Ingushetia
Ingushetia
ГӀалгӏайче Ингушетия | |
---|---|
Republic of Ingushetia | |
Official transcription(s) | |
• Ingush | Ghalghajče |
2021 Census)[4] | |
• Total | 509,541 |
ISO 3166 code | RU-IN |
Vehicle registration | 06 |
Official language(s) | Ingush[6] • Russian[7] |
Website | ingushetia.ru |
Ingushetia or Ingushetiya,[8][a] officially the Republic of Ingushetia,[b] is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is part of the North Caucasian Federal District, and shares land borders with the country of Georgia to its south; and borders the Russian republics of North Ossetia–Alania to its west and north and Chechnya to its east and northeast.
Its
Largely due to the insurgency in the North Caucasus, Ingushetia remains one of the poorest and most unstable regions of Russia. Although the violence has died down in recent years,[11][12] the insurgency in neighboring Chechnya had occasionally spilled into Ingushetia. According to Human Rights Watch in 2008, the republic has been destabilized by corruption, a number of high-profile crimes (including kidnapping and murder of civilians by government security forces),[13] anti-government protests, attacks on soldiers and officers, Russian military excesses and a deteriorating human rights situation.[14][15] In spite of this, Ingushetia has the highest life expectancy in all of Russia at 80.52, beating out second-place Dagestan by almost 4 years.
Etymology
The name Ingushetia (Ингушетия) derives from the Russian name of the Ingush, which in turn is derived from the ancient Ingush village
In the 1920–1930s there was not yet a unifying name for the Ingush Autonomous Oblast. Although the oblast was officially called Ingushetia, some scientists like Nikolai Yakovlev and Leonid Semyonov insisted that its correct name is Ingushiya (Ингушия).[18]
History
Historical overview
10,000–8000 BC
6000–4000 BC
4000–3000 BC
20 BC
900–1200 AD
1239 AD
1300–1400 AD
1558 AD
1562 AD
In Caucasian War and as part of Terek Cossacks Okrug
In the 18th century the Ingush were mostly
On 29 June 1832, the Russian Baron Rozen reported in letter No.42 to count Chernishev that "on the 23rd of this month I exterminated eight Ghalghaj (Ingush) villages. On the 24th I exterminated nine more villages near Targim." By 12 November 1836 (letter no.560), he claimed that highlanders of Dzheirkah, Kist, and Ghalghaj had been at least temporarily subdued.
The colonization of Ingush land by Russians and Ossetians began in the mid-19th century. The Russian General Evdokimov and Ossetian colonel Kundukhov in 'Opis no. 436' "gladly reported" that "the result of colonization of Ingush land was successful".
Renamed Ingush villages and towns:[34]
- Ghazhien-Yurt was renamed Stanitsa Assinovskaya in 1847.
- Ebarg-Yurt was renamed Stanitsa Troitskaya in 1847.
- Dibir-Ghala (town) was renamed Stanitsa Sleptsovskaya in 1847.
- Magomet-Khite was renamed Stanitsa Voznesenskaya in 1847.
- Akhi-Yurt was renamed Stanitsa Sunzhenskaya in 1859.
- Ongusht was renamed Stanitsa Tarskaya in 1859.
- Ildir-Ghala (town) was renamed Stanitsa Karabulakskaya in 1859.
- Alkhaste was renamed Stanitsa Feldmarshalskaya in 1860.
- Tauzen-Yurt was renamed Stanitsa Vorontsov-Dashkov in 1861.
- Sholkhi was renamed Khutor Tarski in 1867.
Following Imam Shamil's repeated losses by the end of the Caucasian War, the Russians and Chechens unified their forces. Former Chechen rebels and their men joined the Russian ranks. On 3 November 1858, General Evdokimov ordered (order N1896) a former rebel commander,
The Russians built the fortress
The last organized rebellion (the so-called "Nazran insurrection") in Ingushetia occurred in 1858 when 5,000 Ingush launched an attack against Russian forces, but lost to the latter's superior number. The rebellion signaled the end of the First Russo-Caucasian War. In the same year, the Tsar encouraged the emigration of Ingush and Chechens to
After the
"Ingush people are the least numerous, most welded, and strongly martial organization. They were, in essence, the supreme arbiter of the North Caucasus. The moral of the appearance was defined long ago in Russian text-books of geography, "the chief occupation – animal husbandry and robbery ..." The last one of the two reached special art in the society. Political aspirations came from the same trend. The Ingush are mercenaries of the Soviet regime, they support it but don't let the spread of it in their province. At the same time, they tried to strike up relations with Turkey
As part of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
On 21 December 1917 Ingushetia, Chechnya, and Dagestan declared independence from Russia and formed a single state called the "United Mountain Dwellers of the North Caucasus" (also known as Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus), which was recognized by Central Powers (Germany, Austro-Hungary and Turkey), Georgia, and Azerbaijan (which declared their independence from Russia in 1918) as an independent state.[41] For example, Anna Zelkina writes that in May 1918 the first country to recognize independence was Turkey:[42]
The First Congress of the North Caucasus formed a Provisional Government of the North Caucasian Free State (SeveroKavkazskoye Svobodnoye Gosudarstvo) and in May 1918 declared the establishment of the North Caucasian Republic. The only country to recognize it was Turkey.
Later Germany and others followed the recognition. According to P. Kosok:[43]
Azerbaidzhan and Armenia (May 28, 1918). All three states then concluded independent treaties with Turkey, which similarly acknowledged the independence of the Northern Caucasus and concluded a treaty of friendship with it on June 8, 1918. An exchange of diplomatic notes then took place between the head of the German Extraordinary Delegation, General von Lossov, and the North Caucasian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bammat, resulting in the de facto recognition by Germany of the independence of the Northern Caucasus.
According to the British War Office, Germans tried to establish the military base in Ingushetia:[44]
...the German Command with the object of securing the presence of German regiments within Ingush territory. The Ingushi declare that all attempts of any foreign armed force to enter into the Terek region will be regarded by the Ingushi as an attack upon themselves, and the Ingushi will oppose all their forces to such attempts.
The capital of the new state was moved to Temir-Khan-Shura (
As part of Chechen-Ingush ASSR
Ingushetia was the most unanimous and entirely Bolshevik. Ever since the conquest of the Caucasus, the brave and freedom-loving Ingush, who were desperately defending their independence, were partly exterminated and partly driven into barren mountains. The Terek Cossacks were settled on the fertile lands that had belonged to them, and Cossacks founded their villages on the wedge that had cut into Ingushetia. Deprived of the opportunity to earn their bread in an honest way, the Ingush lived by robbery and raids on the Cossack lands. Even in peacetime, the Terek Cossacks bordering Ingush did not go to the field without rifles. Not a day went by without shooting and bloodshed. Considering the Cossacks as oppressors, and the Cossack lands were still theirs, the Ingush mercilessly took revenge on them. The relationship was created completely irreconcilable; further cohabitation was unthinkable. It was necessary either to exterminate the Ingush completely, or to evict the Cossacks from the former Ingush lands, returning those to their former owners.
The
and Ingushetia into Chechen-Ingush ASSR.During World War II Ingush youth were drafted into the Russian army. In August 1942 Nazi German forces captured half of the North Caucasus within thirty-three days moving from Rostov-On-Don to Mozdok 560 km or almost 17 km per day (see Battle of the Caucasus). From Mozdok to Malgobek same thirty three days, 20 km the German forces moved roughly 600 meters per day and were stopped only at Ordzhonikidze (modern-day Vladikavkaz) and Malgobek which were mostly populated by Ingush before the genocide of 23 February 1944. The fighting for the Malgobek was so intense that the small town was captured and recaptured four times until the Germans finally retreated.
According to the Soviet military newspaper Red Star, after receiving the news about German brutality toward civilians in Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingush people declared Jihad(Gazavat) against Germans. Stalin planned the expansion of the USSR in the south through Turkey. Muslim Chechens and Ingush could become a threat to the expansion.[51] In February 1944 near the end of World War II, Russian Army and NKVD units flooded the Chechen-Ingush ASSR. The maneuvers were disguised as military exercises of the southern district.
Genocide of 1944
During World War II, in 1942 German forces entered the North Caucasus. For three weeks Germans captured over half of the North Caucasus. They were only stopped at two Chechen-Ingush cities: Malgobek and Ordzhonikidze (a.k.a. "Vladikavkaz") by heroic resistance of natives of Chechen-Ingush ASSR.[52]
In 1944 the nationalities themselves were abolished and their lands resettled when the Chechen and Ingush, together with the Karachay-Balkar, Crimean Tatars, and other nationalities were deported en masse to Kazakhstan and Siberia, losing at least one-quarter and perhaps half of their population in transit. (The reason, never clarified, seems to have been Stalin's wish to clear all Muslims from the main invasion routes in a contemplated attack on Turkey.)
After return from Central Asia
After 13 years of exile, the Ingush were allowed to return to Chechen-Ingushetia (but not to Ordzhonikidze a.k.a. "
Post-Soviet period
In 1991, when the Chechens declared independence from the
Ethnic cleansing of 1992
However, ethnic tensions in North Ossetia which were orchestrated by Ossetian nationalists (per Helsinki Human Right Watch), led to an outbreak of violence in the
Over 60,000 Ingush civilians were forced from their homes in the
First and Second Chechen Wars
In 1994, when the
The number of rebel attacks in Ingushetia rose, especially after the number of Russian security forces was tripled. For example, according to a Russian news agency a murder of an ethnic-Russian school teacher in Ingushetia was committed by two ethnic-Russian and ethnic-Ossetian soldiers; Issa Merzhoev the Ingush Police detective who solved the crime was shot at and killed by "unknown" assailants shortly after he had identified the murderer.[70] At least four people were injured when a vehicle exploded on 24 March 2008. An upsurge in violence in these months targeted local police officers and security forces. In January 2008, the
Early in August 2008, the war between
On 18 October 2008, a Russian military convoy came under grenade attack and machine gun fire near Nazran. Official Russian reports of the ambush, which has been blamed on local Muslim separatists, said two soldiers were killed and at least seven injured. Reports from Ingush opposition sources suggested as many as forty to fifty Russian soldiers were killed.[77][78]
On 30 October 2008, Zyazikov was dismissed from his office (he himself claimed he resigned voluntarily). On the next day,
Military history
According to professor
During
The Ingush regiment pounced upon the German "Iron Division" like an avalanche. It was immediately supported by the Chechen regiment. The Russian history, including the history of our Preobrazhensky regiment, does not know a single instance of a horse cavalry attacking an enemy force armed with heavy artillery: 4.5 thousand killed, 3.5 thousand taken prisoner, 2.5 thousand wounded. Less than in an hour and a half the "Iron Division" ceased to exist, the division that had aroused fear in the best armies of our allies. On behalf of me, the royal court and the whole of the Russian army send our best regards to fathers, mothers, sisters, wives and brides of those brave sons of the Caucasus whose heroism paved the way for the destruction of German hordes. Russia bows low to the heroes and will never forget them. I extend my fraternal greetings, Nicholas II, August 25, 1915.
In 1994–1996 Ingush volunteers fought alongside Chechens in the First Chechen War. Aside from a few incidents (including the killings of Ingush civilians by Russian soldiers), Ingushetia was largely kept out of the war by a determined policy of non-violence pursued by President Ruslan Aushev.[36]
This changed after the beginning of the
Resistance
- 1800s–1860s: Insurgency against Russian conquest.
- 1860s–1890s: Raids of Ingush abreks on the Georgian Military Highway and Mozdok.
- 1890s–1917: Insurgency of Ingush resistance under Chechen abrek Zelimkhan Gushmazukaev and Ingush abrek Sulumbek of Sagopshi, execution of Russian viceroy to Ingushetia colonel Mitnik by Ingush resistance fighter Buzurtanov.
- 1917–1920s: Insurgency of Ingush resistance fighters against combined Russian White Guards, Cossacks, Ossetians, and general Denikin forces.
- 1920s–1930s: Insurgency of Ingush people against Communists, executions of Communist leader of Ingushetia Chernoglaz by Ingush rebel Uzhakhov. Execution of Communist party leader of Ingushetia Ivanov by Ingush rebels.
- 1944–1977: Ingush rebels avenging the deportation of the Ingush nation. Scores of Russian army units and NKVD, KGB officers killed.
- 1992: Ossetian-Ingush conflict. In combat operations Ingush rebels capture armor which later transferred to Chechens or given back to Russian army after the conflict ended.
- 1994: Nazran. Ingush civilians stop Russian army, flip armor, burn military trucks which were on the march to Chechnya in Russian-Chechen war. First Russian casualties reported from hands of Ingush rebels.
- 1994–1996: Ingush rebels defend Grozny and participate in combat operations on Chechen side.
- 1999–2006: Ingush rebels join Chechen rebels, the independence war turns into Jihad.
- 13 July 2001: Ingush people protest "defiling and desecration" of historical Christian Ingush church Tkhaba-Yerdy after Russian troops made the church into a public toilet. Though Ingush are Muslims they highly respect their Christian past.[85]
- 15 September 2003: Ingush rebels use bomb truck and attack FSB headquarters in Maghas. Several dozens of Russian FSB officers killed including the senior officer overseeing the FSB in Chechen republic. The several story HQ building is severely damaged.[86]
- 6 April 2004: Ingush rebels attack Russian appointed president of Ingushetia Murat Zyazikov. He was wounded when a car bomb was rammed into his motorcade.
- 22 June 2004: Chechen and Ingush rebels raidon Russian troops in Ingushetia. Hundreds of Russian troops killed.
- 10 July 2006: In the night, Chechen politician and leader of the militants Shamil Basayev and other four militants were killed in the village of the Ekazhevo during a truck explosion.
- 31 August 2008: Execution of Washington D.C., the United States.[88]
- 30 September 2008: A suicide bomber attacked the motorcade of Ruslan Meiriyev, Ingushetia's top police official.
- 10 June 2009: Snipers killed Aza Gazgireyeva, deputy chief justice of the regional Supreme Court, as she dropped her children off at school. Russian news agencies also cited investigators as saying she was likely killed for her role in investigating the 2004 attack on Ingush police forces by Chechen fighters.[89]
- 13 June 2009: Two gunmen sprayed former deputy prime minister Bashir Aushev with automatic-weapon fire as he got out of his car at the gate outside his home in the region's main city, Nazran.[90]
- 22 June 2009: Russian appointed president of Ingushetia Yunus-Bek Yevkurov was badly hurt when a suicide bomber detonated a car packed with explosives as the president's convoy drove past. The attack killed three bodyguards.[91]
- 12 August 2009: Gunmen killed construction minister Ruslan Amerkhanov in his office in the Ingush capital, Magas.[92]
- 17 August 2009: A suicide bomber killed 21 Ingush police officers and unknown numbers of Russian Internal Ministry troops which were stationed in Nazran, after he drove a truck full of explosives into a MVD police base.
- 25 October 2009: Execution of U.S. Department of State in 2009.[93]
- 2 March 2010: Another militant has been killed in the village of the Ekazhevo, his name is Republic of Buryatia.
- 5 April 2010: A suicide bomber injured three police officers in the town of Karabulak. Two officers died at the hospital as a result of their injuries. While investigators arrived on scene, another car bomb was set off by remote. Nobody was hurt in the second blast.[94]
- 24 January 2011: A suicide bomber, Magomed Yevloyev (same first and last name as the slain Ingush opposition journalist Magomed Yevloyev), killed 37 people at Domodedovo airport, Moscow, Russia.
- 2012: Ingush rebels participate in the
- 6 June 2013: Accusation of former Ingush rebel leader Ali "Maghas" Taziev in Rostov-On-Don regional Russian court, who was captured after he voluntarily gave himself in on 9 June 2010 to Russian forces in Ingushetia on the agreement that Russians will liberate his relatives held hostage in one of the Russian military bases.
- 27 August 2013: Execution of the head of security of Ingushetia Akhmet Kotiev and his bodyguard by Ingush rebels. Kotiev was actively involved in the assassination of Magomed Yevloyev.
- 10 December 2013: Ingush opposition leader Magomed Khazbiev, who was a close friend of assassinated Magomed Yevloyev, attends Euromaidan in Ukraine and participates in anti-Russian campaign there[clarification needed], after which his parents were threatened and harassed in Russia. On his website he wrote: "the fact that Putin's slaves harass my parents does not make any sense [is in vain], if you [Russians] want me to stop you have to kill me like Magomed Yevloyev and Makhsharip Aushev".[97]
- 2 February 2014: Russian FSB officially claimed that in December 2013 four North Caucasian instructors operated in Ukraine, and prepared Ukrainians for "street battles against Russian interests".[98]
- 20 April 2014: Famous Ingush human rights defender Ibragim Lyanov stated that Ingushetia wants to separate from Russia and become an independent state, using the example of the Crimean separation from Ukraine.[99]
- 24 May 2014: Ingush rebel leader Arthur Getagazhev, four rebels, and two civilians were killed in action in the village of Sagopshi by Russian forces.[100]
- 2 July 2014: After several months of denial, pro-Russian president of Ingushetia finally recognizes that there are Ingush people fighting in Ukraine on "both sides".[101]
- 2 July 2014: Ingush rebels attack Russian armored military convoy killing one and wounding seven soldiers.[102]
- 6 July 2014: Russian special forces prepared an ambush near the morgue in LifeNews, released video of the attack lasted less than 19 seconds.[104]
- 17 January 2015: Maghas. Rise of anti-Western sentiments. Over 20,000 Ingush citizens protest against Europe.[105][106]
- 28 February 2015: Russian opposition leader Nemtsov's death linked to Ingushetia by Russian police.[107]
- 26 March 2019: Thousands of people in Ingushetia have protested against a controversial border deal with neighboring Chechnya, denouncing land swaps under the agreement and calling for Ingushetia head Yunus-Bek Yevkurov to step down.
- 25 June 2019: Yunus-Bek Yevkurov, has announced his resignation after almost 11 years in the position. De facto Ingushetia has no active leader. Civil protests continue, Ingush people boycotting the Russian appointed elections.
- 2 March 2024: Clashes between militants and the Russian police began in Ingushetia.
Politics
Up until the
During the late '80s, together with the separatist tendencies across the Soviet Union, the Second
The head of government and the highest executive post in Ingushetia is the
Recent heads:
- Ruslan Aushev: 10 November 1992 (Head of the Republic until 7 March 1993) – 28 December 2001
- Akhmed Malsagov(interim): 28 December 2001 – 23 May 2002
- Murat Zyazikov: 23 May 2002 – 30 October 2008[108]
- Yunus-Bek Yevkurov: 30 October 2008 – 26 June 2019
- Makhmud-Ali Kalimatov: 26 June 2019–present
Recent Chairmen of the Government:
- Ruslan Tatiyev: 24 March 1993 – 5 July 1993
- Tamerlan Didigov: 5 July 1993 – 21 March 1994
- Mukharbek Didigov: 21 March 1994 – 9 December 1996
- Belan Khamchiyev: 10 December 1996 – 3 August 1998
- Magomed-Bashir Darsigov: 3 August 1998 – 24 November 1999
- Akhmed Malsagov: 24 November 1999 – 14 June 2002
- Viktor Aleksentsev: 26 August 2002 – 3 June 2003
- Timur Mogushkov: 3 June 2003 – 30 June 2005
- Ibragim Malsagov: 30 June 2005 – 13 March 2008
- Kharun Dzeytov: 14 March 2008 – 12 November 2008
- Rashid Gaysanov: 13 November 2008 – 5 October 2009
- Aleksey Vorobyov: 5 October 2009 – 10 March 2010
- Musa Chiliyev: 21 March 2011 – 19 September 2013
- Abubakar Malsagov: 19 September 2013 – 18 November 2016
- Ruslan Gagiyev: 18 November 2016 – 9 September 2018
- Zyalimkhan Yevloyev: 9 September 2018 – 8 September 2019
- Konstantin Surikov: 9 September 2019 – 27 January 2020
- Vladimir Slastenin: 26 March 2020–present
The
The Constitution of Ingushetia was adopted on 27 February 1994.
Ingushetia is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization.
The capital was moved from Nazran to Magas in December 2002.
The most
Administrative divisions
- Cities under republic's jurisdiction (as of 2016):
- Districts:
- Dzheyrakhsky (Джейрахский)
- Sunzhensky (Сунженский)
- Nazranovsky (Назрановский)
- Malgobeksky (Малгобекский)
Demographics
Population: 509,541 (2021 Census);[110] 412,529 (2010 Russian census);[111] 467,294 (2002 Census).[112]
Vital statistics
- Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service Archived 14 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine
Average population (× 1000) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1995 | 6,889 | 1,867 | 5,022 | 25.3 | 6.8 | 18.4 | ||
1996 | 5,980 | 1,958 | 4,022 | 20.9 | 6.8 | 14.0 | ||
1997 | 6,055 | 1,957 | 4,098 | 20.6 | 6.7 | 14.0 | ||
1998 | 5,929 | 2,064 | 3,865 | 19.8 | 6.9 | 12.9 | ||
1999 | 6,624 | 1,953 | 4,671 | 20.6 | 6.1 | 14.6 | ||
2000 | 8,463 | 2,117 | 6,346 | 21.5 | 5.4 | 16.2 | ||
2001 | 8,753 | 1,875 | 6,878 | 19.4 | 4.2 | 15.3 | ||
2002 | 7,578 | 1,874 | 5,704 | 16.4 | 4.1 | 12.4 | ||
2003 | 7,059 | 1,785 | 5,274 | 15.3 | 3.9 | 11.4 | ||
2004 | 6,794 | 1,751 | 5,043 | 15.0 | 3.9 | 11.1 | ||
2005 | 6,777 | 1,821 | 4,956 | 15.2 | 4.1 | 11.1 | ||
2006 | 7,391 | 1,830 | 5,561 | 16.9 | 4.2 | 12.7 | ||
2007 | 8,284 | 1,625 | 6,659 | 19.3 | 3.8 | 15.5 | ||
2008 | 9,215 | 1,561 | 7,654 | 21.8 | 3.7 | 18.1 | ||
2009 | 9,572 | 1,877 | 7,695 | 22.9 | 4.5 | 18.4 | 2.51 | |
2010 | 11,178 | 1,857 | 9,321 | 27.1 | 4.5 | 22.6 | 2.99 | |
2011 | 414 | 11,408 | 1,705 | 9,703 | 27.0 | 4.0 | 23.0 | 2.94 |
2012 | 430 | 9,350 | 1,595 | 7,755 | 21.4 | 3.7 | 17.7 | 2.27 |
2013 | 442 | 9,498 | 1,568 | 7,930 | 21.2 | 3.5 | 17.7 | 2.23 |
2014 | 453 | 9,858 | 1,586 | 8,272 | 21.5 | 3.5 | 18.0 | 2.28 |
2015 | 463 | 8,647 | 1,557 | 7,090 | 18.5 | 3.3 | 15.2 | 1.97 |
2016 | 472 | 7,750 | 1,555 | 6,195 | 16.3 | 3.3 | 13.0 | 1.75 |
2017 | 480 | 7,890 | 1,554 | 6,336 | 16.3 | 3.2 | 13.1 | 1.77 |
2018 | 488 | 8,048 | 1,548 | 6,500 | 16.3 | 3.1 | 13.2 | 1.79 |
2019 | 497 | 8,252 | 1,529 | 6,723 | 16.4 | 3.0 | 13.4 | 1.83 |
2020 | 507 | 8,463 | 1,891 | 6,572 | 16.6 | 3.7 | 12.9 | 1.85 |
2021 | 513 | 8,480 | 2,194 | 6,286 | 16.3 | 4.2 | 12.1 | 1.87 |
2022 | 7,912 | 1,727 | 6,185 | 15.0 | 3.3 | 11.7 | 1.83 | |
2023 | 7,844 | 1,705 | 6,139 | 15.0 | 3.3 | 11.7 |
Note: Total fertility rate 2009, 2010, 2011 source:[113]
Life expectancy
Ingushetia has life expectancy noticeably higher than in any other federal subjects of the Russian Federation.[114][115] In such way, Ingushetia is a Russian "blue zone". In the pre-pandemic 2019, life expectancy in Ingushetia was the same as in Switzerland, according to estimation of WHO, — 83.4 years.
2019 | 2021 | |
---|---|---|
Average: | 83.4 years | 80.5 years |
Male: | 80.0 years | 77.3 years |
Female: | 86.3 years | 83.3 years |
-
Life expectancy at birth in Ingushetia
-
Life expectancy with calculated differences
-
Life expectancy in Ingushetia in comparison with other regions of the North Caucasus
-
Interactive chart of comparison of male and female life expectancy for 2021. Open the original svg-file in a separate window and hover over a bubble to highlight it.
-
Analogious interactive chart of comparison of urban and rural life expectancy.
Original interactive file.
Ethnic groups
According to the
Other groups include
Ethnic group |
1926 Census | 1939 Census | 1959 Census | 1970 Census | 1979 Census | 1989 Census | 2002 Census | 2010 Census | 2021 Census1 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Ingush | 47,280 | 61.6% | 79,462 | 58.0% | 44,634 | 40.6% | 99,060 | 66.0% | 113,889 | 74.2% | 138,626 | 74.5% | 361,057 | 77.3% | 385,537 | 94.1% | 473,440 | 96.4% |
Chechens
|
2,553 | 3.3% | 7,746 | 5.7% | 5,643 | 5.1% | 8,724 | 5.8% | 9,182 | 6.0% | 19,195 | 10.3% | 95,403 | 20.4% | 18,765 | 4.6% | 12,240 | 2.5% |
Russians | 24,185 | 31.5% | 43,389 | 31.7% | 51,549 | 46.9% | 37,258 | 24.8% | 26,965 | 17.6% | 24,641 | 13.2% | 5,559 | 1.2% | 3,321 | 0.8% | 3,294 | 0.7% |
Ukrainians | 1,501 | 2.0% | 1,921 | 1.4% | 1,763 | 1.6% | 1,068 | 0.7% | 687 | 0.4% | 753 | 0.4% | 189 | 0.0% | 91 | 0.0% | 34 | 0.0% |
Others | 1,215 | 1.6% | 4,549 | 3.3% | 6,438 | 5.9% | 3,978 | 2.7% | 2,852 | 1.9% | 2,781 | 1.5% | 5,086 | 1.1% | 1,918 | 0.5% | 2,129 | 0.4% |
1 18,404people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[117] |
Religion
Ingushetia is one of the most religious regions of Russia.
Education
Geography
Ingushetia is situated on the northern slopes of the
A 150-kilometer (93 mi) stretch of the Caucasus Mountains runs through the territory of the republic.
Rivers
Major rivers include:
- Terek River
- Assa River
- Sunzha River
Natural resources
Ingushetia is rich in
reserves.Climate
Ingushetia's climate is mostly continental.
- Average January temperature: −10 °C (14 °F)
- Average July temperature: 21 °C (70 °F)
- Average annual precipitation: 450–650 mm (18–26 in)
- Average annual temperature: +10 °C (50 °F)
Economy
There are some natural resources in Ingushetia:
Notable people
- Russian Federation.
- Musa Evloev, Greco-Roman wrestler. He is a two-time world champion, Olympic champion, and two-time national champion,
- Movsar Evloev, #5 Ranked UFC Featherweight.[128]
- Idris Bazorkin, writer.[129]
- Ruslan Aushev, infantry general, Hero of the Soviet Union, first president of Ingushetia.
- Rakhim Chakkhiev, boxer.[130]
- Issa Kodzoev, writer.[131]
- Issa Kostoyev, policeman who captured serial killer Andrei Chikatilo.[132]
- Nazyr Mankiev, wrestler.[133]
- Murad Ozdoev, WWII fighter pilot and recipient of the title Hero of the Russian Federation.
- Sulom-Beck Oskanov, Air Force general.
- Islam Timurziev, boxer.
See also
Notes
- ^ /ˌɪŋɡʊˈʃɛtiə/ ING-guu-SHET-ee-ə; Ingush: ГӀалгӏайче, romanized: Ghalghajče; Russian: Ингуше́тия, IPA: [ɪnɡʊˈʂetʲɪjə].
- ^ Also referred as Ingush Republic. Ingush: Гӏалгӏай Мохк, romanized: Ghalghaj Moxk; Russian: Респу́блика Ингуше́тия, romanized: Respúblika Ingushétiya.
References
- ^ a b Constitution of the Republic of Ingushetia, Article 64
- ^ Official website of the Republic of Ingushetia. Head of the Republic of Ingushetia Archived 10 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
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- 27 февраля 1994 г. «Конституция Республики Ингушетия», в ред. Закона №1-РЗП от 8 мая 2013 г. «О поправке к Конституции Республики Ингушетия». Опубликован: Сборник Конституций субъектов Федерации "Конституции Республик в составе Российской Федерации", выпуск 1, 1995. (February 27, 1994 Constitution of the Republic of Ingushetia, as amended by the Law #1-RZP of May 8, 2013 On the Amendment to the Constitution of the Republic of Ingushetia. ). (in Russian)
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Literature
- Albogachieva, Makka (2015). "Демаркация границ Ингушетии" [Demarcation of the borders of Ingushetia] (PDF). In Karpov, Yury (ed.). Горы и границы: Этнография посттрадиционных обществ [Mountains and Borders: An Ethnography of Post-Traditional Societies] (in Russian). ISBN 978-5-88431-290-6.
- Gadzhiev, Magomed; Davudov, Omar; Shikhsaidov, Amri (1996). Gadzhiev, Magomed; Gamzatov, Gadzhi; Davudov, Omar; Osmanov, Ahmed; Osmanov, Magomed-Zagir; Shikhsaidov, Amri (eds.). История Дагестана с древнейших времен до конца XV в. [History of Dagestan from ancient times to the end of the 15th century] (PDF) (in Russian). Makhachkala: DSC of RAS. pp. 1–460.
- Gadzhiev, Magomed; Davudov, Omar; Kaymarazov, Gani; Osmanov, Ahmed; Ramazanov, Khidir; Shikhsaidov, Amri, eds. (2004). История Дагестана с древнейших времен до наших дней. Tom 1: История Дагестана с древнейших времен до XX века [History of Dagestan from ancient times to the present day. Vol. 1: History of Dagestan from ancient times to the 20th century] (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka. pp. 1–627. ISBN 5-02-009852-3.
- "ИНГУШЕ́ТИЯ" [INGUSHÉTIA]. Great Russian Encyclopedia (in Russian). Retrieved 12 January 2024.
- "Ingushetiya". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
- Karpeev, Igor (2000). Dolmatov, Vladimir (ed.). "Наиб Ахбердилав" [Nail Akhberdilav]. Rodina (in Russian). No. 1/2. Moscow: FGBU Red. "Rossiyskaya Gazeta". pp. 90–93.
- Kodzoev, Nurdin (2002). "Глава 4. Ингушетия в XV—XVIII вв." [Chapter 5. Ingushetia in the 15–18th centuries]. История ингушского народа [History of the Ingush people] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Kodzoev, Nurdin (2002). "Глава 5. Ингушетия в XIX в." [Chapter 5. Ingushetia in the 19th century]. История ингушского народа [History of the Ingush people] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2019.
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: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Krupnov, Evgeny (1939). "К истории Ингушии" [To the history of Ingushiya]. Journal of Ancient History (in Russian). 2 (7). Moscow: Nauka: 77–90.
- Latham-Sprinkle, John (2022). "The Alan Capital *Magas: A Preliminary Identification of Its Location". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 85 (1): 1–20. S2CID 249556131. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
- Martirosian, Georgi (1928). Нагорная Ингушия [Upland Ingushiya] (in Russian). Vladikavkaz: Izd-vo "Serdalo". pp. 1–153.
- Martirosian, Georgi (1933). История Ингушии [History of Ingushiya] (in Russian). Ordzhonikidze: Izd-vo "Serdalo".
- Nichols, Johanna (1997). The Ingush (with notes on the Chechen). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on 8 December 2006.
- ISBN 9780415315951.
- ISSN 1813-6583.
- Tmenov, Vitaly; Kuznetsov, Vladimir; Gutnov, Felix; Totoev, Felix (1987). "Глава IX: Северная Осетия в XIV —XV вв." [Chapter 9: North Ossetia in the 14th-15th centuries]. In Dzugaeva, E. Kh.; et al. (eds.). История Северо-Осетинской АССР: С древнейших времен до наших дней [History of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: From ancient times to the present day] (in Russian). Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Ordzhonikidze: Ir. pp. 133–150.
- Volkova, Nataliya (1973). Lavrov, Leonid (ed.). Этнонимы и племенные названия Северного Кавказа [Ethnonyms and tribal names of the North Caucasus] (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka. pp. 1–210.
External links
- News from Ingushetia
- News and History of Ingushetia
- Official website of Ingushetia (in Russian)
- Unofficial website of Ingushetia (in Russian)
- Ingush Music/Video/Literature website (in Russian)
- Magas, Ingush youth website (in Russian)
- Head of Ingushetia's website (in Russian)
- Ingushetia's Republic News Portal (in Russian)
- Ingushetia Videos (in Russian)
- National Project: People of Ingushetia Archived 9 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)