African Americans in Africa

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African Americans in Africa
Regions with significant populations
 Sierra Leone100,000 (descendants)[1]
 Liberia150,000 (descendants)[2]
 Ghana9,000[3][4]
 South Africa3,000[5]
 Ethiopia600–800[6]
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The history of African-American settlement in Africa extends to the beginnings of

ex-slave repatriation to Africa from European colonies in the Americas.[citation needed
]

History

Ex-enslaved

The immigration of African Americans, West Indians, and Black Britons to Africa occurred mainly during the late 18th century to mid-19th century. In the cases of Liberia and Sierra Leone both were established by freed enslaved people who were repatriated to Africa within a 28-year period.[citation needed]

However, other ex-enslaved people were repatriated from other European territories and colonies. The

Malê Revolt in 1835); they constitute a minority ethnic group on the coastal regions of modern-day Ghana and Togo.[7]

Back-to-Africa movement

Main article: Back-to-Africa movement

Following the

Mississippi in Africa, and others – that would combine to create Liberia. African-American abolitionist and Army officer Martin Delany supported a project for African-American immigration to Liberia later in his lifetime. However, it declined by the end of the 19th century following a string of hoaxes and fraudulent activities associated with the movement.[citation needed
]

Beginning in 1787, the British government made their first attempt to settle people in Sierra Leone. About 300

Sierra Leone Creole
people.

The Back-to-Africa movement achieved popularity again with

Haile Selassie I, the emperor of Ethiopia, as a reincarnation of Jesus and Garvey as a patron saint, managed to secure a settlement in Shashamane, which exists to this day and constitutes over 200 individuals out of an urban population of around 95,000.[citation needed
]

People

Ghana

Main article:
African-Americans in Ghana

Another African-American settlement is concentrated in

W. E. B. DuBois settled in Ghana in his last years and is buried in Accra), and the government has made controversial overtures to gain more African-American residents and tourists, including enacting a right of abode law in 2001.[9][10][11][12][13]
Organizations have been established to support African-American residents in Ghana, including the African-American Association of Ghana.

As of 2019, there were 4,000 Jamaicans living in Ghana along with the estimated 5,000 African-Americans who have moved to the country in recent decades.[14]

Liberia

Main article: Americo-Liberian people

Americo-Liberian people,

Afro-Caribbean, and Liberated African descent. A similar ethnic group to the Americo-Liberians are the Sierra Leone Creole people, who shared similar ancestry and related culture.[16]
Americo-Liberians trace their ancestry to free-born and formerly enslaved African Americans who emigrated in the 19th century to become the founders of the state of Liberia. They identified there as Americo-Liberians.

Sierra Leone

Main article: Sierra Leone Creole people
See also: Black Nova Scotians

Some African Americans, following resettlement in Canada, also participated as founding settlers in

Côte d'Ivoire.[16]
Their descendants are the Sierra Leone Creole people.

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-8020-7402-7
    . Originally published by Longman & Dalhousie University Press (1976).
  2. ^ "Liberia, the unsuccessful return of African descendants". Lisapo ya Kama. 19 January 2018.
  3. ^ Essa, Azad. "Why some African Americans are moving to Africa". www.aljazeera.com.
  4. ^ "What does the word Jamaica mean in Ghana? – SidmartinBio". www.sidmartinbio.org. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  5. ^ Walker, Kenneth (20 April 2010). "The Discomfort of African Americans in South Africa". The Root.
  6. ^ Thomas Page, for (28 October 2015). "Meet the Rastafarians of Ethiopia - CNN". CNN.
  7. ISSN 0361-7882
    .
  8. ^ Sivapragasam, Michael (June 2018). After the treaties: a social, economic and demographic history of Maroon society in Jamaica, 1739-1842 (Thesis). University of Southampton. pp. 136–154.
  9. ^ Essien, Kwame,"The Atlantic Diaspora: African American Communities in Ghana, 1980 to 2005". Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History, Atlanta Hilton, Charlotte, NC, 15 December 2013.
  10. ^ Mensah, Ishmael, "Marketing Ghana As A Mecca For The African-American Tourist", GhanaWeb, 10 June 2004.
  11. ^ "Ghana and The Right to Abode For African Americans" Archived 2017-04-24 at the Wayback Machine. ChickenBones.
  12. Time magazine
    , 21 August 2006.
  13. ^ Lydia Polgreen, "Ghana's Uneasy Embrace of Slavery's Diaspora", The New York Times, 27 December 2005.
  14. ^ "'Jamaica is my love, Ghana is my sweetheart' - With similar culture, climate, Sinclair urges countrymen to turn eyes to West Africa". jamaica-gleaner.com. 19 June 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  15. ^ Cooper, Helene, The House at Sugar Beach: In Search of a Lost African Childhood (United States: Simon and Schuster, 2008), p. 6
  16. ^ a b Liberia: History, Geography, Government, and Culture, Infoplease.com
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