Jani Beg
Jani Beg جانی بک | |
---|---|
Öz Beg Khan | |
Mother | Taydula Khatun |
Religion | Islam |
Jani Beg (
Reign
With the support of his mother
, were under constant political and military pressure from Jani Beg.Jani Beg commanded a massive Crimean
In 1356, Jani Beg conquered the city of
The Chudov Monastery in Moscow, founded at about the time of Jani Beg's fall by Metropolitan Aleksii and Sergii of Radonezh, was built on land that according to legend was granted to Aleksii by the Khan as thanks for the miraculous curing of his mother Taydula by the former.
The reign of Jani Beg was marked by the first signs of the feudal strife which would eventually contribute to the demise of the Golden Horde. Jani Beg's assassination in 1357 opened a quarter-century of political turmoil within the Golden Horde. Twenty-five khans succeeded each other between 1357 and 1378.
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Metropolitan Alexis Healing the Tatar Queen Taidula from Blindness while Janibeg Looks on, Yakov Kapkov (1816-54)
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Metropolitan Alexis healing Jani Beg's mother from blindness (detail from a 15th- or 16th-century painting by Dionisius)
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The murder of Jani Beg by Berdi Beg (miniature from a volume of the Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible)
Catalan Atlas (1375)
Jani Beg appears in the 1375
Here resides the emperor of this northern region whose empire starts in the province of Bulgaria and ends at the city of Organcio. The sovereign is named Jambech, Lord of the Sarra.[7]
The symbolism of the Golden Horde flag depicted by the Catalan Atlas (
Family
Jani Beg had a number of sons, only one of whom, Berdi Beg, reigned after him but who proceeded to eliminate his brothers. Two or three more khans appear to have claimed to be Jani Beg's sons and are sometimes treated as such by modern scholars.[11]
- Berdi Beg (r. 1357–1359)
- (pretended?) Qulpa (r. 1359–1360)
- (pretended?) Nawruz Beg (r. 1360)
- (pretended?) Kildi Beg (r. 1361–1362)
- a daughter, Shakar Beg, married Aq Sufi
Genealogy
- Genghis Khan
- Jochi
- Batu Khan
- Toqoqan
- Mengu-Timur
- Toghrilcha
- Uzbeg Khan
- Jani Beg
- Toghrilcha
- Mengu-Timur
- Toqoqan
- Batu Khan
- Jochi
Popular culture
The 2012 Russian film The Horde is set during the reign of Jani Beg and is a highly fictionalised narrative of how Aleksii healed Taidula from blindness.
See also
References
- ISBN 978-1-5381-1137-6.
- ^ "How the Plague Spread to Italy". Brown University. March 12, 2010.
But then, in 1347, to the Italians' delight, their opponents began to die off at an alarming rate - Janibeg's army was overcome by the Plague. Janibeg had no choice but to call off his siege, but not until he performed one last act of warfare against Genoa. Using the catapults designed to throw boulders and fireballs over the walls of fortified cities like Kaffa, Janibeg launched the Plague infested corpses of his dead men into the city. The Italians quickly dumped these bodies back into the sea, but the damage was done. Due to the squalid conditions forced upon Kaffa by the siege, it was ripe for the quick desolation of the Plague.
- ^ O. Benedictow: The Black Death 1346–1353: The Complete History. Woodbridge 2006.
- ^ Matthew J. Broughton Catapulted Death: Can a Flying Corpse Distribute the Plague? Retrieved: 30 June 2022.
- ISBN 978-0-300-05167-4.
- ISBN 978-0-300-05167-4.
- ^ "The Cresques Project - Panel V". www.cresquesproject.net.
- ^ Coinage of Mengu-Timur. Bulghar mint. Dated AH 672 or 3 (AD 1273-1275)
- ISBN 978-3-447-02273-6.
The tamga ( a sign of ownership or of belonging to a clan ) drawn on the flag can be seen on coins minted in Bulgar and Bilyar at the time of the early Golden Horde. (...) Besides the Catalan atlas of 1375 there is also a 50 x123 cm Catalan map preserved in Paris.
- ^ Fedorov-Davydov, German A. (2003). "The Monetary System of The Golden Horde" (PDF). Paleograph Press: 349.
Tamga in the form of a two-pointed prong was retained on the coins minted in Bolgar, Mokhsha and the Crimea up until the reign of Janibek, marking the disappearance of this image for the rest of the 14th century.
- ^ E.g., Buell 2003: 76; contrast Gaev 2002: 18-19, and Počekaev 2010: 122, 124.
- ^ Martin Bernard Dickson, Michel M. Mazzaoui, Vera Basch Moreen, Intellectual studies on Islam: essays written in honor of Martin B. Dickson (1990), p. 113.
Bibliography
- Buell, Paul D.; Fiaschetti, Francesca (2018). Historical Dictionary of the Mongol World Empire (2nd ed.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-1137-6.
- Gaev, A. G. "Genealogii͡a i khronologii͡a Dzhuchidov" [Genealogy and chronology of the Jochids]. Drevnosti Povolzhʹi͡a i drugikh regionov. Vypusk IV. Numizmaticheskiĭ sbornik. T. 3 (in Russian). Nizhny Novgorod: IPR Informelektro. pp. 9–55. ISBN 5-7801-0222-8.
- Horrox, Rosemary (ed.). The Black Death. Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719034985.
- ISBN 9789004191907. Archived from the originalon 30 June 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
- David Morgan, The Mongols[full citation needed]
- Pochekaev, R. Yu. (2010). T͡Sari ordynskie. Biografii khanov i praviteleĭ Zolotoĭ Ordy. Saint Petersburg: Yevraziya.