8th century BC

The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. The 8th century BC was a period of great change for several historically significant civilizations. In Egypt, the 23rd and 24th dynasties lead to rule from Kingdom of Kush in the 25th Dynasty. The Neo-Assyrian Empire reaches the peak of its power, conquering the Kingdom of Israel as well as nearby countries.

Classical Antiquity, with the first Olympiad set at 776 BC, and the epics of Homer

dated to between 750 and 650 BC.

priestly schools in Brahmana commentaries, and the earliest Upanishads mark the beginning of Vedanta

philosophy.

Events

Late 8th century BC:
Kalhu (modern Nimrud, Iraq) are made. They are now at Iraq Museum, Baghdad
. Discovered in 1988.

Second half of the 8th century BC: In the Kingdom of Judah, Jerusalem begins an expansion in population and size, going from a small town into a major city.
King of Athens
, dies after a reign of 27 years and is succeeded by his son Agamestor.

780s BC

788 BC: The Malay society of Sungai Batu in Old Kedah Kingdom (History of Kedah) had established the dynamic city port and industry which iron smelting has operated in a large scale and their entreport was an important trade centre. Iron was the major commodity which exported from Sungai Batu, Old Kedah Kingdom or it was known in the past as Kataha, Qalah, Chie-Cha and some other names. At these time, Old Kedah Kingdom located in Malaysia or the Malay Peninsula
. The excavation works at the ancient city are still going on.

783 BC: Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria
.

Argishtis I at the site of current-day Yerevan
.

Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC—256 BC)

of China.

Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC—256 BC)

of China.

780 BC: The first historic solar eclipse
is recorded in China.

(Although Greece, Egypt, and other Eastern societies had mentioned solar and lunar eclipses, and had been counting their centuries on lunar and solar cycles, the mentioned solar eclipse lasted longer than previous records.)

770s BC

King of Athens
, dies after a reign of 17 years and is succeeded by his son Aeschylus.
776 BC: retrospectively set as the first Olympiad. The history of the Olympic Games is believed to reach as far back as the 13th century BC.
774 BC: End of the reign of king Pygmalion of Tyre.
773 BC: Death of Shoshenq III, king of Egypt
.

Ashur-Dan III succeeds his brother Shalmaneser IV as king of Assyria
.

Crown Prince Ji Yijiu escapes and will reign as King Ping of Zhou
.

Chengzhou (today Luoyang
).

760s BC

June 15,
chronology of the Ancient Near East
.
Mid-8th century BC: Model of temple, found in the Sanctuary of Hera, Argos, is made. It is now at National Archeological Museum, Athens.

750s BC

756 BC: Founding of Cyzicus.
Ashur-Dan III as king of Assyria
.

Alcmaeon

.

King of Athens, dies after a reign of 2 years. He is replaced by Harops, elected Archon
for a ten-year term.

April 21, 753 BC: Rome founded by Romulus (according to tradition). Beginning of the Roman 'Ab urbe condita' calendar.

740s BC

February 26, 747 BC: Nabonassar becomes king of Babylon.
747 BC: Meles becomes king of Lydia.
747 BC: The Lusatian culture city at Biskupin is founded.^[1]
745 BC: The crown of Assyria is seized by Pul, who takes the name Tiglath-Pileser III.
743 BC: Duke Zhuang of the Chinese state of Zheng comes to power.
Arpad in Syria
after two years of siege.

740 BC: Start of Ahaz's reign of Judah.

730s BC

Tyre
.
738 BC: King Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria invades Israel
, forcing it to pay tribute.

734 BC: Syracuse
(Sicily) was founded as a colony by Corinth.

734 BC: Naxus in Sicily founded as a colony of Chalcis in Euboea
. (traditional date)

732 BC: Hoshea becomes the last king of Israel
.

Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt

.

730 BC: Piye succeeds his father Kashta as king of the Nubian kingdom of Napata
.

Tyre

.

720s BC

728 BC: Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Delta. He founds the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
.

727 BC: Babylonia makes itself independent of Assyria
.

Tyre

.

724 BC: The diaulos
footrace introduced at the Olympics.

Zhou Dynasty

reigns in name only.

722 BC: Israel is conquered by Assyrian king Sargon II
.

Tyre

.

710s BC

719 BC: King Huan of Zhou of the Zhou dynasty becomes ruler of China.
718 BC: Gyges becomes the ruler of Lydia.
717 BC: Assyrian king Sargon conquers the Hittite stronghold of Carchemish.
capital for Assyria at Dur-Sharrukin
.

716 BC: Roman legend marks this as the date that Romulus ended his rule.
715 BC: Start of the reign of Roman King Numa Pompilius.
713 BC: Numa Pompilius reforms the Roman calendar.
Pontifex Maximus
.

700s BC

706 BC: Spartan immigrants found Taras (Tarentum, the modern Taranto) colony in southern Italy.
705 BC: Sennacherib succeeds Sargon II as king of Assyria.
capital of Assyria to Nineveh
.

701 BC: King Hezekiah of Judah, backed by Egypt, revolts against king Sennacherib of Assyria. Sennacherib sacks many cities, but fails in his attempt to take Jerusalem.
Cimmerian
areas, slowly replacing the previous inhabitants.
700 BC: End of the Villanovan culture in northern Italy and rise of the Etruscan civilization.
Upanishads, a sacred text of Hinduism
, are written around this time.

Date unknown

Greeks colonize the Mediterranean and Black Seas
.

Thraco-Cimmerian influence in Central Europe.
Assyria conquers Damascus and Samaria.
The state of Zhongli in China is founded.^[2]

Notable People

Greece and Italy

Thespieus, king of Athens, r. 824-797 BC
Agamestor, king of Athens, r. 795-778 BC
Aeschylus, king of Athens, r. 778-755 BC
Alcmaeon
, king of Athens, r. 755-753 BC
Romulus, king of Rome, r. 753-716 BC
Numa Pompilius, king of Rome, r. 715-672 BC

Near East and Egypt

22nd Dynasty
), r. 837-798 BC
Pygmalion, king of Tyre, b. 842 BC, r. 831-785/774 BC
Adad-nirari III, king of Assyria, r. 811-783 BC
Menua, king of Urartu, b. c. 850 BC, r. 810-786 BC
Shoshenq IV, king of Egypt (22nd Dynasty), r. 798-785 BC
Argishtis I
, king of Urartu, b. 827 BC, r. 786-764 BC
Pami, king of Egypt (22nd Dynasty), r. 785-778 BC
Shalmaneser IV, king of Assyria, r. 783-773 BC
Ashur-dan III, king of Assyria, r. 773-755 BC
Shoshenq V, king of Egypt (22nd Dynasty), r. 767-730 BC
Ithobaal II, king of Tyre, r. 760-739 BC
Ashur-nirari V, king of Assyria, r. 755-745 BC
Nabonassar, king of Babylon, r. 747-734 BC
Tiglath-Pileser III, king of Assyria, b. 795 BC, r. 745-727 BC
25th Dynasty
), r. 744-714 BC
Jehoahaz II, king of Judah, b. 760 BC, r. 740-724 BC
Hiram II, king of Tyre, r. 739-729 BC
Hoshea, king of Israel, r. 732-722 BC
Osorkon IV, king of Egypt (22nd Dynasty), r. 730-716 BC
Mattan II, king of Tyre, r. 729 BC-unknown
Shalmaneser V, king of Assyria, r. 727-722 BC
Hezekiah, king of Judah, b. 740 BC, r. 724-687 BC
Sargon II, king of Assyria, b. 760s BC, r. 722-705 BC
Shebitku, king of Egypt (25th Dynasty), r. 714-705 BC
Sennacherib, king of Assyria, b. 745 BC, r. 705-681 BC
Shabaka, king of Egypt (25th Dynasty), r. 705-690 BC

East Asia

Xuan, king of Zhou, r. 827-782 BC
You, king of Zhou, b. 795 BC, r. 781-771 BC
Ping, king of Eastern Zhou, r. 770-720 BC
Huan, king of Eastern Zhou, r. 719-697 BC

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Demotic writing appeared in Ancient Egypt.
alphabetic writing
.

Sovereign states

References

^ "Muzeum Archeologiczne w Biskupinie". Biskupin.pl. Retrieved 2012-07-06.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Anhui Provincial Institute (2015), p. 83.

Anhui Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Bengbu Museum (June 2015). "The Excavation of the tomb of Bai, Lord of the Zhongli State". Chinese Archaeology. 14 (1).
doi:10.1515/char-2014-0008
.

[1] "Muzeum Archeologiczne w Biskupinie". Biskupin.pl. Retrieved 2012-07-06.^{[permanent dead link]}

[FOOTNOTEAnhui_Provincial_Institute201583-2] Anhui Provincial Institute (2015), p. 83.

[1]

[2]