Jan Peter Balkenende
Jan Peter Balkenende | |
---|---|
Prime Minister of the Netherlands | |
In office 22 July 2002 – 14 October 2010 | |
Monarch | Beatrix |
Deputy | See list
|
Preceded by | Wim Kok |
Succeeded by | Mark Rutte |
Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal | |
In office 1 October 2001 – 9 June 2010 | |
Preceded by | Jaap de Hoop Scheffer |
Succeeded by | Maxime Verhagen |
Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal in the House of Representatives | |
In office 30 November 2006 – 9 February 2007 | |
Preceded by | Maxime Verhagen |
Succeeded by | Maxime Verhagen |
In office 30 January 2003 – 21 May 2003 | |
Preceded by | Maxime Verhagen |
Succeeded by | Maxime Verhagen |
In office 1 October 2001 – 11 July 2002 | |
Preceded by | Jaap de Hoop Scheffer |
Succeeded by | Maxime Verhagen |
Member of the House of Representatives | |
In office 30 November 2006 – 22 February 2007 | |
In office 30 January 2003 – 27 May 2003 | |
In office 19 May 1998 – 22 July 2002 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Jan Pieter Balkenende Jr. 7 May 1956 Biezelinge, Netherlands |
Political party | Christian Democratic Appeal (1980–present) |
Spouse |
Bianca Hoogendijk (m. 1996) |
Children | 1 |
Education | Free University Amsterdam (LLB, BA, LLM, MA, PhD) |
Signature | |
Jan Pieter "Jan Peter" Balkenende Jr. (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjɑn ˈpeːtər ˈbɑlkənˌɛndə] ⓘ, [-ˈbɑlkəˌʔɛndə]; born 7 May 1956) is a Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and jurist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 22 July 2002 to 14 October 2010.
Balkenende studied History and Law at the
The cabinet Balkenende I fell just 87 days into its term. For the
Balkenende retired from active politics at 54 and became active in the private sector as a corporate director and also works as a professor of Governance, Institutions and Internationalization at the
Early life
Jan Pieter Balkenende Jr. was born on 7 May 1956 in Biezelinge in the province of Zeeland in a family belonging to the Reformed faith, the son of Jan Pieter Balkenende Sr. a cereal grains merchant and Thona Johanna Sandee, a teacher.
During his childhood, Balkenende was an active supporter of the Dutch football team PSV Eindhoven, along with his father he frequented many matches. He also regularly visited the local music school and theatre. Balkenende went to a Reformed Protestant primary school in Kapelle. He attended secondary school at the "Christian Lyceum for Zeeland" in Goes, graduating in 1974.[4][not specific enough to verify]
He studied at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam where he received an MA degree in history in 1980, subsequently an LLM degree in Dutch law in 1982, and finally a PhD in law in 1992.[4]
Balkenende resides with his wife, Bianca Hoogendijk, and his daughter, Amelie, in Capelle aan den IJssel. During his tenure as Prime Minister, he did not use the Catshuis, the formal residency of the Prime Minister.
Early political career
He began his career on the staff of the research institute of the CDA and as a city councilman in Amstelveen. As a councilman, he proposed the Krokettenmotie which gave council members the right to a croquette if the council went past 23:00 and it was passed. In 1992, he received his PhD with a thesis on "Governance regulation and social organisations" (Overheidsregelgeving en maatschappelijke organisaties), which was strongly inspired by the
Balkenende first entered the
He was elected Chairman of the CDA parliamentary fraction on 1 October 2001, succeeding
Prime Minister of the Netherlands
First cabinet
On 4 July 2002, Queen Beatrix asked Balkenende to form a new government after the general elections following the resignation of Prime Minister Wim Kok. The coalition cabinet included the Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) party, whose leader (Pim Fortuyn) was assassinated just days before the election. It collapsed after just 87 days in office because of internal conflicts within the LPF that destabilised the government.
Second cabinet
After early elections in 2003, Balkenende formed his second government with the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), the liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the progressive liberal D66. Once again leader of a centre-right coalition, Balkenende's policies centred on reform of the Dutch public services, social security, pre-pension facilities, public health, reducing crime, a tough immigration policy and historically large cuts in public spending. The measures gave rise to large public anger and bad results in opinion polls for his CDA party. While his party remained the largest Dutch delegation in the European Parliament after the European elections, beating the general expectation of a huge loss in parliamentary seats, the party suffered strong losses during Dutch municipal elections of 2006, losing their position as the largest party in many municipalities. Despite his unpopularity among Dutch voters (polls in 2006 showed that only 26–33% of the voters had confidence in him as prime minister), his position as leader of the CDA remained stable. In the beginning of 2006, some CDA members tried to replace Balkenende as leader with Agriculture Minister Cees Veerman. Veerman did not accept the proposition and offered his support to Balkenende. Balkenende's popularity recovered since then, surpassing that of his main competitor Wouter Bos in the autumn of 2006. By then, 53% preferred Balkenende as Prime Minister of the Netherlands while 40% preferred Bos.[6] The switch in public opinion is sometimes explained by the steady recovery of the Dutch economy during the last year of his administration and the positive effects of the reformed policy of the Balkenende cabinet, combined with declining confidence in Bos as a good alternative for the position of Prime Minister.
On 1 July 2004, Balkenende took up the rotating presidency of the European Union.
Third cabinet
On 30 June 2006, the Democrats 66, the smallest coalition party, withdrew its support of the government over the way Immigration Minister Rita Verdonk had handled the crisis around the naturalisation of Ayaan Hirsi Ali, a member of the House of Representatives. Balkenende resigned for the second time as Prime Minister of the Netherlands, announced early elections and presented his third government a week later. This rump cabinet, formed of a minority coalition of CDA and VVD, stayed in office until the elections of 22 November 2006.
Fourth cabinet
Though his old coalition partners VVD and D66 fared badly in the parliamentary elections of 2006, Balkenende managed to defend the dominant position of his CDA. Needing alternative coalition partners to form a new majority government, he formed a social-Christian coalition with the Labour Party (PvdA) and the orthodox-Protestant Christian Union. The Fourth Balkenende cabinet was formed after Balkenende was appointed formateur by Queen Beatrix on 9 February 2007.[7] His cabinet was announced on 13 February and was scheduled to be in office until 2011, but it fell in the early morning of 20 February 2010 as the result of disagreement between the majority of the parliament and the coalition partners CDA and PvdA over the extension of the Dutch ISAF-mission in Afghanistan.[8] In contrast to the formation of a new caretaker cabinet with full responsibility (Balkenende III after the fall of Balkenende II), Balkenende IV continued as a demissionary cabinet, a caretaker cabinet with limited responsibility. Balkenende government opposed Ukraine and Georgia becoming NATO action plan members at 2008 Bucharest summit.[9] "Ukraine is seen by Russia as part of its own historic and cultural domain," Dutch politician stated.[9]
2010 election and resignation
Despite serious criticism by former prime ministers from the CDA, Balkenende was the
On 9 June 2010, Balkenende resigned his position as leader of the CDA as well as his seat in the newly elected parliament, taking political responsibility for the CDA's disappointing election results in the 2010 general election.[13]
Other issues
In 2004, during his second cabinet, Balkenende was diagnosed with necrotising fasciitis. He was treated through surgical debridement and made a full recovery after several weeks in hospital.
On 4 June 2005, the
Balkenende has a close relationship with the Dutch people from
Balkenende's nicknames were "JP" and "Harry Potter", among others.[15]
He was a member of the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands and since 1 May 2004, a member of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands.
Honours and decorations
National honours
- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau (23 November 2010)
Foreign honours
- Belgium: Commander of the Order of Leopold[16]
- Brazil: Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross
- Chile: Grand Cross of the Order of Bernardo O'Higgins
- Germany: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
- Ghana: Companion of the Order of the Star of Ghana
- House of Habsburg: Honorary Knight of the Order of St. George
- Jordan: Grand Cordon of the Order of Independence
- Luxembourg: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- Poland: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland[17]
- Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania
- Sweden: Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star
Awards
- Golden Honorary Medal, of the municipality Amstelveen (Netherlands, 30 May 1998)
Honorary degrees
- Honorary doctorate in laws, Hope College (Holland, Michigan, United States, 7 September 2012)
- Honorary doctorate in human letters, Hofstra University (Hempstead, New York, United States, 22 May 2011)
- Honorary doctorate in sociology, Yonsei University (Seoul, South Korea, 27 April 2010)
- Honorary doctorate in systems, design and management, Keio University (Tokyo, Japan, 27 oktober 2009)
- Honorary doctorate in theology, , 10 October 2005)
References
- ^ (in Dutch) Willem Drees gekozen tot ‘Dé premier na WO II’, Geschiedenis24.nl, 15 January 2006
- ^ (in Dutch) NRC-enquête: Drees en Lubbers beste premiers sinds 1900, NRC Handelsblad, 28 September 2013
- ^ (in Dutch) I&O Research, I&O Research, 13 March 2020
- ^ a b "Mr. Dr. J.P. Balkenende" (in Dutch). Leiden University. Retrieved 7 June 2007.
- ^ "The Political Center under Pressure: Elections in the Netherlands" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2008.
- Elsevier. 10 September 2006. Archived from the originalon 10 February 2008.
- ^ "Balkenende benoemd tot formateur" (in Dutch). NOS.nl. 9 February 2007. Archived from the original on 11 February 2007.
- ^ Tyler, John (20 February 2010). "Dutch government falls over Afghanistan mission". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 23 February 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
- ^ a b "'Old' and 'new' Europe divided at NATO Summit". Euractiv. 2 April 2008. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ "Balkenende weer lijsttrekker CDA".
- ^ "Balkenende excuseert zich voor 'u kijkt zo lief'" (in Dutch). Nederlands Dagblad. 27 May 2010.
- ^ "Wat zeg je terug op "U kijkt zo lief"?" (in Dutch). NRC Next. 27 May 2010.
- ^ De Telegraaf. "Balkenende weg als CDA-leider". Retrieved 9 June 2010.
- ^ "Belgian Potter jibe upsets Dutch". BBC News. 6 June 2005.
- ^ van Gorp, Cyntha (18 May 2008). "Kijk, het is zo, je hebt te maken met JP, het is goed om dat nog eens te zeggen". Trouw (in Dutch). Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ De Telegraph article (in Dutch).
- ^ Decoration of former Dutch Prime Minister H.E. Jan Peter Balkenende – website Embassy of the Republic of Poland in The Hague
External links
- (in Dutch) Prof.Mr.Dr. J.P. (Jan Peter) Balkenende Parlement & Politiek
- (in Dutch) Kabinet Balkenende I Rijksoverheid
- (in Dutch) Kabinet-Balkenende II Rijksoverheid
- (in Dutch) Kabinet-Balkenende III Rijksoverheid
- (in Dutch) Kabinet-Balkenende IV Rijksoverheid