history led to a loss of precedence despite apparently serving continuously from 1794.[1][6][12][31]
World War I
2nd South Western Mounted Brigade |
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Organisation on 4 August 1914 |
|
At the outbreak of the World War I, the regiment mobilised at County Territorial Hall, Taunton, on 4 August 1914 and moved to Winchester. On 15 August it moved with the 2nd South Western Mounted Bde to the Colchester area of Essex, with the regiment at Ardleigh.[33][34]
Under the
1/1st West Somerset Yeomanry
The 1/1st West Somerset Yeomanry remained in Essex for the next year, moving to
Gallipoli 1915
The 1/2nd South Western Mounted Bde arrived at
The 1/2nd South Western Mounted Bde was attached to the 2nd Mounted Division from 15 November,
The 1/2nd South Western Mounted Bde was attached to 2nd Mounted Division again on 9 December, and the remnant of 1/1st WSY returned to the Willow Tree sector next day. However, the decision had been made to shut down the campaign, and the Suvla sector was evacuated first. 1/1st West Somerset Yeomanry was embarked during the last night of the operation, 19/20 December, when the secret evacuation was achieved without a single casualty. The regiment was taken first to Imbros and then re-embarked for Egypt.[34][33][38][43][45]
Egypt 1916–17
In December 1915 the regiment landed in
The
By the end of 1916 the 2nd Dismounted Bde was in the
Palestine 1917–18
Apart from artillery, the 74th (Y) Division was fully assembled in time for the Second Battle of Gaza. It took over the outpost line on 7 April and was in reserve for the attacks on 17 and 19 April but was not engaged. It was able to complete its organisation and training in the pause before the Third Battle of Gaza began on 27 October.[48][49][51] While Turkish attention was fixed on Gaza City by a heavy bombardment from land and sea, XX Corps, including 74th (Y) Division led by 229th Bde, made a night approach march on 30/31 October to attack Beersheba on the Turks' landward flank. The other two brigades of the division then attacked through the dust clouds of the preliminary bombardment at 12.15 next day, while the Desert Mounted Corps swept round the flank and into Beersheba itself. The Battle of Beersheba was a resounding success, and XX Corps pressed on northwards as the Turks fell back to the Sheria Position. 229th Brigade led 74th (Y) Division's pre-dawn attack on this position on 8 November, without preliminary bombardment or barrage. Shortly after 06.00 the brigade had captured a series of strongpoints and moved onto the next group of works. Here the fighting was tougher, and two counter-attacks had to be driven off, but after a short pause for reorganisation, 229th Bde began rolling up the Turkish line, reaching its final objective (the Beersheba railway) at 13.15.[48][49][52]
While the mounted troops pursued the beaten enemy, 74th (Y) Division paused and re-equipped with winter clothing for the next phase of the campaign. By 25 November the division was about four days' march behind the fighting line, but it was brought up for the advance into the
74th (Y) Division then went into reserve. By March the EEF was ready to advance into the
France and Flanders 1918
On 7 May 1918, 12th (WSY) Bn, Somerset LI, landed at
The
Fourth Army then pursued the Germans back towards the
74th (Y) Division did not return to line until after Fourth Army had broken through the Hindenburg Line at the
After several days of patrolling and
The troops of 74th (Y) Division were then engaged in repairing the Tournai–Leuze railway. In December the division moved into winter quarters in the Lessines area. Demobilisation proceeded rapidly from February 1919, and the units dwindled away. The remaining cadre of 12th (WSY) Battalion Somerset LI returned home and was disembodied at Taunton on 20 June 1919.[4][48][49]
2/1st West Somerset Yeomanry
The 2nd Line regiment was formed at Taunton in 1914. In January 1915 it joined
Early in July 1916 most of the 2nd Line Yeomanry were dismounted and their horses were sent to remount depots. Instead they were issued with bicycles and converted into
In February 1917, the City of London Yeomanry was replaced by
2/1st West Somerset Yeomanry was disbanded on 24 November 1919 at The Curragh.[4]
3/1st West Somerset Yeomanry
The 3rd Line regiment was formed in 1915. In the summer it was affiliated to a
Between the wars
The TF was reconstituted on 7 February 1920. After the experience of the war, it was decided that only the 14 most senior yeomanry regiments would be retained as cavalry; the rest were converted to other roles. Thus on 1 June 1920 the West Somerset Yeomanry was transferred to the
- Brigade HQ at Taunton
- 373 (West Somerset Yeomanry) Battery at Taunton
- 374 (West Somerset Yeomanry) Battery at Glastonbury
- 375 (Dorset Yeomanry) Battery at Blandford Forum
- 376 (Dorset Yeomanry) Battery (Howitzers) at Sherborne
- 223 RFA Bde Signal Section, Royal Corps of Signals, at Taunton (attached)
The RFA was subsumed into the Royal Artillery (RA) on 1 June 1924 and its units became Field Brigades and Field Batteries.[4][67][66][70]
The Dorset & Somerset brigade was a short-lived marriage: in July 1929 the Somerset Yeomanry batteries were moved to 55th (Wessex) Army Field Brigade, RA while the Dorset Yeomanry continued as the 94th. 55th (Wessex) Brigade had similarly been split up, with its Hampshire batteries joining 95th (Hampshire Yeomanry) Bde, leaving two Wiltshire batteries. The new organisation was as follows:[4][5][67][68][70][72][71][73][74][75]
55th (Wessex) Field Brigade, RA
- Brigade HQ at Taunton
- 217 (Wiltshire) Field Bty (H) at Swindon
- 220 (Wiltshire) Field Bty at Swindon
- 373 (West Somerset Yeomanry) Field Bty at Taunton
- 374 (West Somerset Yeomanry) Field Bty at Glastonbury, later Shepton Mallet
The brigade served as 'Army Troops' in
In 1938 the RA modernised its nomenclature and a lieutenant-colonel's command was designated a 'regiment' rather than a 'brigade'; this applied to TA field brigades from 1 November 1938.[67][66][73][74]
World War II
Mobilisation
After the
Part of the reorganisation was that field regiments changed from four six-gun batteries to an establishment of two batteries, each of three four-gun troops.[78][83]
55th (Wessex) Field Regiment
At the outbreak of the war, 55th Field Regiment mobilised as part of 45th Division, which served on anti-invasion duties after the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) had been evacuated from Dunkirk. Later in 1940 it joined I Corps in the north of England.[82][84] The BEF's experience in the Battle of France showed the problem with the two-battery organisation: field regiments were intended to support an infantry brigade of three battalions. This could not be managed without severe disruption to the regiment. As a result, field regiments were reorganised into three 8-gun batteries.[85][86][87] 55th (Wessex) Field Regiment formed its third battery at Barnsley on 15 November 1940 and it was numbered as 439 Bty on 1 February 1941.[73]
In June 1942, the regiment transferred to the
112th (Wessex) Field Regiment
112th (Wessex) Field Regiment served with 43rd (Wessex) Division in Home Forces for most of the war.[6][80][92] It formed its third battery (477) at Sarre, Kent, on 25 March 1941 and was authorised to use the "Wessex" designation from 17 February 1942.[67][69][79][92]
43rd (W) Division and 112th (Wessex) Field Regiment remained in the UK until after
Postwar
55th (Wessex) Field Regiment was placed in 'suspended animation' in British Army of the Rhine on 31 December 1946 and next day (1 January 1947) was reformed in the TA as 255 (Wessex) Medium Regiment in 91 (Field) Army Group Royal Artillery, with RHQ at Shepton Mallet.[4][5][67][73][93][94] (112th (Wessex) Field Regiment also reformed, as 312th Medium Regiment, but had no Somerset connections.[75][79][95])
On 1 July 1950 the regiment absorbed 663 (Somerset) Super Heavy Regiment (a new regiment that had been formed at Midsomer Norton in 1947), which became Q Bty, and RHQ moved back to Taunton.[4][67][93][96]
On 31 October 1956 it amalgamated with
On 1 April 1969, the battalion was reduced to a cadre at Keynsham, under 219 General Hospital, Royal Army Medical Corps. However, on 1 April 1971 the cadre was disbanded and reformed as two companies of the 6th (Volunteer) Battalion, The Light Infantry, at Bath. 'A' (Somerset Yeomanry Light Infantry) Company at Bath was the successor to the North Somerset Yeomanry, while 'B' (Somerset Yeomanry Light Infantry) Company at Yeovil (with a detachment at Taunton) continued the lineage of the West Somerset Yeomanry. Finally, on 9 November 1988, company subtitles were omitted and the yeomanry lineage was discontinued.[5][6][97]
In 2013 it was announced as part of Future Reserves 2020, that the Forward Air Control Troop, Royal Signals based at Bath would re-subordinate from the Royal Signals to become the Forward Air Control Battery within the Royal Artillery and be designated 255 (Somerset Yeomanry) Battery Royal Artillery.[100] The battery was formed in September 2014 but it does not use the Somerset Yeomanry lineage and forms part of the National Reserve Headquarters Royal Artillery.[101]
Heritage and ceremonial
Colonels
The following served as Colonel Commandant or Honorary Colonel of the West Somerset Yeomanry and its successors:[5][12]
- Col Charles Kemeys Tynte, appointed Colonel Commandant on 25 July 1831
- The Hon William Portman, MP, (later 2nd Viscount Portman) appointed Colonel on 24 January 1854, and Hon Col on 9 May 1896
- Col W. Barrett, TD, former commanding officer, appointed Hon Col 5 December 1911
- Brig-Gen E. Harding Newman, DSO, appointed Hon Col (of 55th (Wessex) Field Bde) 17 January 1931
Uniforms and insignia
The West Somerset Yeomanry wore a Hussar-style uniform in full dress. The dark blue tunic had red facings and six rows of cord across the chest. The busby had a braided red bag and a white plume. Shoulder-belts and pouches were black.[12][15]
The regimental cap badge consisted of a Wyvern within a strap bearing the name 'WEST SOMERSET YEOMANRY'. After the Second Boer War the regiment added a scroll underneath the badge inscribed 'S. AFRICA 1900–01'.[102]
Unlike some Yeomanry regiments converted to artillery, it appears that the West Somerset Yeomanry did not retain their regimental cap badge and fully adopted RA badges. However, after World War II, 255 Medium Regiment wore a blue shoulder title with 'WSY' embroidered in yellow beneath the standard 'ROYAL ARTILLERY' embroidered in red. After the merger to form 250 Medium Regiment, this was changed to 'W.S.Y.& D.G'.[67]
Battle honours
The West Somerset Yeomanry were awarded the following
- Second Boer War
- World War I
- World War II
Units of the Royal Artillery do not carry battle honours: traditionally their motto Ubique ('Everywhere') is held to cover them all
See also
- Imperial Yeomanry
- List of Yeomanry Regiments 1908
- Yeomanry
- Yeomanry order of precedence
- British yeomanry during the First World War
- Second line yeomanry regiments of the British Army
- List of British Army Yeomanry Regiments converted to Royal Artillery
Notes
- ^ Corps in this context means either an independent troop or a number of troops under a single command.[11]
- ^ In the Royal Artillery prior to 1938 a brigade was a lieutenant-colonel's command consisting of independent batteries 'brigaded' together; it was not comparable with an infantry or cavalry brigade commanded by a brigadier-general.[65][66]
References
- ^ a b c Frederick, pp. vii–viii.
- ^ Rogers, p. 145.
- ^ Mileham 1994, pp. 8–10
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Frederick, p. 51.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "West Somerset Yeomanry at regiments.org by T.F.Mills". Archived from the original on 16 August 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Mileham 1994, pp. 109–10
- ^ "Obituary". Gentleman's Magazine. 101 (1): 649. 1831.
- ^ "Name: William Bellett. Rank: Ensign. Regiment: 22nd Foot. Date of Service: 1828". The National Archives. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
- ^ Spiers, p. 79.
- ^ a b Mileham 1994, p. 14
- ^ Mileham 1994, p. 72
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Army List, various dates.
- ^ Dunlop, pp. 104–18.
- ^ Rogers, p. 228.
- ^ a b c Ryan.
- ^ Spiers, p. 239.
- ^ IY at Anglo-Boer War.
- ^ "Boer War Notes". Retrieved 11 June 2007.
- ^ a b "Boer War - Imperial Yeomanry Battalions". Retrieved 3 July 2007.
- ^ a b Amery, Vol IV, Appendix.
- ^ "Imperial Yeomanry at regiments.org by T.F.Mills". Archived from the original on 29 May 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
- ^ "Roll of 25th Company, 7th Battalion, Imperial Yeomanry". angloboerwar.com. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
- ^ Amery, Vol III, p. 495.
- ^ Amery, Vol IV, pp. 67–8, 72.
- ^ Amery, Vol V, p. 230.
- ^ Leslie.
- ^ Dunlop, Chapter 14.
- ^ Spiers, Chapter 10.
- ^ London Gazette, 20 March 1908.
- ^ "Taunton". The Drill Hall Project. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
- ^ Mileham 1994, p. 73
- ^ Conrad, Mark (1996). "The British Army, 1914".
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o James, p. 28.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m West Somerset Yeomanry at Long, Long Trail.
- ^ Becke, Pt 2b, p. 6.
- ^ Rinaldi 2008, p. 35
- ^ Aspinall-Oglander, pp. 334–5, 365.
- ^ a b c d e Westlake, p. 276.
- ^ Aspinall-Oglander, p. 390.
- ^ Becke, Pt 3a, p. 21.
- ^ Becke, Pt 2a, p. 15.
- ^ Aspinall-Oglander, pp. 431–4.
- ^ a b Becke, Pt 2a, pp. 9–17.
- ^ Becke, Pt 2a, p. 117–22.
- ^ Aspinall-Oglander, pp. 440–60.
- ^ MacMunn & Falls, Vol I, pp. 106–8, 129–34, 153.
- ^ a b c d James, p. 57
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Becke, Pt 2b, pp. 117–22.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i 74th (Yeomanry Division at Long, Long Trail.
- ^ MacMunn & Falls, Vol I, p. 273.
- ^ MacMunn & Falls, pp. 328, 330, 335, 347, 355.
- ^ Falls, Vol II, pp. 47–51, 92–8, Sketches 1–3.
- ^ Falls, Vol II, pp. 126, 219, 229–36, 248, 257, 276, 286–9, Sketch 19.
- ^ Falls, Vol II, pp. 302, 312–22, 413, Sketch 23.
- ^ Edmonds, Vol IV, pp. 334, 389–93.
- ^ Edmonds, Vol IV, pp. 437–8, 447, 451, 453, 455–6, 476, 483–4, 503–5.
- ^ Edmonds & Maxwell-Hyslop, Vol V, pp. 125–7, 404, 408, 410, 413, 415–21.
- ^ Edmonds & Maxwell-Hyslop, Vol V, pp. 538–45, 555.
- ^ a b James, p. 36.
- ^ a b Becke, Pt 2a, pp. 1–7.
- ^ Frederick, p. 41.
- ^ James, p. 23.
- ^ Frederick, p. 30.
- ^ James, p. 20.
- ^ Litchfield, pp. 1 & 5.
- ^ a b c Sainsbury, Chapter 1: 'Historical Background to the Territorial Artillery, 1920-1945', pp. 1–12.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Litchfield, pp. 208–9; Appendix VII.
- ^ a b Frederick, p. 25.
- ^ a b Frederick, pp. 491–2.
- ^ a b c Frederick, p. 524.
- ^ a b c Litchfield, pp. 49–50
- ^ a b "Dorset Yeomanry (Queen's Own) at regiments.org by T.F.Mills". Archived from the original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d Frederick, p. 516.
- ^ a b c "2nd Wessex Regiment, Royal Artillery at regiments.org by T.F.Mills". Archived from the original on 16 August 2007. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c Litchfield, p. 244.
- ^ Titles & Designations 1927.
- ^ Farndale, Years of Defeat, p. 4.
- ^ a b Sainsbury, Chapter 2: 'The Development of Field Artillery Tactics, Organisation and Equipment, 1920-1945', pp. 13–29.
- ^ a b c Frederick, p. 528.
- ^ a b c Joslen, pp. 69–70.
- ^ Bellis 1995, p. 97
- ^ a b Joslen, pp. 73–4.
- ^ Farndale, Years of Defeat, Annex A.
- ^ Bellis 1995, p. 92
- ^ Forty 1998, p. 73
- ^ Sainsbury Appendix 2.
- ^ Farndale, Years of Defeat, p. 99.
- ^ Joslen, pp. 11–2.
- ^ Barton, Derek. "55 (Wessex) Field Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939–45.
- ^ a b Rosse & Hill, passim,
- ^ CWGC Records.
- ^ a b c Barton, Derek. "112 Field Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939–45.
- ^ a b c Frederick, pp. 996–7, 1011–2.
- ^ Litchfield, Appendix 5.
- ^ Frederick, p. 1004.
- ^ Frederick, p. 1029.
- ^ a b Frederick, p. 353.
- ^ Frederick, pp. 1002, 1029.
- ^ Frederick, p. 50.
- ^ "Summary of Army 2020 Reserve Structure and Basing" (PDF). Ministry of Defence. p. 5. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
- ^ "The National Gunners". Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
- ^ West Somerset Yeomanry page at Army Service Numbers blogspot.
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