Fourth dimension in art
New possibilities opened up by the concept of
Early influence
French
Princet introduced Picasso to
Early cubist Max Weber wrote an article entitled "In The Fourth Dimension from a Plastic Point of View", for Alfred Stieglitz's July 1910 issue of Camera Work. In the piece, Weber states,[7] "In plastic art, I believe, there is a fourth dimension which may be described as the consciousness of a great and overwhelming sense of space-magnitude in all directions at one time, and is brought into existence through the three known measurements."
Another influence on the School of Paris was that of Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes, both painters and theoreticians. The first major treatise written on the subject of Cubism was their 1912 collaboration Du "Cubisme", which says that:[8]
"If we wished to relate the space of the [Cubist] painters to geometry, we should have to refer it to the non-Euclidian mathematicians; we should have to study, at some length, certain of Riemann's theorems."
The American modernist painter and photographer Morton Livingston Schamberg wrote in 1910 two letters to Walter Pach,[9][10] parts of which were published in a review of the 1913 Armory Show for The Philadelphia Inquirer,[11] about the influence of the fourth dimension on avant-garde painting; describing how the artists' employed "harmonic use of forms" distinguishing between the "representation or rendering of space and the designing in space":[12][13]
If we still further add to design in the third dimension, a consideration of weight, pressure, resistance, movement, as distinguished from motion, we arrive at what may legitimately be called design in the fourth dimension, or the harmonic use of what may arbitrarily be called volume. It is only at this point that we can appreciate the masterly productions of such a man as Cézanne.
Cézanne's explorations of geometric simplification and optical phenomena inspired the Cubists to experiment with simultaneity, complex multiple views of the same subject, as observed from differing viewpoints at the same time.[14]
Dimensionist manifesto
In 1936 in Paris, Charles Tamkó Sirató published his Manifeste Dimensioniste,[15] which described how the Dimensionist tendency has led to:
- Literature leaving the line and entering the plane.
- Painting leaving the plane and entering space.
- Sculpture stepping out of closed, immobile forms.
- The artistic conquest of four-dimensional space, which to date has been completely art-free.
The manifesto was signed by many prominent modern artists worldwide.
Crucifixion (Corpus Hypercubus)
In 1953, the
Abstract art
Some of Piet Mondrian's abstractions and his practice of Neoplasticism are said to be rooted in his view of a utopian universe, with perpendiculars visually extending into another dimension.[20]
Other forms of art
The fourth dimension has been the subject of numerous fictional stories.[21]
See also
- List of four-dimensional games
- De Stijl
- Five-dimensional space
- Four-dimensional space
- Duration (philosophy)
- Philosophy of space and time
- Octacube
References
- ^ Henderson, Linda Dalrymple. "Overview of The Fourth Dimension And Non-Euclidean Geometry In Modern Art, Revised Edition". MIT Press. Archived from the original on 20 March 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
- ISBN 978-2-84068-191-5.
- ISBN 0-465-01859-9.
- OCLC 1445172. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
- ISBN 978-0-300-11039-5.
- ISBN 978-0-300-11039-5.
- ^ Weber, Max (1910). "In The Fourth Dimension from a Plastic Point of View". Camera Work. 31 (July 1910).
- ^ Gleizes, Albert; Metzinger, Jean (1913). Du Cubisme [translated from French]. London: T.F. Unwin.
- ^ Letter from Schamberg in Philadelphia to Walter Pach in Paris, 29 December 1910, Pach Papers, Reel: 4216, fr. 856
- ^ Letter from Schamberg in Philadelphia to Pach in Paris, 29 December 1910, fr. 857
- ^ Morton Livingston Schamberg, "Post-Impression Exhibit Awaited", The Philadelphia Inquirer, 19 January 1913, col. 2, p. 3
- ISBN 9780195162578
- ^ Jill Anderson Kyle, Cézanne and American Painting 1900 to 1920, The University of Texas at Austin, 1995
- ^ Christopher Green, Cubism, Meanings and interpretations, MoMA, Grove Art Online, Oxford University Press, 2009
- ^ a b Sirató, Charles Tamkó (1936). "Dimensionist Manifesto" (PDF). Paris. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
- ISBN 1-55521-342-1.
- ^ "Salvador Dalí (1904–1989)". SpanishArts. 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
- ^ "Crucifixion ('Corpus Hypercubus'), 1954". Dalí gallery website. Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
- ^ "Crucifixion (Corpus Hypercubus)". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
- ISSN 1646-4729.
- ^ Clair, Bryan (16 September 2002). "Spirits, Art, and the Fourth Dimension". Strange Horizons. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
Sources
- Clair, Bryan (16 September 2002). "Spirits, Art, and the Fourth Dimension". Strange Horizons. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
- ISBN 1-55521-342-1.
- Décimo, Marc (2007). Maurice Princet, Le Mathématicien du Cubisme (in French). Paris: Éditions L'Echoppe. ISBN 978-2-84068-191-5.
- Gleizes, Albert; Metzinger, Jean (1912). Du "Cubisme" (Edition Figuière). Paris.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Henderson, Linda Dalrymple. "Overview of The Fourth Dimension And Non-Euclidean Geometry In Modern Art, Revised Edition". MIT Press. Archived from the original on 20 March 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
- Jouffret, Esprit (1903). Traité élémentaire de géométrie à quatre dimensions et introduction à la géométrie à n dimensions (in French). Paris: Gauthier-Villars. OCLC 1445172. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
- Kruger, Runette (Summer 2007). "Art in the Fourth Dimension: Giving Form to Form – The Abstract Paintings of Piet Mondrian" (PDF). Spaces of Utopia (5). Spaces of Utopia: An Electronic Journal: 23–35. ISSN 1646-4729. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
- Miller, Arthur I. (2001). Einstein, Picasso: space, time, and beauty that causes havoc (Print). New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-01859-9.
- Oja, Carol J. (2000). Making Music Modern: New York in the 1920s. ISBN 9780195162578
- Robbin, Tony (2006). Shadows of Reality: The Fourth Dimension in Relativity, Cubism, and Modern Thought (Print). New Haven: ISBN 978-0-300-11039-5.
- Sirató, Charles Tamkó (1936). "Dimensionist Manifesto" (PDF). Paris. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
- Weber, Max (1910). "In The Fourth Dimension from a Plastic Point of View". Camera Work. 31 (July 1910).
Further reading
- ISBN 978-0-262-58244-5.
- ISBN 978-0-691-12386-8.
- Volkert K. (2018) Wanderings of Knowledge – the fourth dimension in art, literature and philosophy. In: In higher rooms. Mathematics in context. Springer Spectrum, Berlin, Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-662-54794-6
- ISBN 0-486-23916-0, LC 79-54399
- Hinton, Charles H., The fourth dimension, London, S. Sonnenschein & Co., 1906, archive.org