World Ocean Conference
| World Ocean Conference 2009 | |
|---|---|
| Information | |
| Date: | 11โ14 May 2009 |
| Location: | Grand Kawanua Convention Center, Manado, Indonesia |
| Participants: | 83 countries |
The World Ocean Conference 2009 (WOC) was an international conference to develop a common understanding and firm commitment to address the adverse impact of
The conference was scheduled to be held from 11โ14 May, included hundreds of officials and experts from over 74 countries.[3] It is seen as a prelude to talks in December 2009 regarding a successor agreement to the Kyoto Protocol.[4]
Background
The 1982
Climate change issues that could potentially result on
Realizing the detrimental effects and importance of climate change, The WOC agreed to discuss the commitments on how to increase the role ocean in reducing the impact of climate change. The WOC have three main interests of states:[8]
- SIDS - very concern on sea-level rise (Indonesia is the largest archipelagical country in the world). Climate change is particularly threatening to Indonesia as sea level rise would adversely affect many Indonesia's low-lying coastal areas.[9]
- Tropical developing states - on adaptation measures, food security, and livelihood
- Developed states - observing the possibility that the ocean could function as "Carbon Sink"
Objectives
The main purpose of the WOC 2009 was the adoption of Manado Ocean Declaration (MOD).[7] The declaration consists of 14 core opening paragraphs and 21 points of operative agreement. The contents of the declaration include the commitment to long-term conservation, management, and sustainable use of marine living resources, establish national strategies to sustainably manage marine and coastal ecosystems and enhance their resilience, reduce land- and sea-based pollution, and also to increase understanding and information exchange on coasts, oceans and climate change, particularly in developing countries.[8][10]
Despite criticism the MOD was not strong enough to push the international community to help developing nations deal with the impacts of climate change, Indonesian Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Minister Freddy Numberi, chairman of the conference, said the WOC had put oceans center stage in world attention and raised awareness of the importance of oceans in climate change. But representatives from both developed and developing countries expressed satisfaction with the results.[7][11]
See also
References
- ^ "World Ocean Conference 2009 Digelar di Manado" (in Indonesian). Kompas. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
- ^ "World Ocean Conference Bulletin". International Institute for Sustainable Development. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
- ^ Asian Development Bank 2009, p. 1
- ^ a b United Nations 2010, p. 23
- ^ "United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982". United Nations. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
- ^ a b "World Ocean Conference". Mangroves for the Future. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
- ^ a b c "Manado Ocean Declaration Adopted at World Ocean Conference - Ocean States Eye Copenhagen". Caribbean Environment Programme. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
- ^ a b c d "World Ocean Conference 2009 & Coral Triangle Initative [sic] Summit" (PDF). World Bank. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
- ^ Vaughn 2010, p. 19
- ^ "Deklarasi Kelautan Manado Disepakati 75 Negara" (in Indonesian). Kompas. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
- ^ "FINAL Press Release: Laporan Capaian Panitia Penyelenggara WOC 2009 dan CTI Summit serta Langkah Menuju ke COP-15 UNFCCC Kopenhagen" (in Indonesian). PT BMCOM. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
Bibliography
- Asian Development Bank (2009). Protecting the World's Oceans: From Vision to Action. Mandaluyong: Asian Development Bank. p. 61. ISBN 978-971-561-867-0.
- United Nations (2010). Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme on the Eleventh Special Session (24-26 February 2010). New York: United Nations Publications. p. 48. ISBN 978-921-820-169-0.
- Vaughn, Bruce (2010). Indonesia: Domestic Politics, Strategic Dynamics, and American Interest. Pennsylvania: DIANE Publishing. p. 34. ISBN 978-143-792-755-9.
