Farighunids

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Farighunids
9th-century–1010
Ghaznavid
conquest
1010
 Succeeded by
Ghaznavids

The Farighunids were an

Ghaznavid Empire, Sultan Mahmud
(r. 999–1030).

Background

According to the unknown author of the Hudud al-'Alam, the Farighunid family descended from the legendary Iranian king Afridun/Faridun.[1] The English historian Clifford Edmund Bosworth suggests that the Farighunids had ancestral ties with the Afrighids, the ruling dynasty of Khwarazm.[1] This is possibly supported by the fact that some chronicles refer to the Afrighids as the "Al Farighun of Kath".[1]

History

Khurasan and Transoxiana

The first Farighunid amir mentioned is

Ghur acknowledged his overlordship.[4]

Abu'l Haret died probably some time after 982, and his son

Mahmud, while Mahmud's sister had married Abu'l Haret's son Abu'l-Nasr Muhammad.[3] Abu'l Haret assisted Sabuktigin's forces at Herat against Fa'iq and the Simjurids, a battle in which the Ghaznavids and Farighunids were victorious. The Ghaznavids soon afterwards supplanted the Samanids in Khurasan, and the Farighunids become Ghaznavid vassals.[2]

Abu'l Haret died in c. 1000 and Abu'l-Nasr Muhammad succeeded him. Abu'l-Nasr enjoyed the confidence of Mahmud of Ghazna; in 1008 he fought in the center of the Ghaznavid line against the

Karakhanids near Carkhiyan[3] and in the following year escorted Mahmud during his campaign in India.[3] He also married off a daughter to Mahmud's son Muhammad of Ghazni. When Abu'l-Nasr died in around 1010, Muhammad took over the rule of Guzgan, even though Abu'l-Nasr had left a son, Hasan. This marked the end of Farighunid rule.[5]

Cultural significance

The Farighunids had a significant impact of many prominent individuals in the arts and sciences at the time.[5] Two great poets, Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadani and Abu al-Fath al-Busti, addressed poems to them, and the author of the Hudud al-'Alam, the first geographical treatise to be written in New Persian, dedicated the work to Abu'l Haret Muhammad in 982/3.[5] The Farighunids may also have had connections with the encyclopedist Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Khwarizmi and another encyclopedist named Sha'ya ibn Farighun, who wrote the Jawame' al-'ulum for the Muhtajid amir Abu Ali Chaghani.[5]

Geography

The historical region of Guzgan bordered

Oxus River served as its boundary.[1] The capital of the Farighunids was Yahudiyya, while Anbar—the largest city in Guzgan—served as the seat of the Farighunid amirs. Kundarm and Qurzuman were other major hubs of Guzgan.[1]

List of Farighunid amirs

See also

  • List of Sunni Muslim dynasties

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Davud 2018.
  2. ^ a b Haarmann 1996, p. 12.
  3. ^ a b c d e Dunlop 1965, p. 799.
  4. ^ Haug 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d Bosworth 1984, pp. 756–758.

Sources

  • Bosworth, C. E. (1984). "Āl-e Farīḡūn". In
    ISBN 978-0-71009-096-6
    .
  • Davud, Seyyed Ali Al-i (2018). "Farīghūnids (Āl-i Farīgh)". In
    ISSN 1875-9831
    .
  • Dunlop, D.M. (1965). "Farighunids". In
    OCLC 495469475
    .
  • Haarmann, Ulrich, ed. (1996). Islamic History and Civilization: Studies and Texts. Vol. 15. Brill.
  • Haug, Robert J (2015). "Farīghūnids". In Fleet, Kate;
    ISSN 1873-9830
    .
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