Demographics of Montreal
The Demographics of Montreal concern population growth and structure for
Population history
Population of Montreal, and Metropolitan Area by year[1] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Year | City[2] | Island[3][4] | Metropolitan[2] |
1660 | 407 | ||
1663 | 596 | ||
1666 | 624 | ||
1681 | 1,389 | ||
1700 | 2,969 | ||
1760 | 8,300 | ||
1771 | 9,770 | ||
1781 | 17,945 | ||
1791 | 18,000 | ||
1801 | 9,000 | ||
1811 | 13,300 | ||
1821 | 18,767 | ||
1831 | 27,297 | ||
1841 | 40,356 | ||
1851 | 57,715 | ||
1861 | 90,323 | ||
1871 | 130,022 | 144,044 | 174,090 |
1881 | 176,263 | 193,171 | 223,512 |
1891 | 254,278 | 277,525 | 308,169 |
1901 | 325,653 | 360,838 | 393,665 |
1911 | 490,504 | 554,761 | 594,812 |
1921 | 618,506 | 724,205 | 774,330 |
1931 | 818,577 | 1,003,868 | 1,064,448 |
1941 | 903,007 | 1,116,800 | 1,192,235 |
1951 | 1,021,520 | 1,320,232 | 1,539,308 |
1956 | 1,109,439 | 1,507,653 | 1,745,001 |
1961 | 1,201,559 | 1,747,696 | 2,110,679 |
1966 | 1,293,992 | 1,923,971 | 2,570,985 |
1971 | 1,214,352 | 1,958,595 | 2,743,208 |
1976 | 1,080,545 | 1,869,645 | 2,802,485 |
1981 | 1,018,609 | 1,760,120 | 2,862,286 |
1986 | 1,015,420 | 1,752,361 | 2,921,357 |
1991 | 1,017,666 | 1,775,871 | 3,127,242 |
1996 | 1,016,376 | 1,775,778 | 3,326,447 |
2001 | 1,039,534 | 1,812,723 | 3,426,350 |
2006 | 1,620,693 | 1,854,442 | 3,635,571 |
2011 | 1,649,519 | 1,886,481 | 3,824,221 |
2016 | 1,704,694 | 1,942,044 | 4,098,927 |
2021 | 1,762,949 | 2,004,265 | 4,291,732 |
According to
In the 2006 census, children under 14 years of age (621,695) constituted 17.1%, while inhabitants over 65 years of age (495,685) numbered 13.6% of the total population.[8]
Future projections
The current estimate of the Montreal CMA population, as of July 1, 2013, according to Statistics Canada is 3,981,802.[9] According to StatsCan, by 2030, the Greater Montreal Area is expected to number 5,275,000 with 1,722,000 being visible minorities.[10]
Ethnic diversity
City of Montreal
According to the
Panethnic group |
2021[11] | 2016[17] | 2011[18] | 2006[19] | 2001[20] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
European[a] | 1,038,940 | 60.29% | 1,082,620 | 65.09% | 1,092,465 | 67.74% | 1,171,295 | 73.49% | 784,420 | 76.92% |
African
|
198,610 | 11.53% | 171,385 | 10.3% | 147,100 | 9.12% | 122,880 | 7.71% | 68,245 | 6.69% |
Middle Eastern[b] | 159,435 | 9.25% | 137,525 | 8.27% | 114,780 | 7.12% | 76,910 | 4.83% | 34,035 | 3.34% |
South Asian | 79,670 | 4.62% | 55,595 | 3.34% | 53,515 | 3.32% | 51,255 | 3.22% | 33,310 | 3.27% |
Latin American | 78,150 | 4.54% | 67,525 | 4.06% | 67,160 | 4.16% | 53,970 | 3.39% | 31,190 | 3.06% |
Southeast Asian[c] | 65,260 | 3.79% | 58,315 | 3.51% | 61,320 | 3.8% | 47,950 | 3.01% | 33,505 | 3.29% |
East Asian[d] | 64,825 | 3.76% | 61,400 | 3.69% | 52,195 | 3.24% | 52,650 | 3.3% | 25,810 | 2.53% |
Indigenous | 15,315 | 0.89% | 12,035 | 0.72% | 9,510 | 0.59% | 7,600 | 0.48% | 3,555 | 0.35% |
Other[e] | 23,010 | 1.34% | 16,835 | 1.01% | 14,585 | 0.9% | 9,205 | 0.58% | 5,675 | 0.56% |
Total responses | 1,723,230 | 97.75% | 1,663,225 | 97.57% | 1,612,640 | 97.76% | 1,593,725 | 98.34% | 1,019,735 | 98.1% |
Total population | 1,762,949 | 100% | 1,704,694 | 100% | 1,649,519 | 100% | 1,620,693 | 100% | 1,039,534 | 100% |
- Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.
Group | 2021[11] | 2016[17] | 2011[18] | 2006[19] | 2001[20] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Visible minority | 668,975 | 38.8% | 568,570 | 34.2% | 510,665 | 31.7% | 414,830 | 26% | 231,760 | 22.7% |
Indigenous | 15,315 | 0.9% | 12,035 | 0.7% | 9,510 | 0.6% | 7,600 | 0.5% | 3,555 | 0.3% |
Population group | Population | % of total population | |
---|---|---|---|
Visible minority[11] |
Black | 198,610 | 11.5% |
Arab | 141,935 | 8.2% | |
South Asian | 79,670 | 4.6% | |
Latin American |
78,150 | 4.5% | |
Chinese |
56,935 | 3.3% | |
Southeast Asian | 37,905 | 2.2% | |
Filipino |
27,355 | 1.6% | |
West Asian |
17,500 | 1% | |
Korean |
5,245 | 0.3% | |
Japanese | 2,645 | 0.2% | |
Mixed visible minority |
17,540 | 1% | |
Visible minority, n.i.e. | 5,470 | 0.3% | |
Total visible minority population | 668,975 | 38.8% | |
Indigenous[11] | First Nations | 8,065 | 0.5% |
Métis |
5,705 | 0.3% | |
Inuit | 545 | 0% | |
Other | 1,000 | 0.1% | |
Total Indigenous population | 15,315 | 0.9% | |
European[a] |
1,038,940 | 60.3% | |
Total responses | 1,723,230 | 97.7% | |
Total population | 1,762,949 | 100% |
Metro Montreal
Panethnic group |
2021[21][12] | 2016[22] | 2011[23] | 2006[24] | 2001[25] | 1996[26][27] | 1981[26][27] | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | ||||||
European[f] | 3,059,895 | 72.74% | 3,070,210 | 76.57% | 2,963,860 | 78.98% | 2,980,280 | 83.05% | 2,911,230 | 86.11% | — | — | — | — | |||||
African
|
340,140 | 8.09% | 270,940 | 6.76% | 216,310 | 5.76% | 169,065 | 4.71% | 139,305 | 4.12% | 122,320 | 3.72% | — | — | — | ||||
Middle Eastern[b] | 285,615 | 6.79% | 220,055 | 5.49% | 172,345 | 4.59% | 113,405 | 3.16% | 79,410 | 2.35% | 73,950 | 2.25% | — | — | — | ||||
Latin American | 137,850 | 3.28% | 110,195 | 2.75% | 98,010 | 2.61% | 75,400 | 2.1% | 53,155 | 1.57% | 46,700 | 1.42% | — | — | — | ||||
South Asian | 121,260 | 2.88% | 85,925 | 2.14% | 79,540 | 2.12% | 70,615 | 1.97% | 57,935 | 1.71% | 37,600 | 1.14% | — | — | — | ||||
East Asian[d] | 116,820 | 2.78% | 100,265 | 2.5% | 83,420 | 2.22% | 79,665 | 2.22% | 58,165 | 1.72% | 51,930 | 1.58% | — | — | — | ||||
Southeast Asian[c] | 101,560 | 2.41% | 88,755 | 2.21% | 89,645 | 2.39% | 68,475 | 1.91% | 57,460 | 1.7% | 46,165 | 1.4% | — | — | — | ||||
Indigenous | 46,085 | 1.1% | 34,745 | 0.87% | 26,285 | 0.7% | 17,865 | 0.5% | 11,085 | 0.33% | — | — | — | — | |||||
Other/Multiracial[e] | 40,565 | 0.96% | 28,710 | 0.72% | 23,060 | 0.61% | 13,755 | 0.38% | 12,900 | 0.38% | 8,360 | 0.25% | — | — | — | ||||
Total: Visible minority | 1,143,810 | 27.2% | 904,845 | 22.6% | 762,330 | 20.3% | 590,380 | 16.5% | 458,330 | 13.5% | — | 12.2% | — | 5.2% | |||||
Total responses | 4,206,455 | 98.01% | 4,009,795 | 97.83% | 3,752,470 | 98.12% | 3,588,520 | 98.71% | 3,380,645 | 98.67% | — | — | — | — | |||||
Total population | 4,291,732 | 100% | 4,098,927 | 100% | 3,824,221 | 100% | 3,635,571 | 100% | 3,426,350 | 100% | — | 100% | — | 100% | |||||
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses |
Ethnic origin | Population | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Canadian | 1,670,655 | 43.8% |
French | 870,245 | 21.7% |
Italian
|
279,800 | 7.0% |
Irish | 239,460 | 6.0% |
English | 138,320 | 3.4% |
Haitian
|
132,255 | 3.3% |
Scottish | 124,130 | 3.1% |
Chinese | 108,775 | 2.7% |
First Nations | 101,915 | 2.5% |
Québécois
|
92,115 | 2.3% |
German | 86,025 | 2.1% |
Algerian
|
84,585 | 2.1% |
Moroccan | 77,450 | 1.9% |
Spanish
|
68,600 | 1.7% |
Greek | 66,395 | 1.7% |
Lebanese | 68,765 | 1.7% |
Polish | 64,895 | 1.6% |
Portuguese | 56,405 | 1.4% |
Russian | 49,275 | 1.2% |
East Indian | 48,485 | 1.2% |
Romanian | 47,980 | 1.2% |
Vietnamese | 38,660 | 1.0% |
Filipino
|
35,685 | 0.9% |
Ukrainian | 35,050 | 0.8% |
Belgian
|
31,840 | 0.8% |
Future projections
2041[29][30][31][32] | ||
---|---|---|
Population | % | |
European[nb 1] | 3,249,000 | 58.97% |
African
|
673,000 | 12.21% |
Middle Eastern[b] | 597,000 | 10.83% |
East Asian[d] | 252,000 | 4.57% |
Latin American | 213,000 | 3.87% |
South Asian | 195,000 | 3.54% |
Southeast Asian[c] | 167,000 | 3.03% |
Indigenous
|
87,000 | 1.58% |
Other/multiracial | 76,000 | 1.38% |
Projected Metro Montreal Population | 5,510,000 | 100% |
Ethnic groups
Aboriginals
34,745 Aboriginals live in Montreal.[33]
European
French
Montreal is the cultural centre of Quebec, French-speaking
Montreal plays a prominent role in the development of French-Canadian and Québécois culture. Its contribution to culture is therefore more of a society-building endeavour rather than limited to civic influence. The best talents from French Canada and even the French-speaking areas of the United States converge in Montreal and often perceive the city as their cultural capital. Montreal is also the most important stop in the Americas for Francophone artists from Europe, Africa and Asia.
The cultural divide between Canada's
British Isles
Montreal is the focal point of
With the advent of mass migration from beyond the confines of the British Empire, the English-speaking community in Montreal expanded to include a huge array of different cultures and ethnic groups. Since Chinese, Jewish, Greek, and other non-Catholic immigrants were barred from attending French-language Catholic schools under the Confessional school system, they attended English-language Protestant schools instead and became acculturated into the English-speaking community. This trend was boosted by the Catholic Church's policy, called la Revanche des berceaux or the "Revenge of the Cradle", of encouraging French-Canadians to maintain a very high birth-rate in order to bolster the community's demographic weight in Canada. This policy, along with the Church's traditional mistrust of entrepreneurship and the business world, caused French-Canadians in Quebec to remain largely poor and rural while shunning immigration in an attempt to resist assimilation. Immigrants who arrived prior to the Quiet Revolution therefore largely assimilated into the increasingly diverse English-speaking community in Montreal, while the city's French-speaking community remained largely white, French, and Catholic, growing through high birth rates and migration from the countryside rather than immigration.[35][36]
During the
Because of these developments, Montreal's English-speaking community today includes people of English and Commonwealth ancestry, as well as specific groups who arrived in waves before the advent of Bill 101. It is a highly diverse community, with many members having a complex and multi-layered sense of identity that does not easily conform to the Government's definitions of "anglophone", "allophone", and "francophone".[40]
The community is served by one daily newspaper,
The English-speaking community in Montreal has traditionally been very pro-active in building up institutions in the areas of education and healthcare, most notably
Prominent venues in Montreal's English-speaking community include the Centaur Theatre and the Segal Centre for Performing Arts. Notable English-speaking Montrealers include Oliver Jones, Leonard Cohen, Oscar Peterson, William Shatner, Nick Auf der Maur, Melissa Auf der Maur, Mike Bossy, and Mordecai Richler.
The English-speaking community in Montreal is geographically fragmented along its diverse ethnic lines, with much of the English-speaking population concentrated in the suburban communities of the
All of these groups have English as their first language of use and may partake in the English-language or other minority school systems, but they also maintain separate cultural traditions and institutions and often operate in French at work, making it difficult to pinpoint exactly where the boundaries of Montreal's English-speaking community lie. Montréal's English-speaking population became more diverse in the 20th century. Jewish migrants from Eastern Europe arrived in large numbers in the late 19th century, followed by Italians, both groups largely aligning with the English-speaking community. Less numerous, but also important, were the many black, Chinese and South Asian migrants who increased the visible minority proportion of anglophones; today, 24.2 per cent of anglophones are visible minorities. Moreover, most anglophones in Québec are now of non-English origin.[40]
Italians
Montreal's
Greeks
Greek is the eighth language in importance. The Greek community remains vibrant: several neighbourhoods contain a number of Greek-owned businesses and local festivals and churches add to the multicultural character of the city. The neighbouring city of Laval also has a sizable Greek community, predominantly residing in the borough of Chomedey.
Eastern Europeans
In 1931 the largest non-French, non-British ethnic group in St. Eusebe and St. Gabriel was the Poles.[43]
In 1931 the largest non-French, non-British ethnic group in Cremazie was the Czecho-Slovaks.[43]
In 1931 the largest non-French, non-British ethnic group in St. Marie was the Lithuanians.[43]
In 1931 the largest non-French, non-British ethnic group in St. Georges was the Finns.[43]
Jews
Montreal's Jewish community is one of the oldest and most populous in the country, formerly first but now second to Toronto and numbering about 100,000 according to the 2001 census. The community is quite diverse, and is composed of many different Jewish ethnic divisions that arrived in Canada at different periods of time and under differing circumstances.
Jews comprised 2.4% of the total Montreal population.[44]
Middle Eastern
According to CH (Montreal's multicultural channel) there are now over 117,000 people of Arab origin in Montreal. Montreal has sizeable communities of Lebanese, Syrian and Egyptian origin. The main Arab district is the borough of Saint-Laurent, which contains an Arab population of about 32,000 (52 percent of the population).[citation needed]
In 1931 the Syro-Lebanese were the largest non-French and non-British ethnic group in Ville Marie.[43]
Lebanese
According to the 2011 Census there were 190,275 Canadians who claimed Lebanese ancestry, with the largest concentration in Montreal, making them by far the largest group of people with Arabic-speaking roots.
Moroccans
As of the
Armenian
As of 2005 there were almost 30,000 ethnic Armenians in Montreal.[46] The Armenians first settled Canada in 1880. The first Armenian community in Montreal originally had 225 people.[46]
There are Armenian community institutions such as schools, youth organizations, and churches. The authors of "The Chameleon Character of Multilingual Literacy Portraits: Researching in "Heritage" Language Places and Spaces" wrote that in Montreal "there is no recognizable materially bounded Armenian neighborhood";[47] however, there are three Armenian schools in Montreal, as well as an AGBU Centre located in Ville Saint-Laurent and the Armenian Community Centre of Montréal, located in Ahuntsic-Cartierville.[48][49]
Berbers
Especially from
Caribbean
Additional West Indian women, from both the Francophone and Anglophone Caribbean, came to Montreal after the Domestic Immigration Program of 1955 was established.[50] Most settled in Little Burgundy.
Haitian
Montreal's Haitian community of 100,000 people is the largest in Canada. Large percentages of Haitians live in Montréal-Nord, Saint-Michel and R.D.P. Today, Haitian Creole is the sixth most spoken language in Montreal and the seventh most spoken language in the province of Quebec.[citation needed]
Latin American
Montreal is host to the second largest Latin American community in Canada at 75,400 (Toronto ranks first, with 99,290), but amongst major Canadian cities, has the highest Latin American concentration at 4.1% in comparison to Toronto's Latin American concentration of 2.9% as well as the highest concentration amongst major Canadian metro areas at 2.7% to Toronto GMA's 2.3% as of 2016. The majority of Latin American Canadians are recent immigrants arriving in the late 20th century who have come from El Salvador, Colombia, Mexico, Chile and Guatemala with relatively smaller communities from the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Venezuela, Nicaragua and Ecuador.[51] Spanish is currently the fifth most spoken language in Montreal.
On the other hand, the city is also home to 4,425 Brazilians who are part of the Portuguese-speaking community of Montreal.[52]
South Asian
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2014) |
The term Indo-Canadian is typically used in Canada to refer to people from the many ethnic groups of the Republic of India, and other South Asian countries including Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Sometimes you will also hear the term 'East Indian.'[53] As of 1985 there were 9,000 Sikhs in the Montreal area. Around 35 of
East & Southeast Asian
Chinese
As of 2006 Montreal has Canada's third largest ethnic Chinese population at 72,000 members.[56] As of 2005 there is an estimate of 42,765 ethnic Chinese in Montreal. Of the ethnic minorities, the Chinese are the fourth largest. National origins include Hong Kong, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and Singapore.[57]
The South Shore suburb of Brossard in particular has a high ethnic Chinese population, at 12% of its population.[58] Montreal also has a small Chinatown sandwiched in between Old Montreal, the Quartier international and downtown.
As of 2005 Sinoquebec is the newest Chinese-language newspaper in Montreal.[59] Others are Les Presses Chinoises and Sept Days.
Several Chinese-language special schools are in Montreal.[59] The Montreal Chinese Hospital is located in the city.
Japanese
As of 2005 there were an estimated 2,360 ethnic Japanese in Montreal.[60] As of 2003 there was no particular place where ethnic Japanese were concentrated,[61] E. Bourgault wrote in Perspectives on the Japanese Canadian Experience in Quebec (Repartir à zéro: Perspectives sur l'expérience des Canadiens d'origine japonaise au Québec) that Japanese in Montreal historically "lived relatively anonymously" and that they "have avoided visible concentration as a collective, hoping to blend in, unnoticed into the larger population."[62]
Cambodians
As of 1999 the Communauté Khmere du Canada (Khmer Community Association) and the Pagode Khmer du Canada (Khmer Buddhist Temple) cooperate with one another.[63]
Some Muslim
As of 1999 in Montreal duan chee give active help in resolving emotional issues with Khmer women, while this is not the case with duan chee in Toronto.[65]
Language
This section needs to be updated.(January 2024) |
In terms of mother language (first language learned), the 2006 census reported that in the
1996[67] | 2001[68] | 2006[69] | 2011[70] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
French | 71.2% | 72.1% | 70.5% | 70.4% | |
English | 15.4% | 14.8% | 14.9% | 14.0% | |
Other language | 13.4% | 13.1% | 14.6% | 16.6% | |
Note that percentages add up to more than 100% because some people speak two or more languages at home. |
Language | Greater Montreal
|
Quebec | Canada |
---|---|---|---|
French | 65.8% | 79.7% | 22.0% |
English | 13.2% | 9.0% | 58.6% |
Arabic
|
3.9% | 2.1% | 1.1% |
Spanish | 3.1% | 1.8% | 1.3% |
Italian | 3.1% | 1.6% | 1.3% |
Creole | 1.5% | 0.8% | 0.2% |
Greek | 1.1% | 0.5% | 0.4% |
Chinese | 1.1% | 0.6% | 1.3% |
Portuguese | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.7% |
Romanian | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.3% |
Vietnamese | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
Russian | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.5% |
Persian | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.5% |
Tagalog | 0.4% | 0.2% | 1.2% |
Armenian | 0.4% | 0.2% | 0.1% |
Polish | 0.4% | 0.2% | 0.6% |
Tamil | 0.4% | 0.2% | 0.4% |
Punjabi | 0.3% | 0.2% | 1.4% |
German | 0.3% | 0.2% | 1.3% |
Bengali | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.2% |
Cantonese | 0.3% | 0.1% | 1.2% |
Urdu
|
0.3% | 0.1% | 0.6% |
Mandarin | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.8% |
Canada Census Mother Tongue - Greater Montreal, Quebec[72] | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Census | Total | French
|
English
|
French & English
|
Other
| |||||||||||||
Year | Responses | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | |||||
2021
|
4,246,060
|
2,543,265 | 0.34% | 59.89% | 474,735 | 6.7% | 11.18% | 81,470 | 72.78% | 1.9% | 990,820 | 8.8% | 23.33% | |||||
2016
|
4,053,355
|
2,551,955 | 6.1% | 62.96% | 444,955 | 1.1% | 10.97% | 47,150 | 14.89% | 1.16% | 910,605 | 8.57% | 22.47% | |||||
2011
|
3,785,915
|
2,395,525 | 2.8% | 63.27% | 439,845 | 3.1% | 11.62% | 40,400 | 35% | 1.07% | 832,245 | 3% | 21.98% | |||||
2006
|
3,588,520
|
2,328,400 | 2.27% | 64.88% | 425,635 | 4% | 11.86% | 26,855 | 11.35% | 0.75% | 807,630 | 17.3% | 22.5% | |||||
2001
|
3,380,645
|
2,275,035 | 3.12% | 67.29% | 408,185 | 4.4% | 12.1% | 29,935 | 2.05% | 0.89% | 667,485 | 12.89% | 19.74% | |||||
1996
|
3,287,645
|
2,204,285 | 5.03% | 67.04% | 426,600 | 4.4% | 12.9% | 30,550 | 73.9% | 0.9% | 581,450 | 21.5% | 17.68% | |||||
1991
|
3,127,245
|
2,093,395 | 5.7% | 66.94% | 445,515 | 2.6% | 14.2% | 53,140 | 66.7% | 1.6% | 456,670 | 24.5% | 14.6% | |||||
1986
|
2,921,357
|
1,974,115 | 1.9% | 67.76% | 433,095 | 20.09% | 14.82% | 88,585 | n/a | 3.03% | 344,970 | n/a | 11.8% | |||||
1981
|
2,828,349
|
1,936,200 | n/a | 68.24% | 520,485 | n/a | 18.3% | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Canada Census Mother Tongue – Montreal, Quebec[72] | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Census | Total | French
|
English
|
French and English
|
Other
| |||||||||||||
Year | Responses | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | |||||
2016
|
1,680,910
|
833,280 | 1.75% | 49.57% | 208,140 | 0.93% | 12.38% | 20,705 | 18.79% | 1.27% | 559,035 | 4.19% | 34.34% | |||||
2011
|
1,627,945
|
818,970 | 1.86% | 50.3% | 206,210 | 3.1% | 12.67% | 17,430 | 44.58% | 1.07% | 536,560 | 1.93% | 32.30% | |||||
2006
|
1,593,725
|
834,520 | 4.45% | 52.36% | 200,000 | 2.92% | 12.5% | 12,055 | 28.27% | 0.75% | 547,150 | 13.01% | 34.33% | |||||
2001
|
1,608,024
|
873,564 | 2.07% | 54.32% | 206,025 | 4.21% | 12.81% | 16,807 | 14.02% | 1.04% | 484,165 | 13.72% | 30.1% | |||||
1996
|
1,569,437
|
855,780 | n/a | 54.53% | 215,100 | n/a | 13.7% | 14,740 | n/a | 0.94% | 425,725 | n/a | 27.12% |
2016 population by Mother tongue
Ville de Montréal
Top 30 languages Montréal, 2016[73] | Population | % |
---|---|---|
French | 833,280 | 52.1 |
English | 208,140 | 13.0 |
Arabic | 95,165 | 5.9 |
Spanish | 72,760 | 4.5 |
Italian | 67,800 | 4.2 |
Creole |
36,160 | 2.3 |
Mandarin | 26,245 | 1.6 |
Vietnamese | 18,115 | 1.1 |
Portuguese | 17,130 | 1.1 |
Greek | 16,935 | 1.1 |
Romanian | 15,230 | 1.0 |
Russian | 14,685 | 0.9 |
Cantonese | 14,435 | 0.9 |
Farsi | 12,585 | 0.8 |
Tagalog (Filipino) | 10,770 | 0.7 |
Tamil | 9,595 | 0.6 |
Bengali | 9,290 | 0.6 |
Kabyle | 8,460 | 0.5 |
Panjabi (Punjabi) | 7,300 | 0.5 |
Polish | 7,000 | 0.4 |
Urdu | 6,580 | 0.4 |
Armenian | 6,330 | 0.4 |
Yiddish | 6,030 | 0.4 |
Khmer (Cambodian) | 4,875 | 0.3 |
Turkish | 4,535 | 0.3 |
Gujarati | 4,075 | 0.3 |
German | 3,990 | 0.2 |
Bulgarian | 3,625 | 0.2 |
Korean | 3,120 | 0.2 |
Ukrainian | 2,995 | 0.2 |
Religion
City of Montreal
The Greater Montreal Area is predominantly
The religious breakdown of the population of Montreal is:
Religion | Population | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Christianity | 853,205 | 49.5% |
No religious affiliation | 534,180 | 31.0% |
Islam | 218,395 | 12.7% |
Judaism | 35,930 | 2.1% |
Hinduism | 30,430 | 1.8% |
Buddhism | 26,395 | 1.5% |
Sikhism | 15,630 | 0.9% |
Other religions | 9065 | 0.5% |
Metro Montreal
Religious group | 2021[80] | 2011[81] | 2001[82] | 1991[83][84] | 1981[85][86] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Christianity | 2,431,435 | 57.8% | 2,790,920 | 74.38% | 2,859,010 | 84.57% | 2,737,050 | 88.55% | 2,578,005 | 92.14% |
Irreligion | 1,200,090 | 28.53% | 560,650 | 14.94% | 258,295 | 7.64% | 167,060 | 5.4% | 88,650 | 3.17% |
Islam | 365,675 | 8.69% | 221,040 | 5.89% | 100,185 | 2.96% | 41,215 | 1.33% | 10,935 | 0.39% |
82,075 | 1.95% | 83,200 | 2.22% | 88,765 | 2.63% | 96,710 | 3.13% | 101,365 | 3.62% | |
Hinduism | 45,565 | 1.08% | 32,280 | 0.86% | 24,075 | 0.71% | 13,775 | 0.45% | 6,415 | 0.23% |
Buddhism | 42,540 | 1.01% | 47,350 | 1.26% | 37,840 | 1.12% | 27,905 | 0.9% | 9,165 | 0.33% |
Sikhism | 22,990 | 0.55% | 9,205 | 0.25% | 7,930 | 0.23% | 3,880 | 0.13% | 1,555 | 0.06% |
Indigenous spirituality
|
290 | 0.01% | 200 | 0.01% | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Other | 15,785 | 0.38% | 7,620 | 0.2% | 4,550 | 0.13% | 3,515 | 0.11% | 1,950 | 0.07% |
Total responses | 4,206,450 | 98.01% | 3,752,475 | 95.38% | 3,380,645 | 98.67% | 3,091,115 | 98.84% | 2,798,040 | 98.93% |
Total population | 4,291,732 | 100% | 3,934,078 | 100% | 3,426,350 | 100% | 3,127,242 | 100% | 2,828,349 | 100% |
See also
References
- Maguire, Mary H., Ann J. Beer, Hourig Attarian, Diane Baygin, Xiao Lan Curdt-Christiansen, and Reiko Yoshida (ISBN 1135615535, 9781135615536.
Notes
- ^ a b Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
- ^ a b c Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ a b c Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ a b c Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ a b Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ 2001-2016: Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
2021: Statistic includes all persons belonging to the non-indigenous and non-visible minority “White” population group.
- ^ "Montréal en statistiques - Population totale". Ville de Montréal. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
- ^ a b "Montréal En Bref" (PDF). City of Montreal. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 28, 2011. Retrieved June 1, 2007.
- ^ a b "Statistical Tables — Religion". Statistics Canada Census. Gouvernement du Québec. Archived from the original on May 24, 2008. Retrieved May 20, 2008.
- ^ "Vol. 1 - Table 2". 1951 Canadian Census. University of Toronto. Archived from the original (XLS) on May 21, 2012. Retrieved May 20, 2008.
- ^ "Census Profile". Archived from the original on September 29, 2013.
- ^ "Census Profile". Archived from the original on September 29, 2013.
- ^ "Description of chart 1 – Population growth rates by census metropolitan area, 2012/2013, Canada". January 2001.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data". Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population. March 13, 2007. Archived from the original on January 9, 2008. Retrieved March 13, 2007.
- ^ "Annual population estimates by census metropolitan area, Canada — Population at July 1". Statistics Canada. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
- ^ "Appendix: Table A1 Population by visible minority group and place of residence, scenario C (high growth), Canada, 2006". Statcan.gc.ca. March 9, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
- ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). "Visible minority and population group by generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
- ^ Canada 2006 Census. Statistics Canada. February 11, 2010. Archived from the originalon August 5, 2011. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
- ^ Statistics Canada (2002). "Selected Ethnic Origins, for Census Subdivisions". Archived from the original on March 12, 2007. Retrieved February 22, 2007.
- ^ "Visible Minority Population and Population Group Reference Guide, 2006 Census". Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved June 27, 2008.
- ^ "Visible Minority Population and Population Group Reference Guide, 2006 Census". 2.statcan.ca. August 11, 2009. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
- ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
- ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
- ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (August 20, 2019). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
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- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (August 20, 2019). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
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- ^ a b "Proportion of visible minorities, Canada, Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver, 1981 to 2001". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on January 21, 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
- ^ a b "Visible Minority Neighbourhood Enclaves and Labour Market Outcomes of Immigrants - ARCHIVED". www150.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
- ^ "2016 Census Data: Montreal (CMA)". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (September 8, 2022). "Canada in 2041: A larger, more diverse population with greater differences between regions". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (September 8, 2022). "Projected population by racialized group, generation status and other selected characteristics (x 1,000)". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 6, 2021). "Projections of the Indigenous populations and households in Canada, 2016 to 2041". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
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- ^ "Focus on Geography Series, 2016 Census - Statistique Canada". February 8, 2017.
- ^ Originally intended to be the sole beneficiaries of Bill 101's allowance for English schooling, as per Saint-Leonard, Quebec#Saint-Leonard Conflict
- ^ Québec since confederation at The Canadian Encyclopedia, accessed September 1, 2019
- ^ Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Canada#Quebec[circular reference]
- ^ Yakabuski, Konrad (August 14, 2009). "Opinion: Neither practising nor believing, but Catholic even so". The Globe and Mail.
- ^ "Home Page Fall - Panoram Italia".
- ^ "Language conflict in Québec | Thematic Tours | Musée McCord Museum". Archived from the original on November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
- ^ a b English-speaking Quebecer at The Canadian Encyclopedia, accessed September 1, 2019
- ^ "QCGN Community Priorities - Vitality for our English-speaking community". April 2021.
- ^ "Jewish General Hospital - 1910". Archived from the original on December 16, 2010.
- ^ ISBN 0773563946, 9780773563940. p. 33.
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- ISBN 143811012X, 9781438110127. p. 195.
- ^ a b Maguire, et al, p. 151.
- ^ Maguire, et al, p. 154.
- ^ "The Incomparable Armenian Community in Montreal, Canada – Asbarez.com". Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ^ Manjikian, Lalai. "Collective memory and diasporic articulations of imagined homes: Armenian community centres in Montreal." (2005).
- ISBN 077485815X, 9780774858151. Start: p. 268. CITED: p. 279. Retrieved on October 7, 2014.
- ^ "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada — Data table". 2.statcan.ca. October 6, 2010. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
- ^ Statistics Canada. "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables (Montréal)". Retrieved August 26, 2015.
- ^ "https://www.myconsultant.ca/EN/Everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-Indian-community-in-Canada
- The Montreal Gazette. Wednesday June 26, 1985. p. A1. Retrieved on Google News(p. 1/111) on October 22, 2014.
- CTVMontreal. Sunday December 5, 2010. Retrieved on December 7, 2014.
- Canada 2006 Census. Statistics Canada. April 2, 2008. Archived from the originalon December 4, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
- ^ Maguire, et al, p. 155.
- ^ "2006 Canadian Census: Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlights Tables: Brossard, Quebec". Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
- ^ a b Maguire, et al, p. 156.
- ^ Maguire, et al, p. 161.
- ^ Maguire, Mary H. (McGill University). "Identity and Agency in Primary Trilingual Children's Multiple Cultural Worlds: Third Space and Heritage Languages" (Archive). In: Cohen, James, Kara T. McAlister, Kellie Rolstad, and Jeff MacSwan (editors). ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism. Conference held from April 30 to May 3, 2003. Published May 2005. p. 1423-1445. CITED: p. 1439 (PDF p. 17/24). "The other two schools, the Chinese Shonguo and Japanese Hoshuko are privately funded, rent space for their Saturday schools from mainstream educational institutions, and thus have no visible identifiable logo or physical presence as a particular 'heritage language school'."
- ^ Maguire, Mary H. (McGill University). "Identity and Agency in Primary Trilingual Children's Multiple Cultural Worlds: Third Space and Heritage Languages" (Archive). In: Cohen, James, Kara T. McAlister, Kellie Rolstad, and Jeff MacSwan (editors). ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism. Conference held from April 30 to May 3, 2003. Published May 2005. p. 1423-1445. CITED: p. 1438 (PDF p. 16/24). "The other two schools, the Chinese Shonguo and Japanese Hoshuko are privately funded, rent space for their Saturday schools from mainstream educational institutions, and thus have no visible identifiable logo or physical presence as a particular 'heritage language school'."
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- ^ "Language Spoken Most Often at Home (8), Language Spoken at Home on a Regular Basis (9), Sex (3) and Age Groups (15) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas 1 and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data". Statistics Canada, 2001 Census of Population. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2007.
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- ^ 2021census
- ^ Montréal Profile, Montréal 2016
- ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population-Montréal, Ville". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022.
- ^ CBC Article - Church attendance declining in Canada
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- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (July 2, 2019). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (March 29, 2019). "Profile of Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations - Part A". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (March 29, 2019). "Profile of Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations - Part B". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (April 3, 2013). "1981 Census of Canada : volume 2 - provincial series : population; language, ethnic origin, religion, place of birth, schooling". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (May 26, 2020). "Data tables, 1981 Census Profile for Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 1981 Census - Part B". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
- ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an aboriginal identity.
Further reading
General:
- Lavoie, Nathalie and Pierre Serre. "From Bloc Voting to Social Voting: The case of Citizenship Issues of Immigration to Montreal, 1995-1996." Peace Research Abstracts 39, no. 6 (2002): 763–957.
- Linteau, Paul-André. Histoire de la ville de Montréal depuis la Confédération. Montreal, Boreal, 1992.
- Marois, Claude. "Cultural Transformations in Montreal since 1970." Journal of Cultural Geography 8, No. 2 (1988): 29–38.
- McNicoll, Claire. Montréal, une société multiculturelle. Paris: Belin, 1993.
- Monette, Pierre. L'immigrant Montréal. Montreal: Triptyque, 1994.
On specific ethnic groups:
- Berdugo-Cohen, Marie and Yolande Cohen. Juifs marocains à montreal: témoignages d'une immigration moderne. Montreal: VLB, 1987.
- Lam, Lawrence. From Being Uprooted to Surviving: Resettlement of Vietnamese-Chinese "Boat People" in Montreal, 1980-1990. Toronto: York Lanes Press, 1996.
- Penisson, Bernard. "L'émigration française au Canada." In: L'émigration française: études de cas: Algérie-Canada-Etats-Unis. Paris: Université de Paris I, Centre de recherches d'histoire nord-américaine, 1985.
- Robinson, Ira, Pierre Anctil, and Mervin Butovsku (editors). An Everyday Miracle: Yiddish Culture in Montreal. Montreal: Véhicule Press, 1990.
- Robinson, Ira and Mervin Butovsky (editors). Renewing Our Days Montreal Jews in the Twentieth Century. Montreal: Véhicule Press, 1995.