Francisco Craveiro Lopes

Francisco Craveiro Lopes Member of the National Assembly
In office 26 November 1945 – 18 June 1951
Constituency	Coimbra
Personal details
Born	Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes (1894-04-12)12 April 1894 Order of the Tower and Sword Order of the Bath Royal Victorian Chain
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	Portugal
Branch/service	Portuguese Air Force
Years of service	1911–1964
Rank	Marshal of the air force
Commands	Tancos Air Base (1939) Portuguese Legion (1944) Air Base No. 4, on Terceira Island (1947) 3rd Military Region, in Tomar (1951)
Battles/wars	First World War

Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes

He concluded his Colégio Militar studies by 1911, having then entered the Escola Politécnica de Lisboa, in the same year he joined a cavalry regiment. He succeeded his father as the 123rd General Governor of Portuguese India (1936–1938).^[1]

Lopez served as the commander of the Portuguese volunteer forces during the Spanish Civil War. ^[2]

Presidency

Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar chose Craveiro Lopes as the regime's presidential candidate in 1951 to succeed the late Óscar Carmona. Initially, he was to run in what would have been only the second contested election of the Estado Novo, when naval officer Manuel Quintão Meireles filed to run against him. However, Quintão Meireles withdrew before election day, and Craveiro Lopes was elected unopposed.

Under the Constitution, the president was vested with near-dictatorial powers. In practice, Carmona had mostly turned over the government to Salazar. However, Craveiro Lopes was not willing to give Salazar the free hand that Carmona had given him. Despite this, he did not go as far as to dismiss Salazar; for all intents and purposes, the president's power to sack the prime minister was the only check on Salazar's power.

Nevertheless, Salazar picked the seemingly more pliant naval minister,

• List of international presidential trips made by Francisco Craveiro Lopes

National honours

•  Portugal:
• Sash of the Three Orders
• Grand Cross of the Military Order of Aviz
• Grand Officer of the Military Order of Aviz
• Officer of the Military Order of Aviz
• Commander of the
  Order of Christ
• Knight of the
  Order of the Tower and Sword
• Grand Collar of the
  Order of the Tower and Sword
• Victory Medal
• Exemplary Behavior Medal
• Medal of Military Merit
• Military Medal of the War Cross (1^st Class) (MPCG) ^[a] (Portugal)

Foreign honours

•  Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold
•  Brazil:
  • Grand Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross (27 March 1952)
  • Grand Cross of the Order of Military Merit (16 March 1956)
  • Grand Cross of the Order of Naval Merit (13 August 1955)
  • Grand Cross of the Order of Aeronautical Merit (16 March 1956)
•  Dominican Republic: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella (20 November 1957)
•  France: Grand Cross of the National Order of Legion of Honour (8 August 1953)
• Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer (1 March 1955)
•  
  Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem
  (11 August 1953)
•  Lebanon: Grand Cross of the National Order of the Cedar (17 April 1956)
•  Sovereign Military Order of Malta:
  • Grand Cross of the Order pro Merito Melitensi (9 March 1954)
  • Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
•  Spain:
  • Grand Collar of the Imperial Order of the Yoke and Arrows (30 December 1953)
  • Grand Cross of the Order of Cisneros (14 June 1950)
•  United Kingdom:
  • Honorary Knight Grand Cross (Military Division) of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (20 April 1956)
  • Recipient of the Royal Victorian Order
•  Venezuela: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Liberator

Family

He married Berta Ribeiro Artur (Lisbon, Pena, 15 October 1899 – Lisbon, Santa Maria de Belém, 5 July 1958), natural daughter of Engineer Sezinando Ribeiro Artur (Lisbon, 1875 – Lourenço Marques, 1918) by Maria Clara Pereira, by whom he had four children.

Notes

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes.

• Craveiro Lopes. presidencia.pt

Political offices
Preceded by Óscar Carmona	President of Portugal 1951–1958	Succeeded by Américo Tomás