Biomedicine
Biomedicine (also referred to as Western medicine, mainstream medicine or conventional medicine)
Biomedicine also can relate to many other categories in health and biological related fields. It has been the dominant system of medicine in the Western world for more than a century.[3][4][5][6]
It includes many biomedical disciplines and areas of specialty that typically contain the "bio-" prefix such as
Overview
Biomedicine is the cornerstone of modern
Biomedicine is based on molecular biology and combines all issues of developing molecular medicine[11] into large-scale structural and functional relationships of the human genome, transcriptome, proteome, physiome and metabolome with the particular point of view of devising new technologies for prediction, diagnosis and therapy.[12]
Biomedicine involves the study of (
Depending on the severity of the disease, biomedicine pinpoints a problem within a patient and fixes the problem through medical intervention. Medicine focuses on curing diseases rather than improving one's health.[15]
In social sciences biomedicine is described somewhat differently. Through an anthropological lens biomedicine extends beyond the realm of biology and scientific facts; it is a
Molecular biology
Molecular biology is the process of synthesis and regulation of a cell's DNA, RNA, and protein. Molecular biology consists of different techniques including Polymerase chain reaction, Gel electrophoresis, and macromolecule blotting to manipulate DNA.[citation needed]
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to identify similar DNA between two unknown samples of DNA. This process is done by first preparing an agarose gel. This jelly-like sheet will have wells for DNA to be poured into. An electric current is applied so that the DNA, which is negatively charged due to its phosphate groups is attracted to the positive electrode. Different rows of DNA will move at different speeds because some DNA pieces are larger than others. Thus if two DNA samples show a similar pattern on the gel electrophoresis, one can tell that these DNA samples match.[18]
Macromolecule
Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the science of the chemical processes which takes place within living organisms. Living organisms need essential elements to survive, among which are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus. These elements make up the four macromolecules that living organisms need to survive: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.[20][21]
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C6H12O6, is used in cellular respiration to produce ATP, adenosine triphosphate
Lipids, also known as fats, are small molecules derived from biochemical subunits from either the ketoacyl or isoprene groups. Creating eight distinct categories: fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, saccharolipids, and polyketides (derived from condensation of ketoacyl subunits); and sterol lipids and prenol lipids (derived from condensation of isoprene subunits). Their primary purpose is to store energy over the long term. Due to their unique structure, lipids provide more than twice the amount of energy that carbohydrates do. Lipids can also be used as insulation. Moreover, lipids can be used in hormone production to maintain a healthy hormonal balance and provide structure to cell membranes.[21][23]
Nucleic acids are a key component of DNA, the main genetic information-storing substance, found oftentimes in the cell nucleus, and controls the metabolic processes of the cell. DNA consists of two complementary antiparallel strands consisting of varying patterns of nucleotides. RNA is a single strand of DNA, which is transcribed from DNA and used for DNA translation, which is the process for making proteins out of RNA sequences.[21]
See also
- List of psychoactive substances and precursor chemicals derived from genetically modified organisms
- Cardiophysics – interdisciplinary science that stands at the junction of cardiology and medical physics
- Diagnosis – Identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon
- Medicinal chemistry – Scientific branch of chemistry
- Medical physics – Application of physics concepts, theories and methods to medicine or healthcare
- The Cancer Genome Atlas – Project to catalogue genetic mutations responsible for cancer
- The Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine – contract
- The Human Genome Project – Human genome sequencing programme
- The Human Physiome Project
References
- ^ "Biomedicine." NCI Dictionary of Cancer Medicine. National Cancer Institute.
- PMID 18958248.
- ^ Johnson, Suzanne Bennett. "Medicine's Paradigm Shift: An Opportunity for Psychology". APA Monitor on Psychology 43.8 (September 2012)
- PMID 15591570.
- PMID 847460.
- ^ Lloyd, Hilary, Helen Hancock, and Steven Campbell. Vital Notes for Nurses: Principles of Care. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing (2007). 6. is
- ^ Health, Center for Devices and Radiological (2019-10-25). "In Vitro Diagnostics". www.fda.gov.
- ^ In vitro Diagnostics – EDMA Archived November 11, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- PMID 8493531.
- PMID 20691260.
- ^ "Home - Molecular Medicine". Molecular Medicine.
- S2CID 74662356.
- ^ "University of Würzburg Graduate Schools: Biomedicine". graduateschools.uni-wuerzburg.de. 2011-10-14. Archived from the original on 2012-07-16. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
- ^ Jones, E. M. and E. M. Tansey, eds. Monoclonal Antibodies to Migraine: Witnesses to Modern Biomediceine, An A-Z. Queen Mary University, University of London, 2014.
- ISBN 978-1-59734-971-0.
- ^ Gaines, Atwood D., and Davis-Floyd, Robbie. "Biomedicine." In Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology. Ed. Carol R. Ember and Melvin Embber. Springer Science and Business Media (2004). 95-109.
- ^ "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- ^ "Account Suspended". www.geneticseducation.nhs.uk.
- ^ "MedlinePlus: Genetics". medlineplus.gov.
- ^ White, Abraham (1959). "Principles of biochemistry". Principles of Biochemistry. 2nd: 1149 – via CAB Direct.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-520-23391-1.
- OSTI 7362356– via U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information.
- PMID 19098281.