Firefox
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Initial release | November 9, 2004 | ||||||
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Website | mozilla |
Mozilla Firefox is a
Firefox is the
Firefox usage share grew to a peak of 32.21% in November 2009,[22] with Firefox 3.5 overtaking Internet Explorer 7, although not all versions of Internet Explorer as a whole;[23][24] its usage then declined in competition with Google Chrome.[22] As of July 2024[update], according to StatCounter, it had a 6.5% usage share on traditional PCs (i.e. as a desktop browser), making it the fourth-most popular PC web browser after Google Chrome (65%), Microsoft Edge (13%), and Safari (9.0%).[25][26] Firefox also helps prevent viewing misinformation and disinformation.[27]
History
The project began as an experimental branch of the
The Firefox project has undergone several name changes.
The Firefox project went through many versions before version 1.0 and had already gained a great deal of acclaim from numerous media outlets, such as
Version 1.0 of Firefox was released on November 9, 2004.[43] This was followed by version 1.5 in November 2005, version 2.0 in October 2006, version 3.0 in June 2008, version 3.5 in June 2009, version 3.6 in January 2010, and version 4.0 in March 2011. From version 5 onwards, the development and release model changed into a "rapid" one; by the end of 2011 the stable release was version 9, and by the end of 2012 it reached version 17.[44]
Major redesigns of its graphical user interface occurred on versions 4.0 (Strata) in March 2011, 29.0 (Australis) in April 2014, 57.0 (Photon) in November 2017, and 89.0 (Proton) in June 2021.
In 2016, Mozilla announced a project known as
On May 3, 2019, the expiry of an intermediate signing certificate on Mozilla servers caused Firefox to automatically disable and lock all browser extensions (add-ons).[50][51] Mozilla began the roll-out of a fix shortly thereafter, using their Mozilla Studies component.[50][51]
Support for Adobe Flash was dropped on January 6, 2021, with the release of Firefox 85.[52]
On June 1, 2021, Firefox's 'Proton' redesign was offered through its stable release channel[53] after being made available in the beta builds.[54] While users were initially allowed to revert to the old design through about:config, the corresponding key-value pairs reportedly stopped working in later builds, resulting in criticism.[55] These included accessibility concerns[56][57] despite Mozilla's claim to "continue to work with the accessibility community"[58] and had not been resolved as of October 2024[update].[59]
On January 13, 2022, an issue with Firefox's HTTP/3 implementation resulted in a widespread outage for several hours.[60]
On September 26, 2023, Firefox 118.0 introduced on-device translation of web page content.[61]
On January 23, 2024, along with the release of Firefox 122.0, Mozilla introduced an official APT repository for Debian-based Linux distributions.[62]
Features
Features of the desktop edition include
Firefox provides an environment for web developers in which they can use built-in tools, such as the Error Console or the DOM Inspector, and extensions, such as Firebug and more recently there has been an integration feature with Pocket. Firefox Hello was an implementation of WebRTC, added in October 2014, which allows users of Firefox and other compatible systems to have a video call, with the extra feature of screen and file sharing by sending a link to each other. Firefox Hello was scheduled to be removed in September 2016.[73]
Former features include a
Browser extensions
Functions can be added through
Mozilla has occasionally installed extensions for users without their permission. This happened in 2017 when an extension designed to promote the show Mr. Robot was silently added in an update to Firefox.[81][82]
Themes
Firefox can have themes added to it, which users can create or download from third parties to change the appearance of the browser.[83][84] Firefox also provides dark, light, and system themes.
Guest session
In 2013, Firefox for Android added a guest session mode, which wiped browsing data such as tabs, cookies, and history at the end of each guest session. Guest session data was kept even when restarting the browser or device, and deleted only upon a manual exit. The feature was removed in 2019, purportedly to "streamline the experience".[85][86]
Standards
Firefox implements many
Firefox has passed the
Firefox also implements "Safe Browsing,"
Firefox supports the playback of video content protected by HTML5
Firefox downloads and enables the Adobe Primetime and Google Widevine CDMs by default to give users a smooth experience on sites that require DRM. Each CDM runs in a separate container called a sandbox and you will be notified when a CDM is in use. You can also disable each CDM and opt-out of future updates
— Watch DRM content on Firefox[102]
and that it is "an important step on Mozilla's roadmap to remove NPAPI plugin support."[103] Upon the introduction of EME support, builds of Firefox on Windows were also introduced that exclude support for EME.[104][105] The Free Software Foundation and Cory Doctorow condemned Mozilla's decision to support EME.[106]
Security
From its inception, Firefox was positioned as a security-focused browser. At the time,
During this period, Firefox used a monolithic architecture, like most browsers at the time. This meant all browser components ran in a single process with access to all system resources. This setup had multiple security issues. If a web page used too many resources, the entire Firefox process would hang or crash, affecting all tabs. Additionally, any exploit could easily access system resources, including user files. Between 2008 and 2012, most browsers shifted to a multiprocess architecture, isolating high-risk processes like rendering, media, GPU, and networking.[112] However, Firefox was slower to adopt this change. It wasn't until 2015 that Firefox started its Electrolysis (e10s) project to implement sandboxing across multiple components. This rewrite relied on interprocess communication using Chromium's interprocess communication library and placed various component including the rendering component in its own sandbox.[113] Firefox released this rewrite in to beta in August 2016, noting a 10–20% increase in memory usage, which was lower than Chrome's at the time.[114] However, the rewrite caused issues with their legacy extension API, which was not designed to work cross-process and required shim code to function correctly.[114] After over a year in beta, the rewrite was enabled by default all users of Firefox in November 2017.[115]
In 2012, Mozilla launched a new project called Servo to write a completely new and experimental browser engine utilizing memory safe techniques written in Rust.[116] In 2018, Mozilla opted to integrate parts of the Servo project into the Gecko engine in a project codenamed the Quantum project.[117] The project completely overhauled Firefox's page rendering code resulting in performance and stability gains while also improving the security of existing components.[118] Additionally, the older incompatible extension API was removed in favour of a WebExtension API that more closely resembled Google Chrome's extension system. This broke compatibility with older extensions but resulted in lesser vulnerabilities and a much more maintainable extension system.[119] While the Servo project was intended to replace more parts of the Gecko Engine,[120] this plan never came to fruition. In 2020, Mozilla laid off all developers on the Servo team transferring ownership of the project to the Linux Foundation.[121]
Privacy
When Firefox initially released, it used a custom script permission policy where scripts that were signed by the page could gain access to higher privilege actions such as the ability to set a user's preferences. However, this model was not widely used and was later discontinued by Firefox. Modern day Firefox instead follows the standard same-origin policy permission model that is followed by most modern browsers which disallows scripts from accessing any privileged data including data about other websites.[122]
It uses TLS to protect communications with web servers using strong cryptography when using the HTTPS protocol.[123] The freely available HTTPS Everywhere add-on enforces HTTPS, even if a regular HTTP URL is entered. Firefox now supports HTTP/2.[124]
In February 2013, plans were announced for Firefox 22 to disable
Version 23, released in August 2013, followed the lead of its competitors by blocking iframe, stylesheet, and script resources served from non-HTTPS servers embedded on HTTPS pages by default. Additionally, JavaScript could also no longer be disabled through Firefox's preferences, and JavaScript was automatically re-enabled for users who upgraded to 23 or higher with it disabled. The change was made due to the fact the JavaScript was being used across a majority of websites on the web and disabling JavaScript could potentially have untoward repercussions on inexperienced users who are unaware of its impact. Firefox also cited the fact that extensions like NoScript, that can disable JavaScript in a more controlled fashion, were widely available. The following release added the ability to disable JavaScript through the developer tools for testing purposes.[127][128][129]
Beginning with Firefox 48, all extensions must be signed by Mozilla to be used in release and beta versions of Firefox. Firefox 43 blocked unsigned extensions but allowed enforcement of extension signing to be disabled. All extensions must be submitted to
Since version 60 Firefox includes the option to use
On May 21, 2019, Firefox was updated to include the ability to block scripts that used a computer's
In March 2021, Firefox launched SmartBlock in version 87 to offer protection against
Localizations
Firefox is a widely localized web browser. Mozilla uses the in-house Pontoon localization platform.[139] The first official release in November 2004 was available in 24 different languages and for 28 locales.[140] In 2019, Mozilla released Project Fluent a localization system that allows translators to be more flexible with their translation than to be constrained in one-to-one translation of strings.[141][142] As of November 2024[update] the supported versions of Firefox are available in 97 locales (88 languages).[9]
Platform availability
There are desktop versions of Firefox for Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux, while
Notes
- In March 2014, the Windows Store app version of Firefox was cancelled, although there is a beta release.[163]
- superscalarprocessors.
- The x64 build for Windows (introduced with Firefox 43) was exclusive to Windows 7 and later. All previous versions of Windows have to use the IA-32 build.[164]
Firefox source code may be
Requirement | Microsoft Windows | Linux desktop | macOS | Android[166] | iOS |
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CPU
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Any x86-64 and ARM64 CPU[167] | x64[167]
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ARM64 | ||
Memory (RAM) | 384 MB | ? | |||
Data storage device free space
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80 MB | ~128 MB[170] | ||
Operating system |
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Android Lollipop or newer[8] | iOS 15 or later[170] |
Microsoft Windows
Firefox 1.0 was released for Windows 95, as well as Windows NT 4.0 or later. Some users reported the 1.x builds were operable (but not installable) on Windows NT 3.51.[171]
The version 42.0 release includes the first
instruction set.In September 2013, Mozilla released a Metro-style version of Firefox, optimized for touchscreen use, on the "Aurora" release channel. However, on March 14, 2014, Mozilla cancelled the project because of a lack of user adoption.[173][174][175]
In March 2017, Firefox 52 ESR, the last version of the browser for Windows XP and Windows Vista, was released.[176] Support for Firefox 52 ESR ended in June 2018.[177]
Traditionally, installing the Windows version of Firefox entails visiting the Firefox website and downloading an installer package, depending on the desired localization and system architecture. In November 2021, Mozilla made Firefox available on Microsoft Store. The Store-distributed package does not interfere with the traditional installation.[178][179]
The last version of Firefox for Windows 7 and 8 is Firefox 115 ESR, which was released in July 2023.[180] Its end-of-life was initially planned to be in October 2024,[181] however in July 2024, a Mozilla employee announced in a comment on Reddit that the company consider extending the support beyond the initial date, the duration of that extension being yet to be defined.[182] In September 2024, the extension was announced for an initial period of six months, leading the end-of-life date to March 2025.[183] In another Reddit comment, another Mozilla employee said that despite the extension "isn't going to be free [for Mozilla]", there was enough users to justify extending the support.[184] In the release calendar page, a note states that Mozilla will re-evaluate the situation in early 2025 to see if another extension will be needed or not and statute about 115 ESR end-of-life then.[185]
macOS
The first official release (Firefox version 1.0) supported macOS (then called Mac OS X) on the PowerPC architecture. Mac OS X builds for the IA-32 architecture became available via a universal binary which debuted with Firefox 1.5.0.2 in 2006.
Starting with version 4.0, Firefox was released for the x64 architecture to which macOS had migrated.[186] Version 4.0 also dropped support for PowerPC architecture, although other projects continued development of a PowerPC version of Firefox.[187]
Firefox was originally released for Mac OS X 10.0 and higher.
Linux
Since its inception, Firefox for Linux supported the 32-bit memory architecture of the IA-32 instruction set. 64-bit builds were introduced in the 4.0 release.[186] The 46.0 release replaced GTK 2.18 with 3.4 as a system requirement on Linux and other systems running X.Org.[198] Starting with 53.0, the 32-bit builds require the SSE2 instruction set.[199]
Firefox for Android
Firefox for mobile, code-named "Fennec", was first released for Maemo in January 2010 with version 1.0[200] and for Android in March 2011 with version 4.0.[201] Support for Maemo was discontinued after version 7, released in September 2011.[202] Fennec had a user interface optimized for phones and tablets. It included the Awesome Bar, tabbed browsing, add-on support, a password manager, location-aware browsing, and the ability to synchronize with the user's other devices with Mozilla Firefox using Firefox Sync.[203] At the end of its existence, it had a market share of 0.5% on Android.[204]
In August 2020, Mozilla launched a new version of its Firefox for Android app, named Firefox Daylight to the public
Operating system | Latest stable version | Support status | |
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Android (including Android-x86) |
5.0 and later | 133.0 (x64)[213] [214] | 2018– |
133.0 (ARM64)[213] [214] | 2017– | ||
133.0 (IA-32)[213] [214] | 2014– | ||
133.0 (ARMv7)[213] [214] | |||
4.1–4.4 | 68.11.0 (x64)[215] | 2018–2020 | |
68.11.0 (IA-32) | 2013–2020 | ||
68.11.0 (ARMv7) | 2012–2020 | ||
4.0 | 55.0.2 (IA-32)[216][217] | 2013–2017 | |
55.0.2 (ARMv7) | 2011–2017 | ||
3.0–3.2 | 45.0.2 (ARMv7)[216] | 2011–2016 | |
2.3 | 47.0 (ARMv7)[216][218] | ||
2.2–4.3 | 31.3.0esr (ARMv6) | 2012–2015 | |
2.2 | 31.0 (ARMv7)[219] | 2011–2014 | |
2.1 | 19.0.2 (ARMv6) | 2012–2013 | |
19.0.2 (ARMv7) | 2011–2013 | ||
2.0 | 6.0.2 (ARMv7) | 2011 | |
Firefox OS | 2.2 | 35/36/37 | 2015 |
2.1 | 33/34 | 2014–2015 | |
2.0 | 31/32 | ||
1.4 | 30 | 2014 | |
1.3 | 28 | ||
1.2 | 26 | 2013 | |
1.1 | 18 | ||
Maemo | 7.0.1 | 2010–2011 | |
Windows Mobile | 6.x | 1.0a3 | N/A |
- Notes
- Firefox for iOS is not listed in this table as its version numbers would be misleading. Prior to version 96[220] it used version numbers that do not correspond to any of the other Firefox versions. Those share a core component, the Gecko rendering engine, and track its version numbers, whereas the version for the iOSoperating system uses the operating system's rendering engine (WebKit), rather than Mozilla's (Gecko).
Firefox for iOS
Mozilla initially refused to port Firefox to iOS, due to the restrictions Apple imposed on third-party iOS browsers. Instead of releasing a full version of the Firefox browser, Mozilla released Firefox Home, a companion app for the iPhone and iPod Touch based on the
In April 2013, then-Mozilla CEO
In November 2016, Firefox released a new iOS app titled Firefox Focus, a private web browser.[232]
Firefox Reality (AR/VR)
Firefox Reality was released for Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality headsets in September 2018.
Unofficial ports
Firefox has also been ported to
The Firefox port for OpenBSD is maintained by Landry Breuil since 2010. Firefox is regularly built for the current branch of the operating system, the latest versions are packaged for each release and remain frozen until the next release. In 2017, Landry began hosting packages of newer Firefox versions for OpenBSD releases from 6.0 onwards, making them available to installations without the ports system.[248]
The
Operating system | Latest stable version | Support status | ||
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Solaris | 11 | 128.5.0esr (x64, SPARC V9) | 2011– | |
10 and OpenSolaris | 52.9.0esr (IA-32, x64, SPARC V9) | 2005–2018 | ||
8–9 | 2.0.0.20 (IA-32, SPARC V9) | 2004–2008 | ||
AIX | 7.1 and 7.2 | 3.6.25 (POWER) | N/A | |
HP-UX | 11i v2–v3 | 3.5.9 (IA-64, PA-RISC) | N/A | |
FreeBSD (Tier 1) | 13 and later | 133.0 (x64, ARM64) | 2021– | |
128.5.0esr (x64, ARM64) | ||||
12 | 121.0 (IA-32) | 2018–2024 | ||
115.6.0esr (IA-32) | ||||
OpenBSD | -stable | 7.6 | 133.0 (x64, ARM64, RISC-V) | 2024– |
128.5.0esr (x64, ARM64, RISC-V) | ||||
6.9 | 88.0.1 (IA-32) | 2021 | ||
78.14.0esr (IA-32) | ||||
5.8 | 38.7.1esr (PPC) | 2015–2016 | ||
5.7 | 31.6.0esr (SPARC V9) | 2015 | ||
4.7 | 3.5.10 (Alpha) | 2010 | ||
-release | 5.8 | 39.0.3 (PPC) | N/A | |
5.4 | 3.6.28 (Alpha) | |||
4.7 | 3.0.18 (ARM) |
Channels and release schedule
In March 2011, Mozilla presented plans to switch to the
In 2017, Mozilla abandoned the Aurora channel, which saw low uptake, and rebased Firefox Developer Edition onto the beta channel.[261] Mozilla uses A/B testing[262] and a staged rollout mechanism for the release channel, where updates are first presented to a small fraction of users, with Mozilla monitoring its telemetry for increased crashes or other issues before the update is made available to all users.[257] In 2020, Firefox moved to a four-week release cycle, to catch up with Chrome in support for new web features.[263][264] Chrome switched to a four-week cycle a year later.[265]
Licensing
Firefox
In the past, Firefox was licensed solely under the MPL, then version 1.1,
Trademark and logo
The name "Mozilla Firefox" is a registered trademark of Mozilla; along with the official Firefox logo, it may only be used under certain terms and conditions. Anyone may redistribute the official binaries in unmodified form and use the Firefox name and branding for such distribution, but restrictions are placed on distributions which modify the underlying source code.[273] The name "Firefox" derives from a nickname of the red panda.[37] Mozilla celebrated Red Pandas.[274]
Mozilla has placed the Firefox logo files under open-source licenses,[275][276] but its trademark guidelines do not allow displaying altered[277] or similar logos[278] in contexts where trademark law applies.[279]
There has been some controversy over the Mozilla Foundation's intentions in stopping certain open-source distributions from using the "Firefox" trademark.[12] Open-source browsers "enable greater choice and innovation in the market rather than aiming for mass-market domination."[280] Mozilla Foundation Chairperson Mitchell Baker explained in an interview in 2007 that distributions could freely use the Firefox trademark if they did not modify source code, and that the Mozilla Foundation's only concern was with users getting a consistent experience when they used "Firefox".[281]
To allow distributions of the code without using the official branding, the Firefox
Distributing modified versions of Firefox under the "Firefox" name required explicit approval from Mozilla for the changes made to the underlying code, and required the use of all of the official branding. For example, it was not permissible to use the name "Firefox" without also using the official logo. When the
Branding and visual identity
The Firefox icon is a trademark used to designate the official Mozilla build of the Firefox software and builds of official distribution partners.[284] For this reason, software distributors who distribute modified versions of Firefox do not use the icon.[279]
Early Firebird and Phoenix releases of Firefox were considered to have reasonable visual designs but fell short when compared to many other professional software packages. In October 2003, professional interface designer Steven Garrity authored an article covering everything he considered to be wrong with Mozilla's visual identity.[285]
Shortly afterwards, the Mozilla Foundation invited Garrity to head up the new visual identity team. The release of Firefox 0.8 in February 2004 saw the introduction of the new branding efforts. Included were new icon designs by silverorange, a group of web developers with a long-standing relationship with Mozilla. The final renderings are by Jon Hicks, who had worked on Camino.[286][287] The logo was later revised and updated, fixing several flaws found when it was enlarged.[288] The animal shown in the logo is a stylized fox, although "firefox" is usually a common name for the red panda. The panda, according to Hicks, "didn't really conjure up the right imagery" and was not widely known.[287]
In June 2019, Mozilla unveiled a revised Firefox logo, which was officially implemented on version 70. The new logo is part of an effort to build a brand system around Firefox and its complementary apps and services, which are now being promoted as a suite under the Firefox brand.
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Logo of "Phoenix" and "Firebird" before being renamed as Firefox
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Firefox 0.8–0.10, from February 9, 2004 to November 8, 2004
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Firefox 1.0–3.0, from November 9, 2004 to June 29, 2009
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Firefox 3.5–22, from June 30, 2009 to August 5, 2013
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Firefox 23–56, from August 6, 2013 to November 13, 2017[289]
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Firefox 57–69, from November 14, 2017 to October 21, 2019
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Firefox 70 or later, since October 22, 2019
-
The 2011 Nightly logo, used to representpre-alpha versions
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The 2013 Nightly logo
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The 2017 Nightly logo
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The 2019 Nightly logo
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The 2011 Aurora logo, used to represent analpha release
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The 2013 Aurora logo
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The 2015 Developer Edition logo
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The 2017 Developer Edition logo
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The 2019 Developer Edition logo
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Blue globe artwork, distributed with the source code, and is explicitly not protected as a trademark[290]
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The logo for the Firefox brand of products and services, as of July 2019. It appears as if the fox was removed, but this is not the logo for the browser itself.
Promotion
Firefox was adopted rapidly, with 100 million downloads in its first year of availability.[291] This was followed by a series of aggressive marketing campaigns starting in 2004 with a series of events Blake Ross and Asa Dotzler called "marketing weeks".[292]
Firefox continued to heavily market itself by releasing a marketing portal dubbed "Spread Firefox" (SFX) on September 12, 2004.
In celebration of the third anniversary of the founding of the Mozilla Foundation, the "World Firefox Day" campaign was established on July 15, 2006,[298][299] and ran until September 15, 2006.[300] Participants registered themselves and a friend on the website for nomination to have their names displayed on the Firefox Friends Wall, a digital wall that was displayed at the headquarters of the Mozilla Foundation.
The Firefox community has also engaged in the promotion of their web browser. In 2006, some of Firefox's contributors from Oregon State University made a crop circle of the Firefox logo in an oat field near Amity, Oregon, near the intersection of Lafayette Highway and Walnut Hill Road.[301] After Firefox reached 500 million downloads on February 21, 2008, the Firefox community celebrated by visiting Freerice to earn 500 million grains of rice.[302]
Other initiatives included Live Chat – a service Mozilla launched in 2007 that allowed users to seek technical support from volunteers.[303] The service was later retired.[304]
To promote the launch of Firefox Quantum in November 2017, Mozilla partnered with Reggie Watts to produce a series of TV ads and social media content.[305]
Performance
2000s
In December 2005, Internet Week ran an article in which many readers reported high memory usage in Firefox 1.5.[306] Mozilla developers said that the higher memory use of Firefox 1.5 was at least partially due to the new fast backwards-and-forwards (FastBack) feature.[307] Other known causes of memory problems were malfunctioning extensions such as Google Toolbar and some older versions of AdBlock,[308] or plug-ins, such as older versions of Adobe Acrobat Reader.[309] When PC Magazine in 2006 compared memory usage of Firefox 2, Opera 9, and Internet Explorer 7, they found that Firefox used approximately as much memory as each of the other two browsers.[310]
In 2006, Softpedia noted that Firefox 1.5 took longer to start up than other browsers,[311] which was confirmed by further speed tests.[312]
Internet Explorer 6 launched more swiftly than Firefox 1.5 on Windows XP since many of its components were built into the OS and loaded during system startup. As a workaround for the issue, a preloader application was created that loaded components of Firefox on startup, similar to Internet Explorer.[313] A Windows Vista feature called SuperFetch performs a similar task of preloading Firefox if it is used often enough.[citation needed]
Tests performed by PC World and Zimbra in 2006 indicated that Firefox 2 used less memory than Internet Explorer 7.[314][315] Firefox 3 used less memory than Internet Explorer 7, Opera 9.50 Beta, Safari 3.1 Beta, and Firefox 2 in tests performed by Mozilla, CyberNet, and The Browser World.[316][317][318] In mid-2009, BetaNews benchmarked Firefox 3.5 and declared that it performed "nearly ten times better on XP than Microsoft Internet Explorer 7".[319]
2010s
In January 2010, Lifehacker compared the performance of Firefox 3.5, Firefox 3.6, Google Chrome 4 (stable and Dev versions), Safari 4, and Opera (10.1 stable and 10.5 pre-alpha versions). Lifehacker timed how long browsers took to start and reach a page (both right after boot-up and after running at least once already), timed how long browsers took to load nine tabs at once, tested JavaScript speeds using Mozilla's Dromaeo online suite (which implements Apple's SunSpider and Google's V8 tests) and measured memory usage using Windows 7's process manager. They concluded that Firefox 3.5 and 3.6 were the fifth- and sixth-fastest browsers, respectively, on startup, 3.5 was third- and 3.6 was sixth-fastest to load nine tabs at once, 3.5 was sixth- and 3.6 was fifth-fastest on the JavaScript tests. They also concluded that Firefox 3.6 was the most efficient with memory usage followed by Firefox 3.5.[320]
In February 2012,
In June 2013, Tom's Hardware again performance tested Firefox 22, Chrome 27, Opera 12, and Internet Explorer 10. They found that Firefox slightly edged out the other browsers in their "performance" index, which examined wait times, JavaScript execution speed, HTML5/CSS3 rendering, and hardware acceleration performance. Firefox also scored the highest on the "non-performance" index, which measured memory efficiency, reliability, security, and standards conformance, finishing ahead of Chrome, the runner-up. Tom's Hardware concluded by declaring Firefox the "sound" winner of the performance benchmarks.[322]
In January 2014, a benchmark testing the memory usage of Firefox 29, Google Chrome 34, and Internet Explorer 11 indicated that Firefox used the least memory when a substantial number of tabs were open.[323]
In benchmark testing in early 2015 on a "high-end" Windows machine, comparing Microsoft Edge, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Opera, Firefox achieved the highest score on three of the seven tests. Four different JavaScript performance tests gave conflicting results. Firefox surpassed all other browsers on the Peacekeeper benchmark but was behind the Microsoft products when tested with SunSpider. Measured with Mozilla's Kraken, it came second place to Chrome, while on Google's Octane challenge it took third behind Chrome and Opera. Firefox took the lead with WebXPRT, which runs several typical HTML5 and JavaScript tasks. Firefox, Chrome, and Opera all achieved the highest possible score on the Oort Online test, measuring WebGL rendering speed (WebGL 2 is now current). In terms of HTML5 compatibility testing, Firefox was ranked in the middle of the group.[324]
A similar set of benchmark tests in 2016 showed Firefox's JavaScript performance on Kraken and the newer Jetstream tests trailing slightly behind all other tested browsers except Internet Explorer (IE), which performed relatively poorly. On Octane, Firefox came ahead of IE and Safari, but again slightly behind the rest, including Vivaldi and Microsoft Edge. Edge took overall first place on the Jetstream and Octane benchmarks.[325]
Firefox Quantum
As of the adoption of Firefox 57 and Mozilla's Quantum project entering production browsers in November 2017, Firefox was tested to be faster than Chrome in independent JavaScript tests, and demonstrated to use less memory with many browser tabs opened.[326][327] TechRadar rated it as the fastest web browser in a May 2019 report.[328]
Usage share
Downloads have continued at an increasing rate since Firefox 1.0 was released, and as of 31 July 2009[update] Firefox had already been downloaded over one billion times.[329] This number does not include downloads using software updates or those from third-party websites.[330] They do not represent a user count, as one download may be installed on many machines, one person may download the software multiple times, or the software may be obtained from a third-party.[citation needed]
In July 2010, IBM asked all employees (about 400,000) to use Firefox as their default browser.[331]
Firefox was the second-most used web browser until November 2011, when Google Chrome surpassed it.[332] According to Mozilla, Firefox had more than 450 million users as of October 2012[update].[333][334]
In October 2024, Firefox was the fourth-most widely used desktop browser, and it was the fourth-most popular with 2.95% of worldwide usage share of web browsers across all platforms.[335]
According to the Firefox Public Data report by Mozilla, the active monthly count of Desktop clients has decreased from around 310 million in 2017 to 200 million in 2023.[337] From Oct 2020, the desktop market share of Firefox started to decline in countries where it used to be the most popular. In Eritrea, it dropped from 50% in Oct 2020 to 9.32% in Sept 2021. In Cuba, it dropped from 54.36% in Sept 2020 to 38.42% in Sept 2021.[338][339]
The UK[340] and US[341] governments both follow the 2% rule. This states that only browsers with more than 2% market share among visitors of their websites will be supported. There are concerns that support for Firefox will be dropped because as of December 29, 2023, the browser market share among US government website visitors is 2.2%.[342]
See also
- Firefox User Extension Library
- History of the web browser
- List of free and open-source software packages
- Mozilla Prism
- XULRunner
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Firefox 133.0, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes". November 26, 2024. Retrieved November 26, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Firefox ESR 128.5.0, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes". November 26, 2024. Retrieved November 26, 2024.
- ^ "Firefox ESR 115.18.0, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes". mozilla.org. November 26, 2024. Retrieved November 26, 2024.
- ^ "Index of /pub/firefox/releases/134.0b9/". December 11, 2024. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
- ^ "Firefox Nightly 135.0a1, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes". November 25, 2024. Retrieved November 26, 2024.
- ^ Yegulalp, Serdar (February 3, 2017). "Mozilla binds Firefox's fate to the Rust language". InfoWorld. Archived from the original on August 19, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
- ^ "The Mozilla Firefox Open Source Project on Open Hub: Languages Page". openhub.net. Archived from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
- ^ a b "Firefox for Android upgrade FAQs". Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
- ^ a b "Mozilla Firefox release files". Mozilla. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
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Further reading
- Cheah, Chu Yeow (2005). Firefox Secrets: A Need-to-Know Guide. O'Reilly. ISBN 978-0-9752402-4-3.
- Feldt, Kenneth C. (2007). Programming Firefox. O'Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-10243-2.
- Granneman, Scott (2005). Don't Click on the Blue e!: Switching to Firefox. O'Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-00939-7.
- Hofmann, Chris; Marcia Knous; John Hedtke (2005). Firefox and Thunderbird Garage. Prentice Hall PTR. ISBN 978-0-13-187004-8.
- McFarlane, Nigel (2005). Firefox Hacks. O'Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-00928-1.
- Reyes, Mel (2005). Hacking Firefox: More Than 150 Hacks, Mods, and Customizations. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-7645-9650-6.
- ISBN 978-0-471-74899-1.