Ai-Khanoum plaque
The Ai-Khanoum plaque is an ancient
This disk, depicting the Greek goddess Nike driving a chariot drawn by lions and accompanied by the Greek goddess Cybele, was described as "remarkable" by the Metropolitan Museum of Art on account of its "hybrid Greek and Oriental imagery".[2] Made of silver, the disk combines components of Greek culture, such as the chlamys all the deities wear, with Oriental design motifs such as the fixed pose of the figures and the crescent moon.[3] It has been described as "the most important work [of] the Greco-Oriental style".[4]
Details
The disk was excavated from one of the southern storage rooms of the Temple of Indented Niches during the 1969 DAFA excavation campaign. It had been hidden between the bases of two large jars against a wall.[5] It is made of silver, and engraved with gold details:[6] a figure normally identified as the Greek deity Cybele traverses a rocky landscape in a chariot pulled by lions and guided by a winged goddess of Victory; meanwhile, one priest holds a parasol over Cybele, while another burns incense upon a stepped Oriental altar towards which the chariot travels. Above these figures are shown the Sun as Helios, the Moon, and a star.[7][8]
The disk has been attested as an example of a blended Hellenistic and Oriental artistic style. DAFA's lead archaeologist Paul Bernard noted that the iconographic elements—the representations of Victory and Helios, and the robes of the goddesses—were predominantly Greek in origin. However, the image displays no sense of perspective, with the characters displayed either in profile or head-on, which derives from Oriental tradition.[6][9] However, some aspects of the disk have been disputed, especially with regard to what it shows about Ai-Khanoum's religion. Claude Rapin believed that the disk in fact showed the Egyptian goddess Isis, not a Victory, while Henri-Paul Francfort theorised that the disk displayed an actual religious event in the city.[10][11]
References
- ^ Mairs 2013, p. 92, note 29.
- ^ "Afghanistan: Hidden Treasures from the National Museum, Kabul". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 27 June 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
- ^ Bernard 1970, pp. 339–347.
- ^ Bernard 1996, p. 116.
- ^ Bernard 1970, p. 339.
- ^ a b Bernard 1982, p. 158.
- ^ Bernard 1996, pp. 116–117.
- ^ Francfort et al. 2014, p. 59.
- ^ Bernard 1996, pp. 117–118.
- ^ Rapin 1990, p. 340.
- ^ Francfort 2012, p. 125.
Sources
- DAFA. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
- JSTOR 24966505. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ISBN 9789231028465.
- Francfort, Henri-Paul (2012). "Ai Khanoum 'Temple with Indented Niches' and Takht-i Sangin 'Oxus Temple' in Historical Cultural Perspective: Outline of a Hypothesis about the Cults". Parthica (14). Pisa: 109–136.
- JSTOR j.ctt1b7x71z.
- Mairs, Rachel (2013). "The 'Temple with Indented Niches' at Ai Khanoum: Ethnic and Civic Identity in Hellenistic Bactria". In ISBN 978-9042927148.
- Rapin, Claude (1990). "Greeks in Afghanistan: Ai Khanum". In Descœudres, Jean-Paul (ed.). Greek Colonists and Native Populations: Proceedings of the First Australian Congress of Classical Archaeology. ISBN 978-0-19-814869-2.