Clan Macdonald of Sleat
Clan Macdonald of Sleat Clann Ùisdein | |||
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East Yorkshire, England[4] | |||
Historic seat | Dunscaith Castle;[5] Duntulm Castle;[6] Armadale Castle[7] | ||
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Clan Macdonald of Sleat, sometimes known as Clan Donald North and in Gaelic Clann Ùisdein [kʰl̪ˠan̪ˠ ˈuːʃtʲɛɲ], is a Scottish clan and a branch of Clan Donald—one of the largest Scottish clans. The founder of the Macdonalds of Sleat was Ùisdean, or Hugh, a 6th great-grandson of Somerled, a 12th-century Lord of the Isles (Rì Innse Gall). The clan is known in Gaelic as Clann Ùisdein ("children of Ùisdean"), and its chief's Gaelic designation is Mac Ùisdein ("son of Ùisdean"), in reference to the clan's founder. Both the clan and its clan chief are recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms, who is the heraldic authority in Scotland.
The Macdonalds of Sleat participated in several feuds with neighbouring clans, most notably the
The clan seems to have grudgingly supported the Royalist cause in the
Sources
Much of the history of the Macdonalds of Sleat comes from traditional family histories, and it is often difficult, if not impossible, to tell fact from fiction.
History of the Macdonalds of Sleat
Origins
The Macdonalds of Sleat are a branch of
The Macdonalds of Sleat descend from Domhnall's son,
15th century
The first record of Ùisdean occur in the traditional histories of the shenachie MacVurich and Hugh Macdonald. According to the Sleat shenachie, Ùisdean, along with several young men from the
In 1469, Ùisdean received from the Earl of Ross the 30 merklands of Skeirhough in South Uist; the 12 merklands of Benbecula, and the merkland of Gergryminis also in Benbecula; the 2 merklands of Scolpig, the 4 merklands of Tallowmartin, the 6 merklands of Orinsay, the half merkland of Wanlis, all in North Uist; and also confirmed him in the 28 merklands of Sleat. The earliest Clann Ùisdein seat connected with the barony of Sleat was Dunscaith Castle, off the Sound of Sleat. Ùisdean played not a small part in securing the surrender of the Earl of Ross, for which he was promised by the king 20 pounds worth of land, in 1476. The lordship of the isles was forfeited in 1493 due to the actions of John of Islay, Earl of Ross, Ùisdean's older brother. Ùisdean obtained a royal confirmation for his lands granted to him by the Earl of Ross in 1469. Ùisdean died in 1498, and was buried at Sand, in North Uist.
During his life, Ùisdean had several wives and several known children by other women.[5] Some of Ùisdean's sons would go on to play a large part in the history of the clan in the early 16th century. His eldest son, Eoin, would go on to succeed him.[5] Other notable sons included: Dòmhnall Gallach, son of the daughter of a prominent member of Clan Gunn (Caithness is called Gallaibh in Gaelic).[19] Another son was Dòmhnall Hearach, so-called from the fact his mother was a daughter of Macleod of Harris, and where he probably spent a portion of his early life; Aonghas Collach, so-called from the fact his mother was a daughter of Maclean of Coll; Gilleasbaig Dubh was the son of a daughter of Torquil Macleod of the Lewes; and Aonghas Dubh was the son of a daughter Maurice Vicar of South Uist.[20]
Early 16th century
On the year of his succession, Eoin resigned the lands and superiorities to the king. In consequence, the lands of Kendess, Gergryminis, 21 merklands of Eigg, and 24 merklands of Arisaig were then granted to Ranald Bane Allanson of Clanranald (chief of the Macdonalds of Clanranald). In 1498, the king granted to Alasdair Crotach (chief of Clan MacLeod) two unicates of the barony of Trotternish with the office of the bailiary of the whole lands thereof. Also the same year, the king granted Torquil MacLeod of Lewis (chief of Clan MacLeod of Lewis) the same bailiary of Trotternish which was granted to the chief of the Clan MacLeod, and also the 4 merklands of Terunga of Duntulm and 4 merklands of Airdmhiceolan. A and A Macdonald noted that during the minority of the Stewart kings in the 15 and 16th centuries many charters for the same lands were granted to several individuals. It is no wonder that in 1498 James IV revoked all charters given during the period prior to his coming of age. In 1505, Eoin resigned the lands of Sleat and North Uist, including Dunscaith Castle, to Ranald Allanson of Island Begrim. On his death, the chiefship of the clan passed to Dòmhnall Gallach, second son of Ùisdean.[22]
Because of the way in which his predecessor had granted away the clan lands, there is no contemporary record of Dòmhnall Gallach. The only record of Dòmhnall Gallach is from tradition. According to the Sleat shanachie, he was present at the Battle of Bloody Bay in 1484, and there fought on the side of Aonghas Óg against his father, Eoin, Lord of the Isles. Even though Dòmhnall Gallach's legal right to much his father's lands was given away by his predecessor, he and his brothers managed to physically hold on to their lands in Skye and Uist. Notwithstanding Clanranald's charter, Dòmhnall Gallach had his seat at Dunscaith Castle. Dòmhnall Gallach did not reign long as chief as he was murdered in 1506, by his brother, Gilleasbaig Dubh. The brothers Gilleasbaig Dubh, Aonghas Dubh and Aonghas Collach also conspired together and murdered their other half-brother, Dòmhnall Hearach, on the Inch of Loch Scolpig. Not long after the murders, Ranald Bane of Moydart forced Gilleasbaig Dubh to flee Uist, whereupon he participated in piratical career in the southern Hebrides for about 3 years. Gilleasbaig Dubh earned the favour of the Government by handing over similar pirates John Mor and Alister Bernich, of Clan Allister of Kintyre. After doing so he returned to the lands of Clann Ùisdein, assumed the leadership of the clan and took possession of the bailiary of Trotternish, all with the consent of the Government.[20]
Clann Ùisdein chaos
During the time of Gilleasbaig Dubh's piratical career, the traditional history of Clann Ùisdein is a tale of violence and lawlessness.[20] According to the Sleat shenachie, Aonghas Collach travelled to North Uist with a number of his followers and spent the night the home of Dòmhnall of Balranald (who was a member of the Siol Gorrie: descendants of Gorraidh (Godfrey), youngest son of Eoin and Ami MacRauiri).[20][23] Balranald happened to be away from home at the time, and that night Aonghas Collach attempted to rape his wife (who was a Macdonald of Clanranald). After her escape to South Uist, she alerted her friends and family. The result was that a body of 60 men, led by Donald MacRanald, and large contingent of Sìol Ghorraidh men marched north and surprised Aonghas Collach at Kirkibost. There 18 of Aonghas Collach's men were slain and he himself was taken prisoner. He was then sent to Macdonald of Clanranald, in South Uist, and tied up into a sack and cast into the sea. Another of Ùisdean's sons, Aonghas Dubh was also made prisoner by Macdonald of Clanranald, and was long held captive. One day he was permitted to run on the Strand of Askernish in South Uist, to see if he could run as well as he could prior to his incarceration. Aonghas Dubh then attempted flee his guards, however he was then wounded in the leg by an arrow. The wound was considered incurable and Aonghas Dubh was summarily put to death.[20]
Soon after his return, Gilleasbaig Dubh's took revenge on Sìol Ghorraidh for their treatment of Aonghas Collach, and put many of them to death. The manner of Gilleasbaig Dubh's death is also recorded by the Sleat shenachie. This account tells how Dòmhnall Gruamach, son of Dòmhnall Gallach, and his half-brother Raghnall, son of Dòmhnall Hearach, went to North Uist to visit Gilleasbaig Dubh who had murdered their father. One day, the two half-brothers, Gilleasbaig Dubh, and their
Mid to late 16th century
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Dòmhnall Gallach succeeded to the chiefship after the death of Gilleasbaig Dubh. In 1521, the chief rendered a
The chiefship of the clan then passed to Dòmhnall Gallach's son, Dòmhnall Gorm.
Dòmhnall Gorm was killed at Eilean Donan in 1539 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Dòmhnall Gormeson. As Dòmhnall Gormeson was only a child at the time of his father's death, the leadership of the clan went to his granduncle, Gilleasbaig Clèireach, son of Dòmhnall Gallach. According to the Sleat shenachie, the Privy Council made a strong attempt to apprehend the young chief during his minority. The traditional history has it that he was sent to the safety of Ruairidh Macleod of Lewis. Though afterwards, Gilleasbaig Cleireach took Dòmhnall Gormeson to England, where the young chief lived for several years. In 1554, with anarchy prevailing in the Highlands, the Queen Dowager took control of the Government and attempted to restore peace and order. Her lieutenants, Argyll and Huntly, were ordained by the Privy Council to passify the most unruly chiefs, among these was Dòmhnall Gormeson. Shortly afterwards, Dòmhnall Gormeson appears to have submitted to the Government, and for about 8 years obediently ceased to quarrel with his neighbouring chiefs. However, by 1562, he is recorded among others Macdonalds, as receiving a remission form Queen Mary for the destruction and slaughter committed in the Maclean lands of Mull, Tiree and Coll. A and A Macdonald were unsure of the nature of these raids, though proposed that they may have something to do with a quarrel of Clann Iain Mhòir and Maclean of Duart, regarding the Rinns of Islay. In 1568 he joined Somhairle Buidhe MacDhòmhnaill and his Irish campaigning. The next year he was feuding with the Mackenzies of Kintail.[26] Dòmhnall Gormeson died in 1585, and was succeeded by his oldest son, Dòmhnall Gorm Mòr.[7]
Late 16th century
Dòmhnall Gorm Mòr was still a minor at the time of his father's death. The young chief was placed under the guardianship of his granduncle, Seumas of Castle Camus. In 1575, Seumas of Castle Camus agreed to pay the dues owing in the lands of North Uist, Sleat, and Trotternish, which had been owed to the
In 1585, Dòmhnall Gorm Mòr and his retinue were sailing to visit Macdonald of Dunivaig & the Glens of Antrim, but were forced to take shelter in
In the summer of 1594, Dòmhnall Gorm Mòr and Ruairidh Mòr Macleod of Harris & Dunvegan each sailed for
Bitter feuding with Macleod of Harris & Dunvegan
Not long after returning from Ireland, a feud seems to have arisen between Dòmhnall Gorm Mòr and the chief of Clan Macleod, Ruairidh Mòr. The Sleat chief had married the sister of the Macleod chief, and after some time sent her back to Macleod. Tradition has it that she was blind in an eye, and was mounted upon one-eyed horse, followed by a one-eyed dog, and accompanied by a one-eyed man.[7] The Macleod chief was outraged and immediately had Trotternish ravaged. The Macdonalds of Sleat then retaliated by attacking Macleod possessions in Harris. This then led to Ruairidh Mòr leading a warband of 60 men on a raid in North Uist.[30] The Macleod chief's relative, Mac Dhòmhnaill Ghlais ("the son of Dòmhnall the grey"),[note 1] and 40 followers managed to possess themselves of the goods that the Uistfolk has hidden in Teampull na Trionaid ("trinity church"), at Carinish. However, the Macleods were attacked by a celebrated Clanranald warrior, named Dhòmhnall MacIain 'Ic Sheumais, in command of 15 men. The Macleods were outmanoeuvred by Dhòmhnall MacIain 'Ic Sheumais, and were slain almost to a man. Mac Dhòmhnaill Ghlais and a few of his followers fled for the island of Baleshare, but were run-down by some Uistmen and killed on the spot which ever since been known as Oitir Mhic Dhòmhnaill Ghlais ("the strand of the son of Dòmhnall the grey").[7]
The feud then became even more vicious, with both sides constantly raiding one another's territories, and the common clansfolk caught up in the middle of the warring were reduced to such an extent that they were even forced to eat dogs and cats to sustain themselves. The Macdonalds of Sleat later made one final strike against the Macleods. At the time, Ruairidh Mòr was away seeking assistance from Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll. Seizing upon the moment, Dòmhnall Gorm Mòr, led an all out invasion of Minginish and Bracadle, in the north of Skye. The Macdonalds took much spoil in the form of cattle and drove them to Coire na Creiche, overlooking the Cuillin hills. Here the Macleods mustered themselves, led by Alasdair, brother of the Macleod chief. The Battle of Coire Na Creiche lasted into the night and when the fighting subdued the Macleods were utterly defeated in what has since been the last clan battle to have ever have been fought on the Isle of Skye.[30] By now, Dòmhnall Gorm Mòr and Ruairidh Mòr's feud had escalated to such an extent that the Privy Council interfered, and ordered the two chiefs to disband their forces. The Macleod chief was ordered to surrender himself to the Earl of Argyll and the Sleat chief to George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly. Not long afterwards the two chieftains were reconciled with each other by mutual acquaintances. Through meetings and Eilean Donan and Glasgow, it was agreed that peace should be preserved. By the end of 1601, the bloody feud, between Ruairidh Mòr and Dòmhnall Gorm Mòr, had come to an end.[7][30]
Early 17th century
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In 1608 after a century of feuding which included battles against the Clan Mackenzie and Clan Maclean all of the relevant Macdonald chiefs were called to a meeting with Lord Ochiltree who was the King's representative. Here they discussed the future Royal intentions for governing the Isles. The chiefs did not agree with the king and were all thrown into prison. Donald, the chief of the Macdonalds of Sleat, was incarcerated in the Blackness Castle. His release was granted when he at last submitted to the King. Donald died in 1616 and then Sir Donald Macdonald, his nephew succeeded as the chief and became the first Baronet of Sleat.
Mid-17th century: civil war
Sir James Macdonald, 2nd Baronet of Sleat, had just succeeded his father, in 1644, when
Late 17th century
In the decade following the death of James there is little record of the Macdonalds of Sleat. The chief, the 3rd baronet, was in ill health and seems to have lived a quiet life. In 1685, Argyll and others landed in the Western Isles and the Privy Council ordered Sir Donald to raise 300 men, and have them in Loch Ness in June. The insurrection however came to an abrupt end when Argyll was executed, and the Sleat men returned home before the end of June without seeing battle. When
18th century
The 4th baronet distinguished himself as leader of the clan in his father's lifetime. From the beginning of the 18th century to the eve of the Jacobite rebellion in 1715, he lived in Glasgow, and had no contact with his clan in the Hebrides. During this period, according to A and A Macdonald, it would appear that he was in close contact with the Jacobite factions. The 4th baronet was not present at the Jacobite gathering at
Immediately following his father's death, the 5th baronet petitioned the
During the forfeiture of the clan's estates, the children of Sir James petitioned Parliament, in which they were successful, to receive £10,000 out of the estate of the deceased Donald. At the same time, provisions were also made for the
Sir Alexander was implicated in the abduction of
The 7th baronet was notable among Macdonald chiefs in refusing to join the 1745 Jacobite rising. His voiced his reasoning to Macdonald of Clanranald, stating the uprising was inopportune, with the chance of any success remote. A and A Macdonald noted that he would have also been grateful to the reigning House of Hanover, for the restoration of the clan's estates, which had been forfeited in the last rebellion. During the rising the 7th baronet raised two Independent Highland Companies for the Government cause.[38] The 7th baronet died in Bernera, in 1746, and was buried at Kilmore, in Sleat. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Sir James.[38]
The 8th baronet suffered from ill health as a child and while still comparatively young he was injured in a hunting accident. He attempted to regain his health in a warmer climate, when he left the
19th century to present
Alexander died in 1795 and was succeeded by his eldest son,
Illegitimacy and inheritance: modern chiefship
The current chiefs of Clan Donald and Clan Macdonald of Sleat both descend from the 3rd baron (Macdonald of Macdonald from his second son; Macdonald of Sleat from his eldest son). This reason for this is because the 3rd baron's eldest son, Alexander William Robert Macdonald, was considered to be illegitimate under
The 3rd baron had married an illegitimate daughter of William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, in 1803; and the 3rd baron's eldest son, Alexander William Robert Macdonald, was born before that, in 1800.[11] In 1832, Alexander William Robert Macdonald had his name legally changed to Alexander William Robert Bosville. Later in 1847, he inherited his father's Bosville estates in Yorkshire, England. In consequence, he remained in Yorkshire and his younger brother, Godfrey William Wentworth Bosville–Macdonald, 4th Baron Macdonald, inherited the Scottish estates, titles, and chiefship. In 1910, Alexander Wentworth Macdonald Bosville, grandson of Alexander William Robert Bosville, obtained a decree from the Court of Session, which declared that Alexander William Robert Bosville was the eldest lawful son of the 3rd baron, and was accordingly the rightful heir.[3][11] He then changed his name to Alexander Wentworth Macdonald Bosville–Macdonald and was recognised as the 14th Baronet of Sleat, as such became the 22nd chief of Macdonald of Sleat.[3] He died in 1933 and was succeeded by his son, Godfrey Middleton Bosville–Macdonald of Sleat; who was in turn succeeded by his son, Alexander Somerled Angus Bosville–Macdonald of Sleat; who was succeeded by Ian Godfrey Bosville Macdonald of Sleat, 17th Baronet – the current chief of the clan. The chiefly family has been seated at Thorpe Hall, Rudston, East Yorkshire since the 3rd baron's eldest son inherited the Bosville estates in the 18th century.[3]
Forced emigration and the Ship of the People
In 1739, the 1st baron was involved in the infamous
The 4th baron and chief of the Macdonalds of Sleat, presided over one of the more notable forced evictions of Highlanders during the era of the Highland Clearances.[50] Those that drew particular controversy were the forced evictions of the small community of Sollas, in North Uist, in 1849 and 1850.[51] During the 1849 evictions rioting broke out in which the Uist women played a prominent role.[52] During the 1830s, tenants were cleared from his estates on Skye; and during the years 1838 and 1843, 1,300 people were removed from their homes in North Uist, to be replaced by sheep.[51] Several of the Sollas rioters were arrested and eventually found guilty, yet the jury made the following written comments afterwards:
...the jury unanimously recommend the pannels to the utmost leniency and mercy of the Court, in consideration of the cruel, though it may be legal, proceedings adopted in ejecting the whole people of Solas from their houses and crops without the prospect of shelter, or a footing in their fatherland, or even the means of expatriating them to a foreign one...[53]
Clan profile
- Clan chief: The current
- Chiefly arms: The current chief's Donald Dubh lead his last insurrection in 1545.[3]
- Clan member's crest badge: The
- Clan badge: The common heath. This plant is attributed to the other Macdonald clans and some other associated clans such as Clan MacIntyre and the Macqueens of Skye.[1]
- Origin of the surname: There are many variations of the British Dyfnwal.[57]
- Pipe music: There are several pipe tunes specifically associated with the clan. Two pipe tunes were composed by Ewen Macdonald, for Sir James Macdonald, 8th Baronet. These were Cumha na Coise and Sir James Macdonald of the Isle's Salute.[39]
See also
- Sleat History
- Macdonald baronets
- Macdonald, things named Macdonald on Wikipedia
Notes
- ^ The 20th century Clan Macleod historian, Rev. Donald MacKinnon, stated that according to some writers this cousin of the chief referred to, was Donald Macleod of Drynoch (also known as Donald Glas). MacKinnon stated this view likely stemmed from Sir Robert Gordon's 17th century work, which states that Roderick Mor Macleod sent his cousin, Donald Glas Macleod, to take possession of the spoil during the North Uist raid. MacKinnon points out that Uist tradition, however, gives the man's name as "MAC DHOMHNUILL GHLAIS (Donald Glas' son)", who was a grandson of Alasdair Crotach, 8th of Dunvegan. Furthermore, MacKinnon stated that Macleod of Drynoch could not have been the Macleod that took part in the raid as he would have been far too young and was only distantly related to the chief.[31]
- Oronsay?
References
- ^ a b Adam; Innes of Learney 1970: pp. 541–543.
- ^ Burke's Peerage and Gentry. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Sir Ian Macdonald of Sleat". highcouncilofclandonald.org. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
- ^ "Clan Chiefs". Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ a b c d Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 1–6.
- ^ a b "Skye, Duntulm Castle". CANMORE. Retrieved 5 June 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 38–46.
- ^ Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 1: p. 1.
- ^ Newton 2007: p. 37.
- ^ "Pledge to launch clan gathering". BBC News Online. 22 October 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ a b c Eyre-Todd 1923, 1: pp. 232–243.
- ^ a b Woolf, Alex (2005). "The origins and ancestry of Somerled: Gofraid mac Fergusa and 'The Annals of the Four Masters'" (PDF). University of St Andrews. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ Woolf 2007: p. 299.
- ^ Brown 2004: p. 70.
- ^ Duffy 2007: pp. 77–85.
- ^ Eyre-Todd 1923, 2: pp. 269–270.
- ^ Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 467–479.
- ^ "Skye, Dun Scaich". CANMORE. Retrieved 19 June 2009.
- ^ MacDonald of Castleton, Donald J (1977). "Galleys at Kishorn". clandonald.org.uk. Clan Donald Magazine No 7 (1977) Online. Archived from the original on 10 August 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- ^ a b c d e Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 9–15.
- ^ Roberts 2000: pp. 4–5.
- ^ Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 6–9.
- ^ Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 359–360.
- ^ Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 15–16.
- ^ Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 16–19.
- ^ Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 20–27.
- ^ a b Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 27–38.
- ^ "Skye, Knock Castle". CANMORE. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- ^ Roberts 1999: p. 106.
- ^ a b c Roberts 1999: pp. 140–141.
- ^ "Donald Macleod (I of Drynoch)". macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- ^ Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 58–69.
- ^ Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 69–79.
- ^ a b c Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 79–82.
- ^ Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 82–84.
- W. & A.K. Johnston. p. 26. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
- ^ Macaulay, Margaret (2010), The Prisoner of St. Kilda: The True Story of the Unfortunate Lady Grange, Luath Press Ltd.
- ^ a b Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 84–92.
- ^ a b c Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 92–98.
- ^ a b c Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 3: pp. 98–101.
- ^ Maclauchlan; Wilson 1875: pp. 520–522.
- ^ "Armadale Castle". clandonald.com. Archived from the original on 4 August 2004. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
- ^ "Welcome". clandonald.com. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
- ^ "Clan Macdonald of Sleat". Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs. Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2009.
- ^ "The Barony of MacDonald". baronage.co.uk. Archived from the original on 3 August 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
- ^ a b "Norman Macleod (VI of Berneray)". macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ "BBC Scotland Autumn 2007". BBC Online. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ "The Hebridean ‘slaves’ offered for £3 a head"
- ^ "Soitheach na Daoine". Comunn Eachdraidh Bheàrnaraigh. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ Campey 2005: p. 122.
- ^ a b Richards 1982: p. 420.
- ^ Richards 2007: p. 71.
- ^ Richards 2007: p. 185–186.
- ^ "MacDonald of Sleat". myclan.com. Archived from the original on 21 May 2006. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- ^ a b George Way of Plean; Squire 2000: p. 174.
- ^ "McDonald Name Meaning and History". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 2 June 2009.
- ^ Woolf 2007: p. xiii.
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