List of African-American mathematicians
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Historical landmarks
1792: Benjamin Banneker calculated planetary movements and predicted eclipses in his Almanac.[3]
1867: Howard University established its Department of Mathematics.[4]
1895: Joseph Carter Corbin, president of Branch Normal College (now University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff), published his first problem in American Mathematical Monthly.[5]
1916: Dudley Weldon Woodard became a charter member of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA).[5]
1925: Elbert Frank Cox is the first African-American awarded a doctoral degree in mathematics, from Cornell University.[6]
1929: Dudley Weldon Woodard is the first African-American mathematician known to publish in a mathematics journal,[7] with an article "On two-dimensional analysis situs with special reference to the Jordan curve-theorem" in Fundamenta Mathematicae.[8]
1943: Euphemia Lofton Haynes is the first African-American woman to gain a doctoral degree in mathematics.[6]
1951: The MAA Board of Governors adopted a resolution to conduct their scientific and business meetings, and social gatherings "without discrimination as to race, creed, or color".[5]
1956: Gloria Ford Gilmer is believed to be the first African-American woman to publish mathematical research, co-authoring an article in Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society and another in Pacific Journal of Mathematics.[9][10][11]
1969: 17 African-American mathematicians met in New Orleans, forming the National Association of Mathematicians to "promote excellence in the mathematical sciences and to promote the mathematical development of under-represented American minorities".[12][13]
1973: Mathematician David Blackwell becomes the first African-American in any field to be elected to membership of the National Academy of Sciences.[14]
1976: Howard University establishes the first PhD program in mathematics at a
1980: The Claytor Lecture – now the Claytor-Woodard Lecture in honor of William W S Claytor and Dudley Weldon Woodard – is established at MAA.[12][16]
1982: Civil rights leader, Bob Moses (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), used his MacArthur Fellowship to start the Algebra Project, a national mathematics literacy program for high schools.[17]
1988: The MAA established a task force that led to the formation in 1990 of SUMMA, a program for the Strengthening of Underrepresented Minority Mathematics Achievement.[5][18]
1992: Mathematician
1994: The Blackwell Lecture is established for MAA meetings, jointly by MAA and NAM, as well as the NAM Wilkins Lecture and Bharucha-Reid Lecture.[12][20][21][22]
1995: The first CAARMS – Conference for African American Researchers in Mathematical Sciences – was held, to highlight the work of researchers and students and encourage the careers of under-represented groups in mathematics.[23] Proceedings are published by the American Mathematical Society in its Contemporary Mathematics series.[24]
1997:
1997 Scott W. Williams produced the website, Mathematicians of the African Diaspora, a collection of African-American mathematicians, newsletter, and resources on Africans in mathematics. By early 2007 it had close to 5 million visitors.[25][26] The website has been cataloged by the Library of Congress.[27]
1999: The mathematics departments of the 25 highest-ranked universities in the US had more than 900 faculty members, of whom 4 were African-American.[7]
2003: Clarence F. Stephens is the first African-American to be honored with the Mathematical Association of America's (MAA) most prestigious award, for Distinguished Service to Mathematics.[28]
2004: The Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) and MAA formally established the Etta Zuber Falconer Lecture.[29]
2015: Katherine Coleman Johnson received the Presidential Medal of Freedom.[30]
2016: Hidden Figures,[1] by Margot Lee Shetterley, is published, going on to win multiple awards and reach number 1 on the New York Times bestseller list.[31] It tells the story of African-American women mathematicians at NASA during the space race.
2017: The film adaptation,
2020: The updated website Mathematicians of the African Diaspora debuted in October. The new site is supported by the National Association of Mathematicians (NAM) and the Educational Advancement Foundation (EAF).[33]
Doctoral degrees in mathematics
The lists of doctoral degrees, including the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in mathematics and Doctor of Education (EdD), draw from these sources: Turner (1971),[34] Greene (1974),[35] Williams (1997),[36] Zeitz (2008),[37] Shakil (2010),[6] and the Mathematical Association of America.[38] (Please add any further candidates for these lists here, or on the talk page.)
First men and women
These are the first 12 known PhDs by African-American men and women in mathematics, in alphabetical order for years with multiple doctorate holders, with women first.
Year | Gender | Photo | Name | Awarded | Dissertation title | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1925 | (M) | Elbert Frank Cox | Cornell University | The polynomial solutions of the difference equation af(x+1) + bf(x) = φ(x) | [39] | |
1928 | (M) | External | Dudley Weldon Woodard | University of Pennsylvania | On two-dimensional analysis situs with special reference to the Jordan Curve Theorem | [40] |
1933 | (M) | External | William Schieffelin Claytor | University of Pennsylvania | Topological immersion of peanian continua in a spherical surface | [41][42] |
1934 | (M) | External | Walter Richard Talbot | University of Pittsburgh | Fundamental regions in S6 for the simple quaternary G60, type I | [43] |
1938 | (M) | External | Reuben Roosevelt McDaniel | Cornell University | Approximation to algebraic numbers by means of periodic sequences of transformations on quadratic forms | [44] |
1938 | (M) | External | Joseph Alphonso Pierce | University of Michigan | A study of universe n finite populations with application to moment-function adjustments for grouped data | [45][46] |
1941 | (M) | David Harold Blackwell | University of Illinois
|
Some properties of Markoff chains | [47] | |
1942 | (M) | Robert Coleman | Columbia University | The development of informal geometry | [48] | |
1942 | (M) | Jesse Ernest Wilkins
|
University of Chicago | Multiple integral problems in parametric form in the calculus of variations | [49][50] | |
1943 | (F) | M. Euphemia Lofton Haynes | Catholic University of America | Determination of sets of independent conditions characterizing certain special cases of symmetric correspondences | [51] | |
1944 | (M) | External | Joseph James Dennis | Northwestern University | Some points in the theory of positive definite J-fractions | [52] |
1944 | (M) | External | Wade Ellis | University of Michigan | On relations satisfied by linear operators on a three dimensional linear vector space | [53] |
1944 | (M) | External | Clarence F. Stephens | University of Michigan | Nonlinear difference equations analytic in a parameter | [54][55] |
1949 | (F) | Evelyn Boyd Granville | Yale University | On laguerre series in the complex domain | [56] | |
1950 | (F) | Marjorie Lee Browne | University of Michigan | Studies of oneparameter subgroups of certain topological and matrix groups | [57] | |
1961 | (F) | External | Georgia Caldwell Smith | University of Pittsburgh | Some results on the anticenter of a group | [58] |
1962 | (F) | External | Gloria Conyers Hewitt | University of Washington | Direct and inverse limits of abstract algebras | [59] |
1965 | (F) | Thyrsa Frazier Svager | Ohio State University | On the product of absolutely continuous transformations of measure spaces | [60] | |
1966 | (F) | Vivienne Malone-Mayes | University of Texas at Austin | A structure problem in asymptotic analysis | [61] | |
1966 | (F) | External | Shirley Mathis McBay | University of Georgia | The homology theory of metabelian lie algebras | [62] |
1966 | (F) | External | Eleanor Green Dawley Jones | Syracuse University | Abelian groups and their endomorphism rings and the quasi-endomorphism of torsion free abelian groups | [63] |
1967 | (F) | Geraldine Claudette Darden
|
Syracuse University | On direct sums of cyclic groups | [64] | |
1967 | (F) | External | Annie Marie Watkins Garraway
|
University of California, Berkeley | Structure of some cocycles in analysis | [65] |
Doctoral degrees 1925 to 1975
This list includes PhDs awarded to
Indicates first known African-American man or woman awarded a PhD at an academic institution |
Year | Gender | Name | Awarded by | Dissertation title | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1925 | (M) | Elbert Frank Cox | Cornell University | The polynomial solutions of the difference equation af(x+1) + bf(x) = [Phi](x) | [39] |
1928 | (M) | Dudley Weldon Woodard | University of Pennsylvania | On two-dimensional analysis situs with special reference to the Jordan Curve Theorem | [40] |
1933 | (M) | William Schieffelin Claytor | University of Pennsylvania | Topological immersion of peanian continua in a spherical surface | [41][42] |
1934 | (M) | Walter Richard Talbot | University of Pittsburgh | Fundamental regions in S6 for the simple quaternary G60, type I | [43] |
1938 | (M) | Reubin Roosevelt McDaniel | Cornell University | Approximation to algebraic numbers by means of periodic sequences of transformations on quadratic forms | [44] |
1938 | (M) | Joseph Alphonso Pierce | University of Michigan | A study of universe n finite populations with application to moment-function adjustments for grouped data | [45][46] |
1941 | (M) | David H. Blackwell | University of Illinois
|
Some properties of Markoff chains | [47] |
1942 | (M) | Robert Coleman | Columbia University | The development of informal geometry | [48] |
1942 | (M) | Jesse Ernest Wilkins
|
University of Chicago | Multiple integral problems in parametric form in the calculus of variations | [49][50] |
1943 | (F) | M. Euphemia Lofton Haynes | Catholic University of America | Determination of sets of independent conditions characterizing certain special cases of symmetric correspondences | [51] |
1944 | (M) | Joseph James Dennis | Northwestern University | Some points in the theory of positive definite J-fractions | [52] |
1944 | (M) | Wade Ellis | University of Michigan | On relations satisfied by linear operators on a three dimensional linear vector space | [53] |
1944 | (M) | Clarence F. Stephens | University of Michigan | Nonlinear difference equations analytic in a parameter | [54][55] |
1945 | (M) | Warren Hill Brothers | University of Michigan | On the solution of boundary value problems in hyperbolic differential equations | [66] |
1945 | (M) | Jeremiah Certaine | Harvard University | Lattice-ordered groupoids and some related problems | [67] |
1949 | (F) | Evelyn Boyd Granville | Yale University | On laguerre series in the complex domain | [56] |
1950 | (F) | Marjorie Lee Browne | University of Michigan | Studies of oneparameter subgroups of certain topological and matrix groups | [57] |
1951 | (M) | George H. Butcher | University of Pennsylvania | An extension of the sum theorem of dimension theory | [68] |
1953 | (M) | Luna I. Mishoe | New York University | On the expansion of an arbitrary function in terms of the Eigenfunctions of a nonself adjoint differential system | [69] |
1953 | (M) | Fred B. Wright | University of Chicago | Ideals in operator algebras | [70] |
1954 | (M) | Charles Bernard Bell, Jr | University of Notre Dame | Structures of measure spaces | [71] |
1955 | (M) | Vincent V. McCrae | Catholic University of America | On the unitary similarity of matrices | [72] |
1955 | (M) | Abdulalim A. Shabazz | Cornell University | On the distribution of eigenvalues of [Integral sign]a̳-a̳a(s-t)[phi](t)dt=p[[integral sign]a̳-a̳b(s-t)[phi](t)dt+[eta][phi](s)] | [73] |
1956 | (M) | Lloyd K. Williams | University of California, Berkeley | On separating transcendency bases | [74] |
1957 | (M) | Elgy S. Johnson | Catholic University of America | Properties of solutions of nonlinear differential equations | [75] |
1957 | (M) | John Quill Taylor King | University of Texas
|
A statistical analysis of the economic aspects of nineteen Protestant church-related colleges in Texas | [76] |
1959 | (M) | Israel Everett Glover | Oklahoma State University
|
On analytic functions having as singular sets certain closed and bounded sets | [77] |
1959 | (M) | Laurence Raymond Harper Jr | University of Chicago | Some properties of partially stable algebras | [78] |
1960 | (M) | Charles Gladstone Costley | University of Illinois
|
Singular nonlinear integral equation with complex valued kernels of type N | [79] |
1960 | (M) | Beauregard Stubblefield | University of Michigan | Some compact product spaces which cannot be imbedded in euclidean n-space | [80] |
1961 | (M) | Jesse Paul Clay | University of Pennsylvania | Proximity and equicontinuity in transformation groups | [81] |
1961 | (M) | Rogers Joseph Newman | University of Michigan | Capacity and Tchebycheff polynomials | [82] |
1961 | (F) | Georgia Caldwell Smith | University of Pittsburgh | Some results on the anticenter of a group | [58] |
1962 | (F) | Gloria Conyers Hewitt | University of Washington | Direct and inverse limits of abstract algebras | [59] |
1962 | (M) | Robert Oreece Abernathy | University of California, Berkeley | On singular fourth order elliptic partial differential equations | [83] |
1962 | (M) | John Henry Bennett | Harvard University | Truncation errors in numerical solutions of the transport equation | [84] |
1962 | (M) | Socrates Walter Saunders | University of Pittsburgh | Analytic continuation by certain product-summability methods | [85] |
1962 | (M) | Theodore Roosevelt Sykes | Pennsylvania State University | On a generalization of orthogonal polynomials | [86] |
1963 | (M) | Joseph Battle | University of Michigan | Imbedding of graphs in orientable 2-manifolds | [87] |
1963 | (M) | Simmie Samuel Blakney | University of Illinois
|
Lusin's theorem in metric theory | [88] |
1963 | (M) | Earl Owen Embree | University of Illinois
|
A class of linear differential equations involving distributions | [89] |
1963 | (M) | William Andrew McWorter | Ohio State University | Phi algebras | [90] |
1964 | (F) | Mary Rodriguez Embry | University of North Carolina | Subspaces associated with contractions in Hilbert space | [91] |
1964 | (M) | Alfred D. Stewart | University of Texas
|
On the Abel equation in n-dimensions, n ≥ 2[92] | [93] |
1965 | (F) | Thyrsa Frazier Svager | Ohio State University | On the product of absolutely continuous transformations of measure spaces | [60] |
1965 | (M) | James Ashley Donaldson | University of Illinois
|
Integral representations of the extended airy integral type for the modified Bessel function | [94] |
1966 | (M) | William Thomas Fletcher | University of Idaho | On the decomposition of associative algebras of prime characteristic | [95] |
1966 | (F) | Vivienne Malone-Mayes | University of Texas at Austin | A structure problem in asymptotic analysis | [61] |
1966 | (F) | Shirley Mathis McBay | University of Georgia | The homology theory of metabelian lie algebras | [62] |
1966 | (F) | Eleanor Green Dawley Jones | Syracuse University | Abelian groups and their endomorphism rings and the quasi-endomorphism of torsion free abelian groups | [63] |
1966 | (M) | Harvey T. Banks | Purdue University | Optimal control problems with delay | [96] |
1966 | (M) | John Albert Ewell | University of California, Los Angeles | On the determination of sets by sets of sums of fixed order | [97] |
1966 | (M) | Charles Edward Morris | University of Illinois
|
Normal subgroups of the sympletic group on a countably infinite dimensional vector space | [98] |
1967 | (F) | Geraldine Claudette Darden
|
Syracuse University | On direct sums of cyclic groups | [64] |
1967 | (F) | Annie Marie Watkins Garraway
|
University of California, Berkeley | Structure of some cocycles in analysis | [65] |
1967 | (M) | Llayron Leon Clarkson | University of Texas
|
A theorem concerning product integrals | [99] |
1967 | (M) | Lloyd A. Demetrius | University of Chicago | Structural organization in cellular systems: a mathematical approach | [100] |
1967 | (M) | Samuel Horace Douglas | Oklahoma State University
|
Convexity lattices related to topological lattices and incidence geometries | [101] |
1967 | (M) | Melvin Heard | Purdue University | Linear functional differential equation of neutral type | [102] |
1967 | (M) | Ralph Brooks Turner | Brown University | Low Reynolds number flow of particulate fluids | [103] |
1968 | (F) | M. Lovenia DeConge-Watson | St. Louis University
|
2-normed lattices and 2-metric spaces | [104] |
1968 | (M) | John Chukwuemeka Amazigo | Harvard University | Buckling under axial compression of long cylindrical shells with random axisymmetric imperfections | [105] |
1968 | (M) | Earl Russell Barnes | University of Maryland
|
The optimal control of systems with distributed parameters | [106] |
1968 | (M) | Milton Andrew Gordon | Illinois Institute of Technology | On a class of degree one algebras | [107] |
1968 | (M) | Phillip Eugene McNeil | Pennsylvania State University | The structure of certain semigroups with two idempotents | [108] |
1968 | (M) | Wilbur Lee Smith | Pennsylvania State University | On infinite product measures and semi-regular measures | [109] |
1968 | (M) | Donald Frank St Mary | University of Nebraska
|
Oscillation and comparison theorems for second order linear differential equation | [110] |
1968 | (M) | Donald Derrick Weddington | University of Miami | k-Spaces | [111] |
1968 | (M) | James Harris White | University of Minnesota | Self-linking and the Gauss integral in higher dimensions | [112] |
1969 | (F) | Etta Zuber Falconer | Emory University | Quasigroup identities invariant under isotopy | [113] |
1969 | (M) | Raymond Lewis Johnson | Rice University | A priori estimates and unique continuation theorems for second order parabolic equations | [114] |
1969 | (M) | Robert S. Smith | Pennsylvania State University | (Title not identified) | [115] |
1969 | (M) | James Ernie Warner | Case Western University
|
Asymptotic properties of multivariate permutation tests with applications to signal detection | [116] |
1969 | (M) | Scott Warner Williams | Lehigh University | The transfinite cardinal covering dimension | [117] |
1970 | (M) | Japheth Hall | University of Alabama | On the theory of structures in sets | [118] |
1970 | (M) | Guy Theodore Hogan | Ohio State University | Variations on the Hp problem for finite p-groups | [119] |
1970 | (M) | Lonnie Williams Keith | Kansas State University | Nearly distribution-free tests for equal variances in two populations when the means are unknown | [120] |
1970 | (M) | Sonde Ndubeze Nwankpa | Michigan State University | Generalized Sylvester Gallai configurations | [121] |
1971 | (F) | Dolores Margaret Richard Spikes
|
Louisiana State University | Semi-valuations and groups of divisibility | [122] |
1971 | (M) | Orville Edward Kean | University of Pennsylvania | Abstract horn theories | [123] |
1971 | (M) | Nguthu John Mutio | Syracuse University | Frobenius groups | [124] |
1971 | (M) | Eddie Robert Williams | Columbia University | The Poincaré lemma with estimates | [125] |
1970 | (M) | Nathan Frank Simms | Lehigh University | Stable homotopy in Frobenius categories | [126] |
1971 | (M) | Charles Dwight Lahr | Syracuse University | Approximate identities and multipliers for certain convolution measure algebras | [127] |
1972 | (M) | Ethelbert Nwakuche Chukwu | Case Western University
|
Symmetries and identification of linear control systems | [128] |
1972 | (M) | Oscar Henry Criner | University of California, Berkeley | Regularity properties of the solutions of the two dimensional Lagrangian problem and the Lagrangiah multiplier | [129] |
1972 | (M) | Christopher Olutunde Imoru | Northwestern University | The Jensen-Steffensen inequality | [130] |
1972 | (M) | Carlos Ford-Livene | University of Southern California | Estimation, prediction, and dynamic programming in ecology | [131] |
1972 | (M) | Curtis Sylvester Means | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Initial value problems for a class of higher order partial differential equations which are related to the heat equation | [132] |
1972 | (M) | Floyd Leroy Williams | Washington University in St Louis | Reduction of tensor products of principle series representation of complex semi-simple lie groups | [133][134] |
1972 | (M) | James E. White | Yale University | (Algebraic topology - title not identified) | [135] |
1973 | (F) | Evelyn E. Wilson Thornton | University of Houston | Generalised Vietoris-Begle theorems | [136] |
1973 | (M) | Annas Aytch | University of Pittsburgh | Consistency of complex Noerland transforms | [137] |
1973 | (M) | Garth Arnold Baker | Cornell University | Projection methods for boundary value problems for equations of elliptic and parabolic type with discontinuous coefficients | [138] |
1973 | (M) | Robert Edward Bozeman | Vanderbilt University | Periodic solutions in the plane four-body problem of mixed circular-elliptic type | [139] |
1973 | (M) | Lloyd Alvin Gavin | Illinois Institute of Technology | On some classes of FK-spaces and on summability factors | [140] |
1973 | (M) | Seyoum Getu | University of Missouri | Generalizing alternative rings | [141] |
1973 | (M) | James Ervin Ginn | Texas A&M University | Product estimators in sample surveys | [142] |
1973 | (M) | Isom Harris Herron | Johns Hopkins University | A fluid dynamical theory for the motion of a particle undergoing centrifugation | [143] |
1973 | (M) | Frank A. James | New York University | (Title not identified) | [144][145] |
1973 | (M) | Manuel Keepler | University of New Mexico | Backward and forward equations for random evolutions | [146] |
1973 | (M) | Clement Aynsley Water McCalla | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Optimal control of linear hereditary systems with quadratic criterion | [147] |
1973 | (M) | Michael Noel Payne | University of California, Berkeley | Structural stability and quadratic dynamical systems | [148] |
1973 | (M) | Chester Cornelius Seabury | Stanford University | Some extension theorems for regular maps of Stein manifolds | [149] |
1973 | (M) | Hampton Wright | University of North Carolina | Coefficient identities derived from symmetric function expansions | [150] |
1974 | (F) | Elayne Arrington Idowu | University of Cincinnati | The p-Frattini subgroup of a finite group | [151] |
1974 | (F) | Rada Ruth Higgins McCreadie | Ohio State University | On the asymptotic behavior of certain sequences | [152] |
1974 | (M) | Roosevelt Gentry | Rutgers University | Compact interpolation between Banach spaces | [153] |
1974 | (M) | Tepper L. Gill | Wayne State University | Tensor products of contraction semigroups on Hilbert spaces | [154] |
1974 | (M) | Johnny Lee Houston | Purdue University | On the theory of fitting classes in certain locally finite groups | [155] |
1974 | (M) | Arthur Melvin Jones | University of Iowa | On goodness-of-fit tests for normality | [156] |
1974 | (M) | Nathaniel Knox | University of South Carolina | On the inverse semigroup coproduct of an arbitrary non-empty collection of groups | [157] |
1974 | (M) | Kevin Ejere Osondu | State University of New York, Buffalo
|
A unified theory of extension of bins to semigroups and of semigroups to groups | [158] |
1974 | (M) | Willie Elmer Taylor | University of Houston | Oscillatory properties of nonselfadjoint fourth order differential equations | [159] |
1974 | (M) | Alton Smith Wallace | University of Maryland
|
Representation theorems for solutions of differential operator equations | [160] |
1975 | (F) | Cheryll Suber-Gerelle | Kansas State University | A Markov process for predicting adult student behavior | [161] |
Doctoral degrees in mathematics education to 1975
This list includes doctorates specifically in mathematics education and doctorates in education by mathematicians/mathematics educators.
First | Indicates first known African-American man or woman awarded a doctorate in education at an academic institution |
Year | Gender | Name | Awarded by | Dissertation title | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1942 | (M) | Socrates Walter Saunders | University of Pittsburgh | Legal aspects of the education of Negroes with special emphasis on the equalization principle | [162] |
1947 | (F) | Ethel M. Turner | Columbia University | Consumer mathematics in adult education | [163] |
1950 | (M) | Caldwell Elwood Boulware | Columbia University | The emerging concept of mental arithmetic | [164] |
1951 | (M) | Theodore A Love | New York University | The relation of achievement in mathematics to certain abilities in problem-solving | [165] |
1954 | (F) | Angie Turner King | University of Pittsburgh | An analysis of early algebra textbooks used in the American secondary schools before 1900 | [166] |
1954 | (M) | Wendell Primus Jones | University of Chicago | The Negro press and the higher education of Negroes, 1933-1952: a study of news and opinion on higher education in the three leading Negro newspapers | [167] |
195? | (M) | Thomas E Bonner | Oklahoma State University
|
(Title not identified) | [168] |
1956 | (M) | Henry Madison Eldridge | University of Pittsburgh | A study in the variation in accomplishment and subject preference in different secondary schools | [169] |
1957 | (M) | Raymond Jackson Pitts | University of Michigan | An analysis and evaluation of supplementary teaching materials found in selected secondary school textbooks | [170] |
1958 | (M) | James Horatio Means | Oklahoma State University
|
Objectives of mathematics instruction in seven Texas colleges | [171] |
1959 | (M) | Major Boyd Jones | Cornell University | Techniques, methods, procedures and provisions used in selected Maryland public secondary schools in teaching mathematics to rapid learners | [172] |
1960 | (F) | Lillian Katie Bradley | University of Texas
|
An evaluation of the effectiveness of a collegiate general mathematics course | [173] |
1961 | (F) | Sadie Gasaway | Cornell University | The effectiveness of continued testing in mathematics of freshmen of varying proficiencies at Tennessee Agricultural and Industrial State University | [174] |
1962 | (F) | Louise Nixon Sutton | New York University | Concept learning in trigonometry and analytic geometry at the college level: a comparative study of two methods of teaching trigonometry and analytic geometry at the college level | [175] |
1963 | (F) | Grace Alele Williams | University of Chicago | Dynamics of education in the birth of a new nation: case study of Nigeria | [176] |
1964 | (F) | Beryl Eleanor Hunte | New York University | Demonstrative geometry during the twentieth century: an account of the various sequences used in the subject matter of demonstrative geometry from 1900 to the present time | [177] |
1964 | (M) | Ulysses Hunter | Purdue University | Essential cluster sets | [178] |
1964 | (M) | Louis Clinton Marshall | American University | Approximately continuous transformations on compact metric spaces | [179] |
1965 | (M) | John Arthur Jones | Pennsylvania State University | An intensive investigation and analysis of means for improving the mathematics programs in the colleges and universities of the United States with predominantly negro student bodies | [180] |
1966 | (M) | Eugene William Madison | University of Illinois
|
Computable algebraic structures and non-standard arithmetic[181] | |
1967 | (M) | Matthew William Crawford | Colorado State College
|
An analysis of the mathematics curriculum in the negro public high schools in Louisiana | [182] |
1967 | (M) | Calvin Elijah King | Ohio State University | A comparative study of the effectiveness of teaching a course in remedial mathematics to college students by television and by the conventional method | [183] |
1967 | (M) | Irvin Elmer Vance | University of Michigan | Geometries of the Erlanger Program | [184] |
1967 | (M) | Marcus Harold Whitfield | Oklahoma State University
|
Theory of maxima and minima and applications | [185] |
1969 | (M) | Boniface | Iowa State University | Structure of inseparable composites | [186] |
1969 | (M) | Paul Burgette Mohr | Oklahoma State University
|
A study of Negro mathematics faculties in predominantly Negro institutions | [187] |
1969 | (M) | William Percy Hytche | Oklahoma State University
|
A comparative analysis of four methods of instruction in mathematics | [188] |
1969 | (M) | Benjamin Joseph Martin | Purdue University | On a new integral equation arising in the theory of radiative transfer | [189] |
1969 | (M) | Richard Lionel Price | Ohio State University | Scholastic aptitude test in mathematics as a predictor of student selection of algebraic versus geometric approaches to problem solving | [190] |
1969 | (M) | Washington Theophilus Taylor | Oklahoma State University
|
A cross sectional study of the modification of attitudes of selected prospective elementary school teachers toward mathematics | [191] |
1969 | (M) | Vernon Williams | Oklahoma State University
|
A multi-predictive measure to predict success at two levels in freshman college mathematics | [192] |
1970 | (F) | Genevieve Madeline Knight | University of Maryland
|
The effect of a sub-culturally appropriate language upon achievement in mathematical content | [193] |
1970 | (F) | Joella Hardeman Gipson | University of Illinois
|
Teaching probability in the elementary school: an exploratory study | [194] |
1970 | (M) | David James Hickman | University of Notre Dame | The Tschebyscheff polynomials for regular polygons inscribed in the unit circle of the complex plane | [195] |
1970 | (M) | Rufus Grier Pettis | Oklahoma State University
|
An analysis of the methods being used to make provisions for outstanding high school mathematics students in North Carolina | [196] |
1973 | (F) | Therese Hance Braithwaite | University of California, Berkeley | The development of a function theory in education based on a construct of a unity | [197] |
1974 | (F) | Della Pearl Domonek Bell | University of Texas
|
Some characteristics of high- and low- achieving seventh grade Black students in mathematics | [198] |
1975 | (M) | Freeman Alphonsa Hrabowski III | University of Illinois
|
A comparison of the graduate academic performance of black students who graduated from predominantly black colleges and from predominantly white colleges | [199] |
Books and articles about African-American mathematicians
This list includes books and dissertations published about individual African-Americans in mathematics, and studies, biographical anthologies or histories dedicated to African-Americans in mathematics. (This list is incomplete. You can help by expanding it.)
Individuals
- Benjamin Banneker:
- David Blackwell:
- Joseph James Dennis:
- Williams, Sherese LaTrelle (2016). To Humbly Serve: Joseph James Dennis and His Contributions to Clark College. Clark Atlanta University.[203]
- Marjorie Kimbrough
- Kimbrouogh, Marjorie (1991). Accept no limitations: a black woman encounters corporate America. Abingdon Press.[204]
- Shirley Mathis McBay:
- Verheyden-Hilliard, Mary Ellen (1985). Mathematician and Administrator, Shirley Mathis McBay. Equity Institute.[205]
- J. Ernest Wilkins Jr.:
- Nkwanta, Asamoah; Barber, Janet E. (2018). "Episodes in the Life of a Genius: J. Ernest Wilkins Jr." Notices of the American Mathematical Society. Volume 65, Number 2.[206]
Anthologies and studies
- Borum, Viveka; Hilton, Adriel Adon; Walker, Erica (2016). The Role of Black Colleges in the Development of Mathematicians. Journal of Research Initiatives.[207]
- Carlson, Cob; Parks, Yolanda; et al. (1996). Breakthrough: profiles of scientists of color. Working with Numbers. Blackside.[208]
- Dean, Nathaniel (ed) (1997). African Americans in mathematics: DIMACS workshop, June 26–28, 1996. American Mathematical Society.[209]
- Farmer, Vernon L; Shepherd-Wynn, Evelyn (2012). Voices of historical and contemporary Black American pioneers.[210]
- Harmon, Marylen; Guertler, Sherry (1994). Visions of a dream: history makers: contributions of Africans and African Americans in science and mathematics. M.E. Harmon.[211]
- Houston, Johnny L (2000). The History of the National Association of Mathematicians (NAM): The First Thirty (30) Years, 1969–1999. NAM.[12]
- Kenschaft, Patricia Clark (2005). Change is possible: Stories of women and minorities in mathematics.[212]
- Lang, Mozell P. Contributions of African American scientists and mathematicians. Harcourt School Publishers.[213]
- Newell, Victoria; Gipson, Joella; Rich, Waldo L.; Stubblefield, B (1980). Black Mathematicians and Their Works.[14]
- Paul, Richard; Moss, Steven (2015). We Could Not Fail: The First African Americans in the Space Program. University of Texas Press.[214]
- Shetterly, Margot Lee (2016). Hidden Figures: The American dream and the untold story of the black women mathematicians who helped win the space race.[1]
- Walker, Erica N (2014). Beyond Banneker: Black mathematicians and the path to excellence.[215]
- Williams, Lisa D (2000). The trials, tribulations, and triumphs of black faculty in the math and science pipeline: a life history approach (Dissertation). University of Massachusetts at Amherst.[216]
- Williams, Talithia M (2018). Power in numbers: The rebel women of mathematics. Race Point Publishing.
For young people
- Becker, Helaine; Phumiruk, Dow (2018). Counting on Katherine: How Katherine Johnson Saved Apollo 13. Henry Holt and co.[217]
- Pinkney, Andrea Davis (1998). Dear Benjamin Banneker.[218]
- Schwartz, Heather E (2017). NASA Mathematician Katherine Johnson. Lerner Publications.[219]
- Shetterly, Margot Lee; Conkling, Winifred; Freeman, Laura (2018). Hidden Figures: The True Story of Four Black Women and the Space Race. HarperCollins.[220]
List of Wikipedia articles
This list includes Wikipedia articles for people from the
Before 1900
- Thomas Fuller (1710–1782).
- Benjamin Banneker (1731–1806).
- Charles Reason(1818–1893).
- Kelly Miller (1863–1939) degrees from Howard University, including law degree.
1900s
- Dudley Weldon Woodard (1881–1965), degrees from Wilberforce University, University of Chicago, University of Pennsylvania (PhD).
1910s
- Elbert Frank Cox (1895–1969), degrees from Indiana University, Cornell University (PhD).
- Euphemia Haynes (1890–1980), Smith College, Catholic University of America (PhD).
1920s
- Clark College, Northwestern University(PhD).
- West Virginia State College, including chemistry, University of Pittsburgh(PhD, mathematics education).
- Georgia Caldwell Smith (1909–1961), degrees from University of Kansas, University of Chicago, University of Pittsburgh (PhD).
- Dorothy Vaughan (1910–2008), degree from Wilberforce University.
1930s
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign(PhD).
- Marjorie Lee Browne (1914–1979), degrees from Howard University, University of Michigan (PhD).
- West Virginia State College.
- Clarence F. Stephens (1917–2018), degrees from Johnson C. Smith University, University of Michigan (PhD).
1940s
- Albert Turner Bharucha-Reid (1927–1985), degree from Iowa State University.
- Gloria Ford Gilmer, degrees from Morgan State University, University of Pennsylvania, Marquette University (PhD, education).
- Evelyn Boyd Granville (born 1924), Smith College, Yale University (PhD).
- Hampton Institute.
- Eleanor Green Dawley Jones (1929-2021), degrees from Howard University, Syracuse University (PhD).
- Abdulalim A. Shabazz (1927–2014), degrees from Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cornell University (PhD).
- Louise Nixon Sutton (1925–2006), degrees from North Carolina A&T State University, New York University (PhD, education).
- J. Ernest Wilkins, Jr. (1923–2011), degrees from University of Chicago, New York University(including degrees in engineering).
1950s
- University of Illinois, Syracuse University(PhD).
- St. Louis University(PhD).
- Annie Easley (1933–2011), degrees from Xavier University, mathematics at Cleveland State University.
- University of Wisconsin, Emory University(PhD).
- William Thomas Fletcher, degrees from North Carolina Central University, University of Idaho (PhD).
- Gloria Conyers Hewitt (born 1935), degrees from Fisk University, University of Washington (PhD).
- University of Texas(PhD).
- Melba Roy Mouton (1929–1990), degrees from Howard University.
- University of Illinois(PhD).
- Thyrsa Frazier Svager (1930–1999), degrees from Antioch College, Ohio State University (PhD).
- Argelia Velez-Rodriguez (b. 1936 in Cuba), degrees from Marianao Institute, University of Havana (PhD).
- Grace Alele Williams (1932–2022), degrees from University of Ibadan, University of Chicago (PhD, education).
1960s
- Sylvia D. Trimble Bozeman (born 1947), degrees from Alabama A&M University, Vanderbilt University, Emory University(PhD).
- Hampton Institute, Virginia State University, George Washington University(PhD, engineering).
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign(PhD).
- Fern Y. Hunt (born 1948), degrees from Bryn Mawr College, New York University(PhD).
- Jeanette Scissum, degrees from Alabama A&M University, computer science PhD.
- Raymond L. Johnson (born 1943), degrees from University of Texas at Austin, Rice University (PhD).
- Ronald Elbert Mickens (born 1943), degrees from Fisk University, Vanderbilt University(PhD, physics).
- Scott W. Williams (born 1943), degrees from Morgan State University, Lehigh University (PhD).
- Lloyd Demetrius, degrees from University of Cambridge, University of Chicago (PhD).
1970s
- Augustin Banyaga (born 1947 in Rwanda), degrees from University of Geneva (PhD).
- Emery N. Brown, degree from Harvard College and Harvard University (PhD, statistics).
- University of Illinois(PhD, higher education administration/statistics)
- Iris Marie Mack, degrees from Vassar College (double major with physics), University of California, Los Angeles, Harvard University (PhD).
- Carolyn Ray Boone Mahoney (born 1946), degrees from Siena College, Ohio University (PhD).
- William Alfred Massey (born 1956), degrees from Princeton University, Stanford University (PhD).
- Lee Stiff (1949–2021), degrees from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Duke University, North Carolina State University (PhD, education).
1980s
- Idris Assani (b. in Niger), degrees from Paris Dauphine University, Pierre and Marie Curie University (PhD, mathematics).
- Emery Neal Brown, degrees from Harvard University (PhD, statistics) and Harvard Medical School (MD).
- Melvin Currie (born 1948), degrees from Yale University and University of Pittsburgh (PhD, mathematics).
- Clifford Victor Johnson (b. 1968 in UK), degrees from Imperial College London and University of Southampton(PhD, mathematics and physics).
- Bob Moses (1935–2021), degrees from Hamilton College, and Harvard University (MA, philosophy). Founder of Algebra Project (1982).
- Arlie Oswald Petters (b. 1964 in Belize), degrees from City University of New York and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (PhD, mathematics).
- Suzanne L. Weekes (b. in Trinidad & Tobago), degrees from Indiana University and University of Michigan (PhD, mathematics and scientific computing).
1990s
- Ron Buckmire (b. 1968 in Grenada), degrees from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (PhD, mathematics).
- Edray Goins (born 1972), degrees from California Institute of Technology and Stanford University (PhD, mathematics).
- Rudy Horne (1968–2017), degrees from University of Oklahoma and University of Colorado Boulder (PhD, applied mathematics). Mathematical consultant for the movie Hidden Figures.[221]
- Trachette Jackson (born 1972), degrees from Arizona State University and University of Washington (PhD, mathematics).
- Chawne Kimber (born 1971), degrees from University of North Carolina and University of Florida (PhD, mathematics).
- Marilyn Strutchens (born 1962), degrees from the University of Georgia (PhD, mathematics education).
- Aissa Wade (b. 1967 in Senegal), degrees from University Montpellier 2, France (PhD, mathematics).
- Talitha Washington (born 1974), degrees from Spelman College and University of Connecticut (PhD, mathematics).
2000s
- Carla Cotwright-Williams (born 1973), degrees from California State University, Long Beach, Southern University, and University of Mississippi (PhD, mathematics).
- Christina Eubanks-Turner, degrees from Xavier University of Louisiana and University of Nebraska-Lincoln (PhD, mathematics).
- Omayra Ortega, degrees from Pomona College and University of Iowa (PhD, mathematics).
- Candice Price, degrees from California State University, Chico, San Francisco State University, and University of Iowa (PhD, mathematics).
- Dionne Price, degrees from Norfolk State University, University of North Carolina, and Emory University (PhD, biostatistics).
- Chelsea Walton (born 1983), degrees from Michigan State University and the University of Michigan (PhD, mathematics).
- Talithia Williams, degrees from Spelman College, Howard University, Rice University (PhD, statistics).
- Ulrica Wilson, degrees from Spelman College and Emory University (PhD, mathematics).
2010s
- John Urschel (b. 1991 in Canada), degrees from Pennsylvania State University (MS, Mathematics) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Ph.D., Mathematics).[222]
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