Charles III of Naples
Charles III (II) | |
---|---|
Louis of Durazzo | |
Mother | Margaret of Sanseverino |
Charles of Durazzo, also called Charles the Small (1345 – 24 February 1386), was
Life
Childhood and youth (1354/1357 – 1370)
He was the only child of
Louis of Durazzo rebelled against his cousins, Joanna I of Naples, and her husband, Louis of Taranto in the spring of 1360, but he was defeated.[3] He was also compelled to send the child Charles as a hostage to Queen Joanna I's court in Naples.[2][3] After Charles's father died in prison in the summer of 1362, Queen Joanna ordered that Charles was to be treated "with all honours due to the royal household and to maintain him in a royal state".[7]
Charles's distant cousin, Louis I of Hungary, who had not fathered a son, decided to invite Charles to Hungary.[8] Charles came to Hungary in 1364 or 1365.[2][9] King Louis initially planned to arrange a marriage between Charles and Anne, who was a daughter of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor.[10] However, the negotiations of their marriage were broken off because the relations between Louis I and Charles IV had deteriorated.[11] Next, Louis proposed a marriage between Charles and Charles's cousin, Margaret of Durazzo, who was the youngest daughter of Queen Joanna's younger sister, Maria of Calabria.[12] Although the queen was opposed to the marriage, Pope Urban VI granted the papal dispensation that was necessary for the marriage on 15 June 1369.[12] Their marriage took place in Naples on 24 January 1370.[12][11]
Louis made Charles governor of
War for Naples (1379–1381)
Queen Joanna I of Naples officially acknowledged Clement VII as the lawful pope against Urban VI on 22 November 1378.[14] She even gave shelter to Clement VII, who had been expelled from Rome, and helped him to leave Italy for Avignon in May 1379.[15] In retaliation, Pope Urban VI excommunicated the queen and declared her deprived of her kingdom in favor of Charles of Durazzo and his wife Margaret on 17 June.[16][17]
The conflict between Joanna and Pope
King of Naples (1382–1385)
Louis's expedition counted to some 40,000 troops, including those of
In the meantime, relationships with Urban VI became strained, as he suspected that Charles was plotting against him. In January 1385 he had six cardinals arrested, and one, under torture, revealed Charles's part in a conspiracy. He then excommunicated Charles and his wife, and imposed an interdict over the Kingdom of Naples. The King replied by sending
Succession in Hungary
While Urban took refuge in Genoa, Charles left the Kingdom to move to Hungary. Upon the death of King
He was buried in Visegrád without religious ceremony, because of his still valid excommunication by Pope Urban VI. His son Ladislaus (named in honor of the King-Knight Saint Ladislaus I of Hungary) succeeded him in Naples, while the regents of Mary of Hungary reinstated her as Queen of Hungary. However, Ladislaus would try to obtain the crown of Hungary in the future.
Children
Charles III and Margaret of Durazzo had three children:
- Mary of Durazzo (1369–1371).
- Joanna II of Naples (23 June 1373 – 2 February 1435).
- Ladislaus of Naples (11 February 1377 – 6 August 1414).
References
- ^ a b Süttő 2002, p. 77.
- ^ a b c d Csukovits 2012, p. 122.
- ^ a b c d Goldstone 2009, p. 202.
- ^ Süttő 2002, pp. 77–78.
- ^ Engel 2001, p. 383.
- ^ Giovanni Tarcagnota (1566). Del sito, et lodi della citta di Napoli con una breve historia de gli re suoi, et delle cose pui degne altrove ne' medesimi tempi abvenute. Scotto Gis. Maria. p. 77.
- ^ Goldstone 2009, p. 209.
- ^ Süttő 2002, p. 78.
- ^ a b Engel 2001, p. 169.
- ^ Süttő 2002, pp. 78–79.
- ^ a b Süttő 2002, p. 79.
- ^ a b c Goldstone 2009, p. 250.
- ^ Fügedi 1986, p. 15.
- ^ Goldstone 2009, p. 290.
- ^ Goldstone 2009, p. 291.
- ^ Goldstone 2009, p. 292.
- ^ Tuchman 1978, p. 399.
- "Papa Urbano VI e il Regno di Napoli", at Cronologia della Storia d'Italia [1]
Sources
- Csukovits, Enikő (2012). "II. (Kis) Károly [Charles II the Small]". In Gujdár, Noémi; Szatmáry, Nóra (eds.). Magyar királyok nagykönyve: Uralkodóink, kormányzóink és az erdélyi fejedelmek életének és tetteinek képes története [Encyclopedia of the Kings of Hungary: An Illustrated History of the Life and Deeds of Our Monarchs, Regents and the Princes of Transylvania] (in Hungarian). Reader's Digest. pp. 122–125. ISBN 978-963-289-214-6.
- Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers. ISBN 1-86064-061-3.
- ISBN 0-472-08260-4.
- Fügedi, Erik (1986). "Könyörülj, bánom, könyörülj ..." ["Have Mercy on Me, My Ban, Have Mercy ..."]. Helikon. ISBN 963-207-662-1.
- Goldstone, Nancy (2009). The Lady Queen: The Notorious Reign of Joanna I, Queen of Naples, Jerusalem, and Sicily. Walker&Company. ISBN 978-0-8027-7770-6.
- Michaud, Claude (2000). "The kingdoms of Central Europe in the fourteenth century". In Jones, Michael (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume VI: c. 1300–c. 1415. Cambridge University Press. pp. 735–763. ISBN 0-521-36290-3.
- Solymosi, László; Körmendi, Adrienne (1981). "A középkori magyar állam virágzása és bukása, 1301–1506 [The Heyday and Fall of the Medieval Hungarian State, 1301–1526]". In Solymosi, László (ed.). Magyarország történeti kronológiája, I: a kezdetektől 1526-ig [Historical Chronology of Hungary, Volume I: From the Beginning to 1526] (in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 188–228. ISBN 963-05-2661-1.
- Süttő, Szilárd (2002). "II. Károly (Charles the Small)". In Kristó, Gyula (ed.). Magyarország vegyes házi királyai [The Kings of Various Dynasties of Hungary] (in Hungarian). Szukits Könyvkiadó. pp. 77–84. ISBN 963-9441-58-9.
- ISBN 0-345-34957-1.
External links
- Armorial of the House Anjou-Sicily (in French)
- House of Anjou-Sicily (in French)