Basidiobolomycosis

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Basidiobolomycosis
Antifungals, surgery[4]
MedicationAmphotericin B[4]
FrequencyRare[3]

Basidiobolomycosis is a

fungal disease caused by Basidiobolus ranarum.[1][5] It may appear as one or more painless firm nodules in the skin which becomes purplish with an edge that appears to be slowly growing outwards.[3][5] A serious but less common type affects the stomach and intestine, which usually presents with abdominal pain, fever and a mass.[3]

B. ranarum, can be found in soil, decaying vegetables and has been isolated from insects, some reptiles, amphibians, and mammals.

insect bite or trauma, or eating contaminated food.[1][3] It generally affects people who are well.[2]

Diagnosis is by medical imaging, biopsy, microscopy, culture and histopathology.[2] Treatment usually involves amphotericin B and surgery.[3][4]

Although B. ranarum is found around the world, the disease Basidiobolomycosis is generally reported in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, South America, Asia and Southwestern United States.[3] It is rare.[3] The first case in a human was reported from Indonesia in 1956 as a skin infection.[4]

Signs and symptoms

Basidiobolomycosis may appear as a firm nodule in the skin which becomes purplish with an edge that appears to be slowly growing outwards.[3][5] It is generally painless but may feel itchy or burning.[3][5] There can be one lesion or several, and usually on the arms or legs of children.[5] Pus may be present if a bacterial infection also occurs.[3] The infection can spread to nearby structures such as muscles, bones and lymph nodes.[2]

A serious but less common type affects the stomach and intestine, which usually presents with tummy ache, fever and a lump.[3][6] Lymphoedema may occur.[3][4]

Mechanism

Basidiobolomycosis is a type of

insect bite or trauma, or eating contaminated food.[1][3] Diabetes may be a risk factor.[3] The exact way in which infection results is not completely understood.[3]

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is by culture and biopsy.[4]

A review in 2015 showed that the most common finding on

Crohns disease.[7][8]

Treatment

Treatment usually involves itraconazole or amphotericin B, combined with surgical debridement.[4] Bowel involvement may be better treated with voriconazole.[2]

Epidemiology

The condition is rare but emerging.[3] Men and children are affected more than females.[3] The disease is generally reported in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, South America, Asia and several cases in Southwestern United States.[2][3]

History

The first case in a human was reported from Indonesia as a skin infection in 1956.[4] In 1964, the first case involving stomach and intestine was reported.[4]

Society and culture

Cases among gardeners in Arizona, US, may indicate an occupational hazard, but is unproven.[4]

Other animals

Basidiobolomycosis has been reported in a dog.[9]

References

  1. ^
    PMID 24451502
    .
  2. ^
    PMID 28774696
    .
  3. ^
    S2CID 44181507
    .
  4. ^
    PMID 25821287
    .
  5. ^ a b c d e "ICD-11 - ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". icd.who.int. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  6. S2CID 58539656
    .
  7. S2CID 23728364
    .
  8. PMID 30128269
    .
  9. PMID 25960121
    .

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basidiobolomycosis&oldid=1156754429"