Former German nobility in the Nazi Party

In a memorandum in 1943, Prince Rupprecht even mentioned his ambition for the German crown, (of the Kaiserreich), which had been held by the House of Wittelsbach in the past.

Kingdom of Saxony

(Abolished 13 November 1918)

King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony

King

King William II abdicated on 30 November 1918.

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Württemberg Princes and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 3726902	Joined: 1 April 1936		Ernst II, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg	Hohenlohe-Langenburg	Born 13 June 1836. Ernst was the son, of Hermann, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, and Princess Leopoldine of Baden, daughter of Prince William of Baden. He married Queen Victoria's granddaughter, Princess Alexandra of Edinburgh, daughter of The Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Edinburgh and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna. Prince Ernst was the Regent of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha during the minority of his wife's cousin, Duke Charles Edward.
NSDAP – 4969451	Joined: 1 May 1937		Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Hohenlohe-Langenburg	Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia . She was the wife of Ernst II.
NSDAP – 4023070	Joined: 1 May 1937		Gottfried, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg	Hohenlohe-Langenburg	Born 24 March 1897. Gottfried was the son of Prince Ernst II. After 1918, Gottfried continued to serve as a leader of the European aristocracy. attempt on Adolf Hitler's life on 20 July 1944.[16] In 1931, Prince Gottfried married Princess Margarita of Greece and Denmark, the sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, in 1947 he became brother-in-law to Elizabeth II .

Unknown ? Württemberg nobility

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Unknown ? Württemberg Princes and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 1234146	Joined: 1 August 1932		Prince Albert Albrecht of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein	Hohenlohe-Bartenstein	Born 9 March 1906. Prince Albert Albrecht of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein and Jagstberg, was born in Württemberg, son of Johannes, VIII and Archduchess Anna Maria Theresia of Austria. The husband of Countess Therese of Hohenlohe.
NSDAP – 1331054	Joined: 1 September 1932		Princess Lahmann Mariella of Hohenlohe-Oehringen	Hohenlohe-Oehringen	Born 31 August 1900. Countess Maria-Gabrielle (Mariella) Hedwig von Faber-Castell. On 1 May 1935, she married Prince Max Hugo Paul Friedrich Karl Egon zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen. (1893–1951)
NSDAP – 1359811	Joined: 1 November 1932		Prince Carl of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein	Hohenlohe-Bartenstein	Born 20 October 1905. Carl, Prince of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein, was husband of Clara, Baroness von Meyern-Hohenberg, married 7 November 1912.
NSDAP – 3587919	Joined: 1 May 1933		Princess Alexandra of Hohenlohe-Langenburg	Hohenlohe-Langenburg	Born 22 April 1902. Daughter of Ernst II. Princess Alexandra of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (2 April 1901 – 26 October 1963)
NSDAP – 1891373	Joined: 1 May 1933		Prince Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein	Hohenlohe-Bartenstein	Born 3 September 1910. Frederick, Prince of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein. Prince Friedrich Hohenlohe-Bartenstein, was the son of Prince Johannes Hohenlohe-Bartenstein (b.1863) of Württemberg, and Princess Anna Austria-Toscana (b.1879) in Bavaria. He was husband of Marie Claire Buet.
NSDAP – 2151756	Joined: 1 May 1933		Prince Max-Hugo of Hohenlohe-Öhringen	Hohenlohe-Oehringen	Born 25 March 1893. Prince Max Hugo of Hohenlohe-Öhringen was the son of Max Anton Karl Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen and Helene Gräfin von Hatzfeldt. He married, firstly, Maria-Gabrielle Gräfin von Faber-Castell, daughter of Alexander Friedrich Lothar Graf von Faber-Castell and Sophie Ottilie Gräfin von Faber, divorced 1931. He married, secondly, Hella von Ramin in 1941. He and Hella divorced in 1942. He married, thirdly, Marianne Liselotte Diefenthal. He died on 17 October 1951 in Wurttemberg.
NSDAP – 3409977	Joined: 1 May 1933		(Prince) Grand Duke Karl Alexander of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach	Hohenlohe-Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach	Born 31 July 1908."According to His Royal Highest resolution. Highness graciously reigning Grand Duke Karl Alexander of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach from March 16, 1892 granted the rights of a legal personality".
NSDAP – 1787117	Joined: 1 July 1933		Prince Friedrich Karl Kraft	Hohenlohe	Born 16 March 1892. Prince Friedrich Karl KRAFT, born in Dresden (d. 2 September 1965), was son of Prince Hans Heinrich Georg, Prince of Hohenlohe-Oehringen, Duke of Ujest and Princess Gertrud Auguste Mathilde Olga von Hohenlohe-Öhringen. Died with his wife Florence Nina Chischina (1898–1965), in Rome, of wounds received in a car wreck.
NSDAP – 3508258	Joined: 1 January 1936		Prince Rudolph of Hohenlohe	Hohenlohe	Born 1 December 1903
NSDAP – 5637217	Joined: 1 May 1937		Princess Hella of Hohenlohe	Hohenlohe-Oehringen	Born 25 February 1883. Princess Hela was the wife of Prince Max-Hugo. Hella von Ramin was born on 25 February 1883. She was the daughter of Paul von Ramin and Gunhild von Ramin-Daber. She married, (third husband) Prince Max-Hugo in 1941. She and Max-Hugo divorced in 1942. She died 7 January 1943.
NSDAP – 4453767	Joined: 1 May 1937		Princess Irma of Hohenlohe-Langenburg	Hohenlohe-Langenburg	Born 4 July 1902. Daughter of Ernst II. Princess Irma of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (4 July 1902 – 8 March 1986)
NSDAP – 5371558	Joined: 1 May 1937		Prince Hugo Felix August zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen	Hohenlohe-Oehringen	Born 28 April 1890. Prince Hugo Felix August zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen, was son of Prince Hans Heinrich Georg, Prince of Hohenlohe-Oehringen, Duke of Ujest and Princess Gertrud Auguste Mathilde Olga von Hohenlohe-Öhringen. He was husband of Valerie von Carstanjen and Ursula von Zedlitz. He was father of Princess Alexandra Olga Elsa zu Hohenlohe Ohringen, and Princess Dorothea Elisabeth zu Hohenlohe Ohringen, (d.28 August 1962).
NSDAP – 6294978	Joined: 1 May 1938		Prince Alfred of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst	Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst	Born 31 March 1889. Prince Alfred of Hohenlohe was born in Salzburg, Austria, the son of Konrad, Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst and Franzisca Countess of Schönborn-Buchheim. He was husband of Catherine Britton. Father of Konrad zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst. Brother of Franziska Maria Anna von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst. He died on 21 October 1948 in Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland, United Kingdom.
NSDAP – 6580922	Joined: 1 December 1938		Prince Karl of Hohenlohe	Hohenlohe	Born 1 December 1903
NSDAP – 6580933	Joined: 1 December 1938		Prince Gottfried Constantin of Hohenlohe-Langenburg	Hohenlohe-Langenburg	Born 11 September 1893. Gottfried Constantin of Hohenlohe-Langenburg was the son of Kuk privy councilor Prince Gottfried Karl Joseph and Anna von Schönborn-Buchheim. In WWII Constantin was adjutant of the Supreme Commander in Belgium. After June 1944, he was assigned as head of the military administration in Estonia. Captain Hohenlohe was later fired from the Wehrmacht.
NSDAP – 6510492	Joined: 1 December 1938		Princess Viktoria of Hohenlohe	Hohenlohe	Born 20 October 1914

Grand Duchy of Baden

(Abolished 22 November 1918)

Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden

Grand Duke Frederick II abdicated on 22 November 1918, during the

Grand Duchy of Hesse

(Abolished 9 November 1918)

Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse

Prince Frederick Charles was the brother-in-law of the German Emperor

Prince Frederick's other son

He was killed in action during the fighting at Gor on the Eastern Front.

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Hesse Princes and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 418991	Joined: 1 October 1930		Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse	Hesse	Hitler and Benito Mussolini .
NSDAP – 696176	Joined: 1 November 1931		Prince Christoph of Hesse	Hesse	SS.[citation needed] Oberführer was a rank of the Nazi Party dating back to 1921. Translated as “senior leader”, an Oberführer was a Nazi Party member in charge of a group of paramilitary units in a particular geographical region.
NSDAP – 1187621	Joined: 1 May 1932		Prince Wilhelm of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld	Hesse-Philippsthal	Born 1 May 1905. In 1932, Prince Wilhelm joined the Nazi party and the Princess Marianne of Prussia. During WWII Prince Wilhelm refused to join an SS unit, instead switching to the regular German Army, where he became a captain of infantry.[38][page needed][39] He was killed in action during the fighting at Gor on the Eastern Front.
NSDAP – 1794944	Joined: 1 May 1932		Prince Wolfgang of Hesse	Hesse-Kassel	Born 6 November 1896. Prince Wolfgang of Crown Prince of Finland officially until 14 December 1918, and also afterwards by some monarchists.
NSDAP – 7900128	Joined: 1 January 1940		Princess Marie Alexandra of Baden	Hesse-Hesse by Rhine	Nicholas II of Russia , the last Romanov tsar.
NSDAP – 4628851	Joined: 1 May 1937		Princess Marianne of Prussia	Hesse-Philippsthal	Born 23 August 1913. Princess Marianne was the wife of Prince Wilhelm of Hesse. She was a descendant of William, German Crown Prince .
NSDAP – 4814689	Joined: 1 May 1938		Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse	Hesse	Born 1 May 1868. In 1893, Frederick Charles married Princess Margaret of Prussia, youngest sister of Wilhelm II and a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of Great Britain. They had six children, including two sets of twins.
NSDAP – 4814690	Joined: 1 May 1938		Princess Margaret of Prussia	Hesse	Landgravine of Hesse.

Unknown ? Hesse nobility

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Unknown ? Hesse Princes and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 1184026	Joined: 1 March 1932		Prince Alexis of Hesse-Philippsthal	Hesse-Philippsthal	Born 8 June 1911. Prince Alexis Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld. Was the son of Landgrave Chlodwig Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld, and Princess Karoline Solms-Hohensolms-Lich, b. 27 May 1877, d. 28 Nov 1958, Berlin, Germany.
NSDAP – 1203662	Joined: 1 August 1932		Prince Richard of Hesse	Hesse	Born 14 May 1901. Prince Richard was the twin brother of Prince Christopher.
NSDAP – 3515493	Joined: 1 May 1933		Princess Victoria Cecile of Hesse-Philippsthal	Hesse-Philippsthal	Born 26 October 1914. Viktoria Cäcilie (1914–1998), Prince Wilhelm and Alexander Friedrich (1911–1939), were the children of Nazi party. His third son Prince Alexander Friedrich, who suffered from epilepsy, was sterilised by the Nazis on 27 September 1938, he died a year later.[40]

Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine

(Abolished 9 November 1918)

Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse

During

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Hesse and by Rhine Princes and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 3766312	Joined: 1 May 1937		Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse	Hesse	Born 8 November 1906. Hereditary Grand Duke George was husband of Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark.
NSDAP – 3766313	Joined: 1 May 1937		Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark	Hesse	Born 22 January 1911. Princess Cecilie was a grandchild of King Olga Konstantinova of Russia (a granddaughter of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia). She was a great-great granddaughter of Queen Victoria. Her brother Philip, later Duke of Edinburgh, was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II .
NSDAP – 5900506	Joined: 1 May 1937		Louis, Prince of Hesse and by Rhine	Hesse by Rhine	Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex .

Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

(Abolished 14 November 1918)

Following the 1918 suicide of

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Mecklenburg-Schwerin Grand Dukes in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 504973	Joined: 1 May 1931		Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	Mecklenburg	Princess Alexandra of Hanover, a daughter of the Crown Prince of Hanover. Friedrich Franz joined the SS and promoted to Hauptsturmführer (Captain) by 1936.[44] During WWII he worked at the German embassy as a personal aide to Werner Best.[44] He spent 1944 serving with the Waffen-SS tank corps.[44]

Grand Duchy of Oldenburg

(Abolished 11 November 1918)

Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg

Grand Duke Frederick was forced to abdicate his throne at the end of World War I, when the former Grand Duchy of the German Empire joined the post-war German Republic.

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Oldenburg Grand Dukes in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 4085803	Joined: 1 May 1937		Nikolaus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Oldenburg	Oldenburg	ruling Grand Duke of Oldenburg. As a first cousin of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, he was a guest at her 1937 wedding to fellow Nazi Party member, Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld.[citation needed ]

Duchy of Anhalt

(Abolished 12 November 1918)

Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt

Joachim Ernst succeeded his father as Duke of Anhalt on September 13, 1918, however due to his age his uncle Prince Aribert of Anhalt was appointed regent. His brief reign came to an end on November 12, 1918 with his uncle abdicating in his name following the German revolution. The duchy became the Free State of Anhalt.

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Anhalt Dukes, Duchesses and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 3452693	Joined: 1 May 1934		Princess Marie-Auguste of Anhalt	Anhalt	Born 10 June 1898. Princess Marie Auguste was the daughter of Eduard, Duke of Anhalt and Princess Louise Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg.[47] Marie-Auguste married Anhalt, etc. After Joachim committed suicide in 1920, in 1922 Marie-Auguste sued ex-Emperor Wilhelm for the financial support promised to her, in her and Joachim's marriage contract.[47]

Unknown ? Anhalt nobility

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Unknown ? Anhalt Dukes, Duchesses and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 4843880	Joined: 1 May 1937		Duchess Edda Charlotte of Anhalt	Anhalt	Born 20 August 1905
NSDAP – 7267717	Joined: 1 November 1939		Duke Joachim Ernst of Anhalt	Anhalt	Born 11 January 1901

Duchy of Brunswick

(Abolished 8 November 1918)

Ernst August, Crown Prince of Hanover, was the only son of

Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg

When Germany lost the war, all the German princes lost their titles and states. Ernst was one of the first princes to realize major changes were coming for Germany, and quickly arrived at an amicable settlement with his subjects.

, he became the last survivor of the German princes who had reigned until 1918. One year later, on 22 March 1955, he died at his Schloß.

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Saxe-Altenburg Princes in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 4868932	Joined: 1 May 1937		Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg	Saxe-Coburg Altenburg	GDR citizenship after World War II, refusing to relocate to the British occupation zone. In 1954, on the death of Charles Edward , he became the last of the German princes who had reigned until 1918. (d. 22 November 1955).

Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

(Abolished 14 November 1918)

Ruler	Title	Arms – Flag	House – State	Location	Spouse – Children
	Duke Charles Edward 1884–1954		Duchy of Saxe-Coburg Gotha 1826–1918		Spouse: (1) Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein Children: (1) Princess Caroline Mathilde, (5) Prince Friedrich Josias

Charles Edward, was the last reigning

In 1977,

In 1919, most, if not all of these Saxe-Coburg Gotha princes lost their titles and royal status, in accordance with the Weimar Constitution, which abolished their German monarchy. Although according to Neubecker; the princes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha were excluded from the British royal family in 1893^{[citation needed]}, the labels chosen independently by them were not recognized in England.^{[55][page needed]} Following the successions to the British throne of two such (Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) princes; as king Edward VII, and king George V, the 1893 (Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) exclusions of the British branch were finally enacted in 1919, at the end of WWI, shortly prior to the Weimar exclusions.^{[citation needed]}

Saxe Coburg-Gotha exclusions from the British monarchy in 1893, and 1919.^{[citation needed]}

Descendants of Prince Consort, Albert of Saxe Coburg-Gotha who were excluded from the British Royal Family in 1919.
Image	Title	Saxe- Coburg Gotha[56]	LABEL [55][page needed] [57][page needed]															UK Arms	Notes
	Charles Edward of Albany (1884–1954)																		Charles used the arms of his father Prince Albert .
	Prince Arthur of Connaught (1883–1938)																		Third son of Prince Albert
	Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (1850–1942)																		Arms of Edward Duke of Kent & Strathearn (1767–1820), son of George III, the father of Queen Victoria
	Princess Helena of the United Kingdom (1846–1923) Later: Princess of Schleswig-Holstein.																		Arms of George III
	Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll (1848–1939)																		Arms of Mary Duchess of Gloucester & Edinburgh (1776–1857), daughter of George III
	Battenberg																		Arms of Sophia (1777–1848), daughter of George III
	Louise, Princess Royal (1867–1931) Later: Duchess of Fife																		Daughter of George V
	Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (1868–1935)																		Second daughter of Edward VII; the younger sister of George V.
	Maud of Wales (1869–1938) Later: Queen of Norway																		Youngest daughter of Edward VII; younger sister of George V.
	Queen of Romania																		Daughter of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
	Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (of Edinburgh) (1876–1936) Later: Grand-duchess of Hesse, later Grand-duchess of Russia																		Label currently used by Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy, daughter of Prince George, Duke of Kent
	Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (of Edinburgh) (1878–1942) Later: Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg																		Daughter of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
	Crown princess of Sweden																		Daughter of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
	Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (1883–1966)																		Daughter of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, the youngest son of Prince Albert
	Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (of Edinburgh) (1884–1966) Later: Duchess of Galliera																		Daughter of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
	Princess Patricia of Connaught (1886–1974) Later: Lady Ramsay																		Daughter of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
	Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood (1897–1965)																		Arms of Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange (1709–1759), (daughter of George II), the spouse of William IV, Prince of Orange,

In 1932, Charles Edward took part in the creation of the

.

Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Hohenlohe) joined the Nazi Party, in 1937, together with several of her children.^[59]

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Dukes, Princes and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 300354	Joined: 1 September 1930		Prince Rainer of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Saxe Coburg . Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Born 4 May 1900. Prince Rainer was son of Habsburg Empire , whose reigns ended, along with that of the Dukes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1918.
NSDAP – 1037966	Joined: 1 April 1932		Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Born 2 August 1906. Prince Johann Leopold was the eldest son of Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.
NSDAP – 2560843	Joined: 1 May 1933		Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Main article: Anglo-German relations and to explore the possibility of a pact between the two countries. his three sons served in the Wehrmacht .
NSDAP – 7213588	Joined: 1 October 1939		Prince Hubertus of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	German Army (Wehrmacht), and saw action in the Eastern Front during World War II. He was killed in action in 1943, in Ukraine .

Unknown ? Saxe-Coburg and Gotha nobility

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Unknown ? Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Dukes, Princes and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 196633	Joined: 15 May 1930		Prince Ernst of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Born 25 February 1907. Prince Ernst was the son of Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies . Prince Ernst married morganatically to Irmgard Röll. This marriage was childless. (d. 9 June 1978).
NSDAP – 1037967	Joined: 1 April 1932		Hereditary Princess Foedora of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Born 7 July 1905. Princess Feodora Freiin von der Horst (1905–1991),[citation needed] was Prince Johann Leopold's first wife.
NSDAP – 1560711	Joined: 1 March 1933		Princess Irmgard of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Main article: Nuremberg Trials .
NSDAP – 1453322	Joined: 7 March 1933		Prince Leopoldine of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Sax-Coburg and Gotha	Born 13 May 1905. Prince Leopoldine Gonzaga, was son of Prince August Leopold. (d. 24 December 1978).

Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen

(Abolished 10 November 1918)

Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

Bernhard assumed the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen after the death of his father in 1914. When Germany lost the war, all the German princes lost their titles and states. Bernhard was forced to abdicate as duke on 10 November 1918, and spent the rest of his life in his former country as a private citizen. His wife

Queen Augusta, and close to her brother Wilhelm II

.

German Revolution. In 1933 he joined the Nazi Party. Georg died in the Russian prisoner of war camp in Northern Russia. His heir was his second and only surviving son Prince Frederick Alfred who renounced the succession, being a monk in 1953, allowing it to pass to his uncle Bernhard

.

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Saxe-Meiningen Princes and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 898842	Joined: 1 March 1932		Bernhard, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen	Saxe-Coburg Meiningen	Born 30 June 1901. Prince Bernhard was the third son of Nazi conspiracy against Austria in 1933; he was sentenced to six weeks in prison. After intervention of the German envoy, he was released from prison and they escaped to Italy. Three weeks later he was arrested while trying to return to his castle of Pitzelstaetten[62][63] He died in 1984.
NSDAP – 2594794	Joined: 1 May 1933		Georg, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen	Saxe-Coburg Meiningen	Ernst in 1941, Georg succeeded to the headship of the house of Saxe-Meiningen and assumed the title of Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and style Georg III. Prince Georg died in the Russian prisoner of war camp near Cherepovets in Northern Russia , in 1946.

Unknown ? Saxe-Meiningen nobility

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Saxe-Meiningen Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 525333	Joined: 1 March 1931		Princess Clara of Saxe-Coburg Meiningen	Saxe-Coburg Meiningen	Born 31 May 1895
NSDAP – 898841	Joined: 1 March 1932		Princess B. Margot of Saxe-Coburg Meiningen	Saxe-Coburg Meiningen	Born 22 November 1911

Principality of Lippe

(Abolished 12 November 1918)

Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe

Prince Leopold IV, was forced to renounce the throne on 12 November 1918. Following the end of his rule Lippe became a Free state in the new Weimar Republic. All three of his sons by his first wife became members of the party. His eldest son Prince Ernst is reported to have been the first German prince to join the party when he signed up in May 1928.^[64] When Leopold died in Detmold his three eldest sons were all disinherited and his youngest son Armin, Prince of Lippe became head of the house.^{[citation needed]}

Prince Heinrich XXXII,^[65] who had once been close to succeeding Queen Wilhelmina to the Dutch throne. They divorced in 1921.^[65] Marie Adelheid married thirdly to Hanno Konopath, a Nazi government official in 1927.^[65] This marriage created some important contacts for her in the German regime.^[65]

Like the Hesse family, the Lippe dynasty joined the Nazi party in great numbers (ultimately eighteen members would eventually join).[66] Some German states provided a proportionally higher number of SS officers, including Hesse-Nassau and Lippe, Marie Adelheid's birthplace.^[66] Marie Adelheid developed strong connections with the Nazi regime, and became a leading socialite during that time.^[66] In 1921, Marie Adelheid became employed as an aide to the Nazi Minister of Food and Agriculture, Richard Walther Darré (a friend of her third husband's).^[67] Her cousin Ernst, Prince of Lippe (son of Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe) was also employed under Darré.^[66] Marie Adelheid devoted her writing talent to promoting Nazi ideals, in particular those of Darré.^[68] Darré's views suffered as new plans were produced by Himmler and Göring.^[69] As Darré's influence declined, so did that of Marie Adelheid and her cousin.

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Lippe Princes and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 88835	Joined: 1 May 1928		Ernst, Hereditary Prince of Lippe	Lippe	Born 12 June 1902. Ernst, Hereditary Prince of Lippe (1902–1987) married first (1924) Charlotte Ricken (1900–1974). He married secondly (1937) Herta-Elise Weiland (1911–1970). Prince Ernst was the first son of Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, all three of his sons by his first wife became members of the party. His eldest son the Hereditary Prince Ernst is reported to have been the first German prince to join the party when he signed up in May 1928.[64] In 1938 Prince Ernst worked with, and became second Adjutant to Nuremberg Trials .
NSDAP – 2583009	Joined: 1 March 1933		Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld	Lippe	Main article: Churchill , he was later given work in the Allied War Planning Councils.
NSDAP – 5854038	Joined: 1 May 1937		Prince Ernst-Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld	Lippe-Biesterfeld	Born 13 June 1914. Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld was the younger brother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. When Adolf Hitler came to power, Aschwin openly supported the Nazis and become a Wehrmacht officer. Prince Bernhard is said to have cut off communications with Nazi supporters, including his brother.

Unknown ? Lippe nobility

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Lippe Princes and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 292948	Joined: 1 March 1930		Prince Kurt of Lippe	Lippe	Born 5 March 1855. Prince Kurt (1855–1934) married (I) Sophie von Klengel (1857–1945) married (II) Johanna Krischke (1894–1987) 1. Marie Sophie (1886–1946) 2. Karl Christian (1889–1942)
NSDAP – 461527	Joined: 1 February 1931		Prince Karl Christian Joachim of Lippe	Lippe	Born 21 October 1889.
NSDAP – 479952	Joined: 1 March 1931		Prince Ludwig of Lippe	Lippe	Born 27 September 1909
NSDAP – 565619	Joined: 1 June 1931		Princess Sophie of Lippe	Lippe	Born 9 April 1857
NSDAP – 621441	Joined: 1 September 1931		Princess Johanna of Lippe	Lippe	Born 15 June 1894
NSDAP – 674238	Joined: 1 October 1931		Princess Hedwig-Maria of Lippe	Lippe	29 December 1903
NSDAP – 868756	Joined: 1 January 1932		Count Otto of Lippe	Lippe	Born 4 July 1904
NSDAP – 891529	Joined: 1 February 1932		Prince Leopold Barnard of Lippe	Lippe	Born 19 May 1904. Prince Leopold Bernhard (1904–1965), was the second son of Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe.
NSDAP – 1334759	Joined: 1 October 1932		Princess Elisabeth of Lippe	Lippe	Born 27 October 1900
v 5164799	Joined: 1 May 1937		Prince Christian of Lippe-Biesterfeld	Lippe-Biesterfeld
v 4533031	Joined: 1 May 1937		Prince Ferdinand of Lippe-Weissenfeld	Lippe-Weissenfeld	Born 16 July 1903. Prince Carl Franz Ferdinand of Lippe-Weissenfeld was the son of Clemens Prince of Lippe-Weissenfeld and Friederike Baronin von Carolowitz. He married Dorothea Princess von Schönburg-Waldenburg. He died on 26 September 1939 at age 36 at near Lublin, Poland, killed in action.
NSDAP – 6153171	Joined: 1 May 1938		Princess Franziska of Lippe	Lippe	Born 14 December 1902
NSDAP – 7218152	Joined: 1 October 1939		Prince Kurt-Bernhard of Lippe	Lippe-Biesterfeld	Born 4 July 1901
NSDAP – 4320380	Joined: withheld		Count Rolf of Lippe	Lippe	Born 4 January 1912.
NSDAP – 3723952	Joined: withheld		Prince Walther of Lippe	Lippe	Born 7 April 1878.

Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe

(Abolished 15 November 1918)

Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe

Adolph succeeded his father as Prince in 1911, until he was forced to abdicate on 15 November 1918. Following the German revolution: the Principality became the Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe. Adolf married

Schaumburg-Lippe by his brother Wolrad

.

Main article: Prince Friedrich Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe

Prince Adolph's brother

Emperor Wilhelm II, and even more unhappy over the "cowardly abdications" of the German princes in 1918.^{[72][full citation needed]} The prince wished for a restoration of the monarchy, he believed that Adolf Hitler was also in tandem with these views, writing in his diary, "Hitler was in principle for the monarchy, but not for the continuation of that which, in his opinion, had failed totally."^[72] The prince "liked to think the "National Socialists as true heirs of the old nobility."^{[73] [full citation needed}

]

The House of

Schaumburg-Lippe had ten members in the Nazi party.^[74] Hitler wanted these high-ranking members of society for propaganda reasons – the more who joined, the more socially acceptable his new regime would be.^[1] Like Friedrich and his brother Prince Wolrad, Hitler appointed many of these new members to the Sturmabteilung as stormtroopers.^[75] Hitler made various assurances to its members, leading them to believe he intended to restore the monarchy.^{[76][full citation needed}

] Friedrich Christian was a speaker for the Nazi Party in 1929, and worked vigorously to gain the support of other noble families behind Hitler.[72]^{[76][full citation needed]} He worked closely with Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels.^[77]> Goebbels gave him a position in the newly created Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda.^[78] By April 1933, Friedrich Christian was both an upper privy councillor and Goebbels' adjutant.^[78] That year, the prince arranged for the Minister's involvement in the Berlin University book burning.^[78] As evident from photographs and diaries during that time, Hitler and Goebbels both held Friedrich Christian in high esteem.^[72] As WWII continued with German military defeats, Hitler became more suspicious of royal and noble families, questioning their loyalties.^[79] By 1943, he secretly ordered all Nazi bureaucracies to compile a record of members, and then personally decided if they were to be "retired" or allowed to stay.^[80] Most of the princes were unwillingly booted out of the party as a result.^[81] Goebbels went to Hitler to protect Friedrich Christian, who obtained a special waiver, for the prince's "future deployment in the Propaganda Ministry".

In 1947, four German princes Friedrich Christian, Prince August Wilhelm of Prussia, Prince Philipp of Hesse, and Hereditary Prince Ernst of Lippe, were brought under arrest to the war crimes jail at Nuremberg in order to appear as witnesses in a portion of the 16 trials of high-ranking Nazi criminals.^[82] Viewed as an "old-line party member" who made propaganda excursions to many foreign countries on Goebbels' behalf, Friedrich Christian was the last of the four to testify.^[82]

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Schaumburg-Lippe Princes and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 95146	Joined: 1 August 1928		Prince Friedrich Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe	Schaumburg-Lippe	Main article: Prince Friedrich Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe Friedrich was an ardent Nazi Party supporter, who worked to gain royal support for them, becoming an upper privy councillor and adjutant to Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels. In 1939, Friedrich was asked to become king of Iceland by Icelanders sympathetic to the Nazi party, but refused due to the opposition of Joachim von Ribbentrop. SA-Standartenführer. (SA-Standard leader (regiment sized unit)).
NSDAP – 3681098	Joined: 1 August 1935		Wolrad, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe	Schaumburg-Lippe	Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe .
NSDAP – 3681097	Joined: 1 October 1935		Princess Bathildis of Schaumburg-Lippe	Schaumburg-Lippe	Princess Bathildis (1903–1983), married Wolrad, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe. Bathildis was the only daughter of Prince Albert of Schaumburg-Lippe and Duchess Elsa of Württemberg.

Unknown ? Schaumburg-Lippe nobility

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Unknown ? Schaumburg-Lippe nobility
NSDAP – 638702	Joined: 1 May 1938		Prince Albrecht of Schaumburg-Lippe	Schaumburg-Lippe
NSDAP – 3018293	Joined: 1 May 1933		Prince Max of Schaumburg-Lippe	Schaumburg-Lippe	Prince Max of Schaumburg-Lippe (28 March 1898 – 4 February 1974), married in 1933 to Princess Helga-Lee of Schaumburg-Lippe, no issue;
NSDAP – 7965863	Joined: 1 May 1938		Prince Walburgis of Schaumburg-Lippe	Schaumburg-Lippe	Prince Walbergis joined on the same day as Prince Franz Joseph.
NSDAP – 6189085	Joined: 1 May 1938		Franz Joseph Adolph Ernst of Schaumburg-Lippe	Schaumburg-Lippe	Prince Franz Josef of Schaumburg-Lippe (1 September 1899 – 7 July 1963), married in 1959 to Maria Theresia Peschel. His mother Duchess Elsa of Württemberg; (1876–1936) was a daughter of Grand Duchess Vera Constantinovna of Russia . She married Prince Albert of Schaumburg-Lippe (1869–1942). Here four children were Prince Franz Josef, Prince Max, Prince Alexander and Princess Bathildis.
NSDAP –144005	Joined: 16 August 1929		Princess Alexandra of Schaumburg-Lippe	Schaumburg-Lippe	D.o.b. withheld
NSDAP – 309345	Joined: 1 October 1930		Princess Ingerborg-Alice of Schaumburg-Lippe	Schaumburg-Lippe	D.o.b. withheld

Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont

(Abolished 13 November 1918)

Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (Friedrich Adolf Hermann Prinz zu Waldeck und Pyrmont; 20 January 1865 – 26 May 1946) was the last reigning Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont from 12 May 1893 to 13 November 1918.

Waldeck and Pyrmont. At the end of WWI, his family lost their Principality as Waldeck and Pyrmont became a Free State in the new Weimar Republic

.

On 1 November 1929, Josias joined

Queen Regent of the Netherlands. He was also a cousin of Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands, and Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

.

Prince Josias's and his wife, Duchess Altburg of Oldenburg were the parents of Wittekind, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont. Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler were his godfathers.^{[38][page needed]} Wittekind, who served in the German Armed Forces as a Lieutenant Colonel, succeeded as head of the House of Waldeck and Pyrmont when his father died on 30 November 1967.^[85]

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Waldeck-Pyrmont Princes and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 160025	Joined: 1 November 1929		Josias, Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont	Waldeck and Pyrmont	Main article: Minister President of Hesse in 1953.[66]
NSDAP – 161001	Joined: 1 November 1929		Duchess Altburg of Oldenburg	Waldeck and Pyrmont	Born 19 May 1903. Duchess Altburg married Prince Josias, who was the eldest son of Prince Friedrich and Princess Bathildis. Duchess Altburg was a daughter of Grand Duke Frederick Augustus II by his second wife Duchess Elisabeth Alexandrine. Like her own parents, Josias' parents had lost their titles in 1918. Prince Josias and Duchess Altberg joined NSDAP on the same day in 1929. They were amongst the earliest (4th and 5th royals) as Nazi Party members, from the abolished Kaiserreich princedoms of 1918.
NSDAP – 8562493	Joined: 1 September 1941		Princess Margarethe of Waldeck and Pyrmont	Waldeck and Pyrmont	Born 22 May 1923. Princess Margarethe was the eldest daughter of Prince Josias and Princess Altberg. Princess Margarethe of Waldeck and Pyrmont married Count Franz August zu Erbach-Erbach (b. 1925).

Principality of Reuss-Gera (Younger Line)

(Abolished 11 November 1918)

Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line^{[citation needed]}

At the death of his father on 29 March 1913, Heinrich inherited the throne of the Principality, as well he continued the regency of

German Revolution of 1918–19

, when all German monarchies were abolished. After the death of Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss Elder Line in 1927, the titles passed to Heinrich XXVII.

Heinrich XLV, Hereditary Prince Reuss Younger Line

Heinrich XLV was the head of the

Younger Line. Heinrich XLV was the only surviving son of Heinrich XXVII. During the 1930s Heinrich XLV became a Nazi sympathizer and member of the Nazi Party.^[90] In 1945 he was arrested by the Soviet military and disappeared. In 1962, he was declared dead by a court in Büdingen

.

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Reuss Princes and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 237533	1 May 1930		Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe-Biesterfeld	Reuss	Main article: Nazi regime, and became a leading socialite during that time.<[86]
NSDAP – 2199219	Joined: 1 May 1933		Heinrich XLV, Hereditary Prince Reuss Younger Line	Reuss	Elder Lines merged in 1927. In 1935 he adopted Prince Heinrich I Reuss of Köstritz (1910–1982), who married his niece Duchess Woizlawa Feodora of Mecklenburg. In August 1945 he was arrested by the Soviet military and disappeared. In 1962 he was declared dead by a court in Büdingen. His entire fortune was confiscated in 1948 by the Soviet Military Administration , including three Castles in Gera. Heinrich XLV remained unmarried and childless.
NSDAP – 3603963	Joined: 1 May 1935		Prince Heinrich XXXIII Reuss of Köstritz	Reuss-Köstritz	Born 1 August 1887. Prince Heinrich XXXIII Reuss was the son of the Prince Heinrich VII Reuss of Köstritz and Princess Marie Alexandrine of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. Through his mother, Prince Heinrich XXXIII was heir to the throne of the Kingdom of the Netherlands until the birth of the Crown Princess Juliana, daughter of Queen Wilhelmina.

Unknown ? Reuss nobility

NSDAP	Nazi Party	Military Rank	Title and Name	Royal House	Unknown ? Reuss Princes and Princesses in the Nazi Party
NSDAP – 912977	Joined: 1 February 1932		Prince Heinrich of Reuss	Reuss	Born 28 March 1890. Heinrich Harry, Prince of Reuss, Graf von Plauen, was the son of Heinrich XXVI, Prince of Reuss (b. 15 December 1857) and Viktoria, Gräfin von Fürstenstein (b. 11 September 1863). He was husband of Huberta Valeska Sascha Eva Anna Dorothea, Freiin von Tiele-Winckler. Prince Heinrich joined the Nazi Party at the same time as Princess Huberta.
NSDAP – 912978	Joined: 1 February 1932		Princess Huberta of Reuss	Reuss	Born 14 April 1889. Princess Edina-Huberta of Reuss, was the daughter of Heinrich Harry, Prince Reuss, Graf von Plauen (b. 28 March 1890) and Huberta Valeska Sascha Eva Anna Dorothea, Baroness von Tiele-Winckler (b. 14 April 1889)
NSDAP – 1190474	Joined: 1 May 1932		Prince Heinrich XXXVI	Reuss (Köstritz)	Born 10 August 1888. Heinrich XXXVI Prince Reuß zu Köstritz, was born in Stonsdorf, and died in Oberstdorf 10 May 1956.
NSDAP – 3018157	Joined: 1 May 1933		Prince Heinrich XXXV	Reuss	Born 10 August 1888. Brother of Heinrich XXXIII, and XXXII. Heinrich XXXV (1887–1936) married firstly in 1911 (divorced 1921) Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg (1888–1947), married secondly in 1921 (divorced 1923) Princess Marie Adelaide of Lippe (1895–1993)
NSDAP – 4418345	Joined: 1 May 1937		Prince Heinrich XXVII	Reuss	Born 13 December 1897
NSDAP – 7089148	Joined: 1 September 1939		Prince Heinrich of Reuss	Reuss	Born 26 May 1921. Prince Heinrich V Reuss of Köstritz (d. 28 October 1980) was the son of Marie Adelheid and Heinrich XXXV Prinz Reuss zu Köstritz, her first husband's younger brother.

See also

• List of German monarchs in 1918
• Abdication of Wilhelm II
• List of Nazi Party leaders and officials
• Glossary of Nazi Germany

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Petropoulos 2006, pp. 5–6.
2. ^ Article 109 of the Weimar Constitution constitutes: Adelsbezeichnungen gelten nur als Teil des Namens und dürfen nicht mehr verliehen werden ("Noble names are only recognised as part of the surname and may no longer be granted").
3. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 380.
4. ^ Showalter, D. E., Tannenberg: Clash of Empires. Hamden: Archon, 1991. p. 177
5. ^ Hart, Albert Bushnell (1919). The American Year Book: A Record of Events and Progress. p. 153.
6. ^ Manvell 2011, pp. 28–29.
7. ^ Manvell 2011, p. 39.
8. ^ Manvell 2011, p. 92.
9. ^ Evans 2005, p. 54.
10. ^ Baron Clemens von Radowitz-Nei (3 July 1922). "Monarchy Will Return, But Not I, Says Ex-Kaiser; Ebert Capable, but Republic Is Only a Temporary Affair, Former Ruler Holds. Sees Nation Again a Power. Hopes for an Economic Union in Central Europe, but Disapproves Austrian Alliance. Assails the Soviet Treaty. Talks on Many Current Issues With Baron Clemens von Radowitz-Nei, One of a Group Of Callers at Doorn". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
11. ISBN 3-910068-16-2
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12. ^ ^{a b} "Wilhelm Prinz von Preussen (in German)" (in German). Preussen.de. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
13. ^ McNab 2009, p. 15.
14. ^ Nesbit & van Acker 2011, p. 15.
15. ^ Evans 2003, p. 177.
16. ^ ^{a b c d e f} "Family of Ex-Kaiser Sends Many to Front". The New York Times. 26 November 1939.
17. ^ ^{a b} Associated Press (26 November 1939). "Kaiser's Kin Serve Hitler In Nazi Army". The Washington Post.
18. ISBN 9780312305574
    .
19. ^ ^{a b c d} "Prince Chosen by Hitler as Reich Regent" (PDF). Tonawanda Evening News. 2 January 1934.
20. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 243.
21. ^ ^{a b} "Prince's Wireless Plant". The New York Times. 7 April 1914.
22. ^ "Kaiser's Grandson is Killed in Action". The New York Times. 17 September 1939.
23. ^ See, e.g., Toland, John (1976). Adolf Hitler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 57–58.
    ISBN 0-385-03724-4
    . ("Toland") and Large, David C. (1997). Where Ghosts Walked: Munich's Road to the Third Reich. New York: Doubleday & Company. pp. 48–49.
    ISBN 0-393-03836-X
    . ("Large").
24. ISBN 0-393-04671-0
    . ("Kershaw").
25. ^ Anifer Erklärung, 12./13. November 1918 (in German) Historisches Lexikon Bayerns, accessed: 10 May 2008
26. ISBN 3-88309-133-2
    .
27. ^ ^{a b} "Milestones, Feb. 29, 1932". Time. 29 February 1932. Archived from the original on October 27, 2010. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
28. ^ Diocese of Dresden-Meissen Archived 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine(in German) retrieved on 9 November 2008
29. ISBN 978-0-521-39114-6
    .
30. ISBN 0-312-28923-5
    .
31. ^ Abdication text (in German)
32. ^ Princess indicted for helping the Nazis. The New York Times. March 3, 1948
33. ^ "Biografie Prinz Max von Baden (German)". Deutsches Historisches Museum. Archived from the original on 2014-07-02. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
34. ^ "Biografie Prinz Max von Baden (German)". Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
35. ^ Prince Philip quoted in Brandreth, p. 72
36. ^ Almanach de Gotha. Gotha, Germany: Justus Perthes. 1944. pp. 61–62.
37. ^ ^{a b c d} Almanach de Gotha. Justus Perthes. 1942. p. 62.
38. ^ ^{a b c d} Petropoulos 2006.
39. ^ ^{a b} "Four high Nazis dead, Berlin says". The Milwaukee Journal. 31 July 1942. p. 1. Retrieved 21 June 2013.^{[permanent dead link]}
40. ^ Petropoulos 2006, pp. 250, 381, 382.
41. ^ "Two More Rulers Give up Throne; Republics Proclaimed in Wurttemburg and Hesse—Ducal Lands Seized" (PDF). The New York Times. 14 November 1918. p. 1. Retrieved 8 December 2008. Hesse mentioned toward the middle of the article
42. ^ "Ex-ruler of Hesse Dead in Germany; Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig Was Ousted in 1918 After Reign Praised for Its Wisdom". The New York Times. 10 October 1937. p. 29. Retrieved 8 December 2008. Paid subscription required to read the full article.
43. ^ House laws of Mecklenburg
44. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Petropoulos 2006, p. 99.
45. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 72.
46. ^ ^{a b} "Duchess Elisabeth". The New York Times. 5 September 1955.
47. ^
    ISBN 9780230270299
    .
48. ^ MacNeil, Swift (18 November 1914). "ALIEN PEERS". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). His Majesty's Stationery Office. pp. HC Deb 18 November 1914 vol 68 cc437-8W. Retrieved 28 November 2011. Mr. Swift MacNeill asked the Prime Minister (1) whether he is aware that the Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, in the peerage of Great Britain, and Earl of Armagh, in the peerage of Ireland, and a prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, is in command of troops in the German Army, engaged in active hostilities against the Sovereign and people of the British Empire; whether he is aware that the first Duke of Cumberland, the paternal grandfather of the present duke, after his accession to the throne of Hanover, took the oath of allegiance in England, and sat in the House of Lords as a peer of Great Britain by hereditary right; whether the present Duke of Cumberland, who was born a British subject, has since divested himself of his British nationality and, if so, how and when; and whether, having regard to the fact that the present Duke of Cumberland is in arms with the enemies of the British Empire against the Sovereign of that Empire, and guilty of high treason, any and, if so, what steps will be taken to secure that he shall no longer retain British and Irish titles or peerages and a seat in the House of Lords; and (2) whether he is aware that the Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence, and Baron Arklow, in the peerage of the United Kingdom, prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, is in command of troops in the German Army, engaged in active hostilities against the Sovereign and people of the British Empire; whether he is aware that the Duke of Albany was born in England, a subject of the British Crown, and succeeded, at his birth as a posthumous child, to these United Kingdom titles or peerages held by his father, who swore allegiance and sat as a peer of the United Kingdom in the House of Lords by hereditary right; whether the Duke of Albany has ever divested himself of his British nationality and, if so, how or when; and whether, having regard to the fact that the Duke of Albany is in arms with the enemies of the British Empire against the Sovereign of this Empire, and guilty of high treason, any and, if so, what steps will be taken to secure that he shall no longer retain United Kingdom peerages and titles and a seat in the House of Lords?
49. ^ Bottomley asked the Prime Minister whether it is proposed to abolish the peerages of which the Dukes of Albany and Cumberland have recently been deprived; and, if not, whether the heirs of such dukes will ultimately become eligible for the assumption of the titles?
50. ^ Under settled practice dating to 1714, as a male-line descendant of George III, Prince Ernst August III of Hanover also held the title of Prince of Great Britain and Ireland with the style of Highness. In the Court Circular printed in The Times and in the London Gazette, he was frequently styled Prince Ernest Augustus of Cumberland.
51. ^ Ernst Klee: Das Kulturlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, S.505.
52. ^ "No. 31255". The London Gazette. 28 March 1919.
53. ISBN 0-316-64141-3
    . (A Little Brown Book. 1st published 1977. Reprinted 1988/89) Edition 1997: Heraldry. Sources, Symbols and Meaning: (pg 96). By Ottfried Neubecker, Director of the German General Rolls of Arms, on the Board of the International Academy of Heraldry. (With contributions by J.P. Brooke-Little. College of Arms. London.)
54. ^ (Philip Thomas, Burke's Peerage 1963).
55. ^ ^{a b} Neubecker
56. Prince Albert's British royal descendants, bore an inescutcheon for Saxony. Heraldica – British Royalty Cadency
57. ^ Velde
58. Frankfurt am Main
    : S. Fischer, 2007), p. 261.
59. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 382.
60. ^ Manchester, William. The Arms of Krupp. Boston: Little, Brown, & Company, 1968.
61. ^ "Kaiser's Nephew a Petty Judge". The New York Times. 1922-10-29. p. 103.
62. ^ To, Wireless (11 December 1933). "Nazi Prince and Princess Flee Austria, Abusing Freedom German Envoy Obtained". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
63. ^ "Austrians Retake Pringe Who Fled; Bernhard of Saxe-Meiningen, Nazi, Is Captured Trying to Re-enter His Castle". The New York Times. 1 January 1934. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
64. ^ ^{a b} Petropoulos 2006, p. 98.
65. ^ ^{a b c d} Gossman, p. 65.
66. ^ ^{a b c d e} Petropoulos 2006, p. 266.
67. ^ Gossman, pp. 1–2 and 65.
68. ^ Gossman, p. 2.
69. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 267.
70. ^ Waterfield, Bruno (5 March 2010). "Dutch Prince Bernhard 'was member of Nazi party'". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
71. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 58.
72. ^ ^{a b c d} Gossman, Lionel (2009). Brownshirt Princess: A Study of the "Nazi Conscience". Cambridge: OpenBook Publishers. p. 68. adelheid.
73. ^ Gossman, p. 69.
74. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 100.
75. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 111.
76. ^
    ISBN 9780393315547
    .
77. ^ Petropoulos 2006, pp. 44, 99.
78. ^ ^{a b c} Petropoulos 2006, p. 137.
79. ^ Petropoulos 2006, pp. 6–7.
80. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 284.
81. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 7.
82. ^ ^{a b} "German Princes To Testify". The Irish Times. 12 July 1947.
83. ^
    ISBN 0-415-26038-8
    .
84. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 262
85. ^ Petropoulos 2006, pp. 265, 266.
86. ^ ^{a b c d} Petropoulos 2006, p. 262.
87. ^ "Nazi Prince sent to subdue French". The New York Times. 25 April 1942. p. 3.
88. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. ^{[page needed]}.
89. ^ Stein 2004, p. 255
90. ISBN 978-1-906924-07-2
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