Conspiracy theories in the Arab world
Gray points out that actual conspiracies such as the 1956
Jewish conspiracies
The
Conspiracy theories hold the Jews responsible for killing American Presidents Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy, and causing the French and Russian Revolution.[14] Zionists are seen as a threat to the world.[14] A widespread conspiracy theory after the September 11 attacks blamed Israel and Mossad for the attacks.[15][16][17][18]
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, an infamous hoax document purporting to be a Jewish plan for world domination, is commonly read and promoted in the Muslim world.[19][20][21]
Conspiracy theorists in the Arab world have claimed that
In early 2020, according to
Animal-related conspiracy theories involving Israel are prominent, alleging use of animals by Israel to attack civilians or to conduct espionage. These conspiracies are often reported as evidence of a Zionist or Israeli plot. Examples include the
Writing in The Times, James Hider linked the responses to the shark incident with those to the vulture incident and ascribed the reactions in Arab countries to "paranoia among Israel's enemies and its nominal friends", adding that "evidence of Mossad using animals is scant."[28]
American conspiracies
Following
In Commentary, Daniel Pipes accused prominent Palestinian journalist Said Aburish of attributing the problems of the Arab world "to a vast British and American conspiracy." Reviewing Aburish's A Brutal Friendship: The West and the Arab Elite, Pipes remarked that "outlandish as it may be, the book represents a main line of Arab thinking" and therefore "cannot be so easily dismissed."[40]
Conspiracy theorists in the Arab world have advanced rumors that the US is secretly behind the existence and emboldening of the
The "War against Islam" conspiracy
"
Other conspiracies
After the fall of Morsi, xenophobic conspiracy theories have singled out Palestinians and Syrian refugees as part of a plot to bring the Muslim Brotherhood back to power. Pro-Morsi supporters single out Saudis and Emiratis as part of a counter conspiracy.[17]
A common conspiracy theory is about soft drink brands Coca-Cola and Pepsi, that the drinks deliberately contain pork and alcohol and their names carry pro-Israel and anti-Islamic messages.[42][43][44]
See also
References
- JSTOR 3791566. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
- ^ ISBN 978-0415575188.
- from the original on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^ S2CID 158462967.
- ^ S2CID 201582498.
- S2CID 183381200.
- ^ Roger Cohen (Dec 21, 2010). "The Captive Arab Mind". The New York Times.
- S2CID 263749902.
- ^ "Freedom of the Press: in the Middle East, widely curtailed and often violated". United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR). May 3, 2012. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
- ^ (Gray 2010, p. 59)
- ^ (Gray 2010, p. 60)
- Thomas L. Friedman(1998). From Beirut to Jerusalem. p. 36.
- ^ "Anti-Semitism in the Egyptian Media". ADL. 1997. Archived from the original on 2013-11-02. Retrieved 2013-08-26.
- ^ a b (Pipes 1998, p. 105)
- ^ Eric Weiner (Aug 18, 2005). "U.S. Conspiracy Theories Abound in Arab World". NPR.
- ^ Fawaz Turki. "Conspiracy theories in Arab discourse". Arab News.
- ^ a b c Peter Schwartzstein (Sep 12, 2013). "Egypt's Latest Conspiracy Theories Target the Country's Syrian Refugees". The Atlantic.
- ^ a b Tim Marshall (Aug 19, 2013). "Egypt 'Conspiracies' Are Paranoid And Stupid". Sky News.
- ^ Wakin, Daniel J. (October 26, 2002). "Anti-Semitic 'Elders of Zion' Gets New Life on Egypt TV". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
- ^ "2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-08-23. Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006
- ^ "The Booksellers of Tehran" Archived 2017-04-10 at the Wayback Machine, The Wall Street Journal, October 28, 2005
- ^ "'Password 360' Conspiracy Theories Linking CIA To Isis Actually Bring A Serious US Denial". The Huffington Post. 14 August 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
- ^ Hassan, Mehdi (5 September 2014). "Inside jobs and Israeli stooges: why is the Muslim world in thrall to conspiracy theories?". New Statesman. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
- ^ Baker, Aryn (19 July 2014). "Why Iran Believes the Militant Group ISIS Is an American Plot". Time. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
- ^ "Arab media accuse US, Israel of coronavirus conspiracy against China". 9 February 2020.
- ^ "Shark Attack in Egypt? Must Be the Work of Israeli Agents". Discovery Magazine. 13 December 2010. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ^ O'SULLIVAN, ARIEH (6 December 2010). "Egypt: Sinai shark attacks could be Israel... JPost - Middle East". jpost.com. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
- ^ James Hider (7 January 2011). "Vulture held as Mossad spy by Saudi Arabia". The Australian.
- ^ Gil Yaron (5 January 2011). "Secret agent vulture tale just the latest in animal plots". Toronto Star.
- ^ Tawfik Okasha and the amazingly appalling atrociousness of the fellahin
- ^ Robert Mackey (28 June 2012). "Military Rulers Fixed Presidential Vote to Install Islamist, 'Egypt's Glenn Beck' Says". The New York Times.
- ^ David D. Kirkpatrick; Mayy el Sheikh (13 July 2012). "Egypt's New President Is Being Undercut by State-Run Media". The New York Times.
- ^ "US: We did not support particular Egyptian presidential candidate". Egypt Independent. 16 July 2012.
- ^ Nordland, Rod (Aug 25, 2013). "As Egyptians Ignore Curfew, Talk of a U.S.-Brotherhood Conspiracy". The New York Times.
- ^ Patrick Kingsley (18 Sep 2013). "Egypt: Frenchman dies in police custody amid rising tide of xenophobia". The Guardian.
- ^ Peter Weber (September 2, 2014). "America created the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria? Meet the ISIS 'truthers'". The Week.
- ^ Inside jobs and Israeli stooges: why is the Muslim world in thrall to conspiracy theories?. Mehdi Hassan. The New Statesman
- ^ "African Shia Cleric: Boko Haram attrocity is a conspiracy against Islamic resurgence in Nigeria". Archived from the original on 2012-06-03. Retrieved 2012-02-13.
- ^ "allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Boko Haram Conceived to Destroy Islam - Prof. Bunza". Archived from the original on 2012-02-13.
- ^ Pipes, Daniel (1998-09-01). "A Brutal Friendship by Said K. Aburish". Commentary. Retrieved 2022-02-14.
- ^ The US, IS and the conspiracy theory sweeping Lebanon. BBC
- ^ Israeli sues Coca Cola for containing alcohol
Globes, Israel Business News, February 20, 2011 - ^ Myths & Rumors/Middle East
Official Coca-Cola website, August 3, 2004 - ^ Interview with Hamas MP Salem Salamah - Al Aqsa TV, April 23, 2008
Further reading
- Gray, Matthew (2010). Conspiracy Theories in the Arab World. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415575188.
- Pipes, Daniel (1998). ISBN 978-0312176884.