Japanese submarine I-6

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
I-6 in 1935 or 1936.
History
RN EnsignImperial Japanese Navy
NameI-6
BuilderKawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation, Kobe, Japan
Laid down14 October 1932
Launched31 March 1934
Completed15 May 1935
Commissioned15 May 1935
Decommissioned15 December 1938
Recommissionedby 1 April 1939
FateSunk 16 June 1944 (see text)
Stricken10 September 1944
General characteristics
Class and typeJ2 type submarine
Displacement
  • 1,900 tons (surfaced)
  • 3,061 tons(submerged)
Length98.50 m (323 ft 2 in)
Beam9.06 m (29 ft 9 in)
Draft5.31 m (17 ft 5 in)
Depth7.58 m (24 ft 10 in)
Propulsion
  • 2 ×
    kW
    ), 2 shafts
  • Two electric motors, 2600
    shp
    (2,199 kW)
Speed
  • 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph) (surfaced)
  • 7.5 kn (13.9 km/h; 8.6 mph) (submerged)
Range
  • 20,000 nmi (37,000 km; 23,000 mi) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph) (surfaced)
  • 65 nmi (120 km; 75 mi) at 3 kn (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph) (submerged)
Test depth80 m (262 ft)
Boats & landing
craft carried		1 x Daihatsu (added August 1942–February 1943)
Complement80 officers and men
Armament
Aircraft carried1 x Yokosuka E6Y1 (until mid-1940)
Aviation facilitiesHangar, catapult (both removed mid-1940)

I-6 was an

South Pacific Ocean, and took part in the Aleutian Islands campaign and New Guinea campaign
before she was sunk in June 1944.

Design

I-6 was the only Junsen II- (or "J2"-) type submarine. After the four Junsen I-type submarines (I-1, I-2, I-3, and I-4), the Japanese had built I-5 as a modified Junsen I, introducing an aviation capability to the Junsen type with the inclusion of a hangar that allowed I-5 to carry and operate a floatplane. I-6 represented the next step in the evolution of this aviation capability, as she had both a hangar and a catapult for a floatplane. The next and last Junsen-type submarines, I-7 and I-8, the only Junsen III-type submarines, also each had a hangar and catapult for a floatplane.

Construction and commissioning

Built by

laid down on 14 October 1932.[1][2] She was launched on 31 March 1934[1][2] and completed and commissioned on 15 May 1935.[1][2]

Service history

1935–1937

Upon commissioning, I-6 was attached to the

reconnaissance seaplane for testing purposes.[2]

On 1 December 1936, I-6 returned to duty in Submarine Division 8 in Submarine Squadron 1 in the 1st Fleet.

Ariake Bay on 6 April 1937.[1][3][4][5][6][7]

Second Sino-Japanese War

On 7 July 1937 the first day of the

3rd Fleet,[8] which in turn was subordinated to the China Area Fleet for service in Chinese waters.[8] The squadron, consisting of I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4, I-5 and I-6,[8] deployed to a base at Hong Kong with the submarine tenders Chōgei and Taigei in September 1937.[8] From Hong Kong, the submarines began operations in support of a Japanese blockade of China and patrols of China's central and southern coast.[8] From 20[1] or 21[2] (sources disagree) to 23 August 1937, all six submarines of Submarine Squadron 1 operated in the East China Sea as distant cover for an operation in which the battleships Nagato, Mutsu, Haruna, and Kirishima and the light cruiser Isuzu ferried troops from Tadotsu, Japan, to Shanghai, China.[2]

Submarine Squadron 1 was based at Hong Kong until the autumn of 1938.[8] In an effort to reduce international tensions over the conflict in China, Japan withdrew its submarines from Chinese waters in December 1938.[8]

1938–1941

Remaining a unit of Submarine Division 8, I-6 was placed in Second Reserve in the Yokosuka Naval District on 15 December 1938,[1] then on 1 April 1939 began an assignment at the Torpedo School in the Yokosuka Naval District at Yokosuka.[1] In mid-1940, her hangar and catapult were removed,[2] and thereafter she did not operate aircraft. Submarine Squadron 2, including I-6, was resubordinated to the 6th Fleet on 15 November 1940.[1][2]

On 10 November 1941 — by which time I-4, I-5, I-6, and the submarine

Vice Admiral Mitsumi Shimizu, gathered the commanding officers of the fleet's submarines together for a meeting aboard his flagship, the light cruiser Katori, which was anchored in Saeki Bay.[2] His chief of staff briefed them on the upcoming attack on Pearl Harbor, which would bring Japan and the United States into World War II.[2] As the Imperial Japanese Navy began to deploy for the upcoming conflict in the Pacific, I-4, I-5, I-6, and I-7 got underway from Yokosuka at 13:00 on 16 November 1941, bound for the Hawaiian Islands.[2] The submarines received the message "Climb Mount Niitaka 1208" (Japanese: Niitakayama nobore 1208) from the Combined Fleet on 2 December 1941, indicating that war with the Allies would commence on 8 December 1941 Japan time, which was on 7 December 1941 on the other side of the International Date Line in Hawaii.[2]

World War II

First war patrol

On 7 December 1941, the submarines of Submarine Squadron 2 took up patrol stations across a stretch of the

Kauai Channel and an area southeast of Pearl Harbor.[2] Later in December, one of her torpedomen was injured during a routine torpedo inspection; he died several days later of sepsis on 27 December 1941 and was buried at sea.[2]

On 9 January 1942, the submarine

boiler rooms.[2] Taking on 1,100 tons of water, Saratoga heeled to starboard and then to port and lost headway.[2] I-6 went to a depth of 330 feet (100 m), and when the escorting destroyers began a counterattack at 19:58, they could not locate her.[2] Her sound operator reported hearing two large explosions followed by a number of smaller ones which suggested that Saratoga had sunk and was breaking up on her way to the bottom, and after 22:00 I-6 transmitted a report claiming two hits on, and the probable sinking of, a Lexington-class aircraft carrier.[2] In fact, Saratoga survived, but the damage I-6 inflicted kept her out of combat for the next six months.[2]

On 12 January 1942, I-6 departed her patrol area bound for

drydocked in early February 1942 and began a refit and overhaul.[2]

Second war patrol

While I-6 was at Yokosuka, Submarine Squadron 2 — consisting of I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4, I-6, and the squadron flagship, I-7 — was assigned to the

Celebes just southeast of Kendari on 22 February 1942.[2] At 07:00 on 23 February 1942, she got back underway in company with I-4 and I-5 to begin her second war patrol, bound for a patrol area in the Indian Ocean west of Sumatra.[2] While I-5 and I-6 were on the surface west of Timor en route their patrol areas on 25 February 1942, an Imperial Japanese Navy Mitsubishi C5M (Allied reporting name "Babs") reconnaissance aircraft escorted by nine Mitsubishi A6M Zero (Allied reporting name "Zeke") fighters sighted the vessels at 12:30 Japan Standard Time and misidentified them as Royal Netherlands Navy submarines.[2] The Zeroes made repeated strafing attacks that forced I-6 to submerge, but she suffered no damage.[2] Her patrol otherwise was uneventful, and she concluded it with her arrival at Penang in Japanese-occupied British Malaya on 8 March 1942.[2]

Third war patrol

Orders arrived from the

Maldive Islands.[2] On 27 March, the German naval staff in Berlin asked that Japan begin anti-shipping operations against Allied convoys in the Indian Ocean.[2]

At 16:35 on 31 March 1942, I-6 was in the Indian Ocean off

Cochin, India, carrying 3,655 tons of general cargo and 1,027 tons of explosives.[1][2] She fired two torpedoes at a range of 1,640 yards (1,500 m), scoring one hit amidships on Clan Ross′s port side.[2] Clan Ross sank by the stern at 14:14 at 15°58′N 068°24′E / 15.967°N 68.400°E / 15.967; 68.400 (SS Clan Ross) with the loss of 11 crew members killed and three injured.[1][2] I-6 surfaced and approached the survivors.[2] I-6′s crew interrogated the survivors, provided them with fresh water and biscuits, and gave them the bearing to Bombay, then lined up on I-6′s afterdeck, saluted the survivors, and wished them "bon voyage" in broken French.[2]

While on the surface at around 16:00 on 7 April 1942, I-6 encountered the British 5,424-ton merchant ship Bahadur — bound from Bombay to Basra, Iraq, with a cargo of 5,100 tons of government stores and ammunition — in the Arabian Sea 170 nautical miles (310 km; 200 mi) northwest of Bombay.[1][2] I-6 submerged and fired torpedoes, but Bahadur′s crew spotted them and Bahadur made a hard turn to starboard, evaded the torpedoes, and attempted to open the range at top speed.[2] I-6 fired two torpedoes from her stern torpedo tubes, but they also missed.[2] She then surfaced and pursued Bahadur, opening fire with her 127-millimeter (5 in) deck gun at a range of 6,570 yards (6,010 m).[2] The gun jammed after firing only one round, and I-6 submerged and gave up the chase.[2] Bahadur suddenly stopped, however, and lowered her lifeboats.[2] I-6 closed and fired two more torpedoes from a position on Bahadur′s port beam.[2] Bahadur sank by the stern at 19:20 at 19°44′N 068°28′E / 19.733°N 68.467°E / 19.733; 68.467 (Bahadur).[1][2]

I-6 surfaced in the Arabian Sea 300 nautical miles (560 km; 350 mi) southwest of Bombay after 08:15 on 10 April 1942 to attack two 150-ton dhows with her deck gun, claiming both of them sunk.[1][2] Her patrol ended with her arrival at Seletar, Singapore, on 17 April 1942.[2] She departed Singapore on 21 April 1942 in company with I-5 to head for Yokosuka, which she reached on 1 May 1942.[2] She underwent repairs there until 6 June 1942.[2]

Fourth war patrol

While I-6 was at Yokosuka, the

Unimak Pass area.[2] On 7 July 1942, she received orders to move to the Kiska area.[2] When the rest of Submarine Squadron 2 was ordered to return to Japan on 20 July 1942, she was ordered to remain behind and operate from Kiska.[2]

On 29 July 1942, an Imperial Japanese Navy

Task Group 8.6 bombarded the island and harbor on 7 August 1942.[2] All four submarines submerged to avoid damage, and some of them set off in pursuit of the task group after the shelling ceased, but none succeeded in finding the withdrawing American ships.[2]

On 15 August 1942, I-6 received orders to return to Japan, and she got underway from Kiska the same day.[2] While she was at sea, both Submarine Squadron 2 and Submarine Division 8 were disbanded, and she and I-5 were reassigned to Submarine Division 7.[2] She arrived at Yokosuka on 23 August 1942 and began an overhaul.[2]

August 1942–February 1943

While I-6 was at Kiska, the six-month

Florida Island, Gavutu, and Tanambogo in the southeastern Solomon Islands.[2] As the campaign wore on, the Japanese decided to use submarines to supply their forces fighting on Guadalcanal and began fitting the submarines involved in the supply runs with a mounting on their decks that allowed each of them to carry a waterproofed Daihatsu-class landing craft for the discharge of cargo along coastlines in the Solomon Islands.[2] I-6 received a Daihatsu mounting during her overhaul,[2] but was still in Japan when Operation Ke
, the evacuation of Japanese forces on Guadalcanal, was completed on 7 February 1943, bringing the Guadalcanal campaign to an end.

With her overhaul complete, I-6 departed Yokosuka at 10:00 on 16 February 1943 carrying a Daihatsu.[2] She arrived at Truk at 10:15 on 23 February 1943, and later that day the commander of Submarine Squadron 7 came aboard to inspect her.[2] On 26 February 1943 she debarked her Daihatsu and took on fuel, supplies, and ammunition from Hie Maru.[2] She departed her anchorage at 08:00 on 28 February 1943, made a test cruise off Uman Island, and returned at 15:00.[2]

Fifth war patrol

On 2 March 1943, I-6 got underway from Truk for her fifth war patrol, tasked with laying nine German-made TMC

Fleet Radio Unit, Melbourne (FRUMEL), an American-Australian-British signals intelligence unit headquartered at Melbourne, Australia, decrypted a Japanese message — probably one transmitted on 2 March — that revealed I-6′s departure.[2]

By 12:00 on 11 March 1943, I-6 was 60 nautical miles (110 km; 69 mi) northeast of Brisbane.

shipping lane.[2][9] She then withdrew into the open ocean,[2] and later that evening transmitted a report of her activities.[9] FRUMEL intercepted and partially decrypted her message, learning that a Japanese submarine had laid nine mines somewhere along the east coast of Australia, but not the location of the mines because of code words I-6 had used to describe their locations.[9] An attempt to determine the submarine's position at the time of the transmission using triangulation yielded nothing more precise than a nearly useless 500-nautical-mile (926 km; 575 mi) circle.[9]

FRUMEL's reporting prompted instructions to

patrol vessels arrived in the area and searched for her until sunset on 18 March 1943, but without success.[2]

I-6 was off Cape Byron on 21 March 1943 when she received orders to depart her patrol area and proceed to Rabaul.[2] She sent a situation report at 19:33 that evening which FRUMEL partially decrypted.[2] The Allied interception of I-6′s enciphered communications had led the U.S. Navy to order three submarines — USS Stingray (SS-186), USS Halibut (SS-232), and USS Trigger (SS-237) — to lie in wait for I-6 during her patrol, but none of them sighted her,[11] and she arrived at Rabaul at 07:30 on 27 March 1943.[2]

Unfortunately for the Japanese, I-6′s commanding officer lacked adequate intelligence on Allied shipping patterns when I-6 laid her mines, which were planted in an area rarely visited by Allied ships.

antiaircraft gunnery practice, firing at a target towed by an RAAF Lockheed Hudson.[10] As spent shells and shell fragments fell into the water, Swan observed two large explosions close aboard which reached 400 feet (122 m) in height and 130 feet (40 m) across their bases.[10] At least two mines clearly had exploded, and the size of the explosions suggested that each of them separately may have represented the detonation of two mines, although Allied forces could not substantiate this possibility.[10] Gympie arrived in the area and began a minesweeping effort that after a number of days detonated another mine, but repeated sweeping found no more by the time minesweeping operations ended in September 1943.[2][10] The mines were designed to rest on the seafloor and were not fixed in place, meaning that they could slide or roll if laid on sloping surfaces, and the Allies found the mines in a somewhat different location — 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) offshore in waters 30 to 40 meters (98 to 131 ft) deep[10]
— than I-6 reported laying them.

New Guinea campaign

While I-6 was on patrol, a Japanese attempt to carry supplies and reinforcements to

regimental colors of the 41st Infantry Regiment to Rabaul and 25 other passengers and departed for Rabaul.[2] Shortly after her departure she sighted Allied motor torpedo boats, but she crash-dived and avoided them and arrived safely at Rabaul on 7 April 1943.[2]

I-6 next called at Lae on 11 April 1943, unloading 26 passengers and 77 supply drums containing 4.4 tons of weapons and ammunition, 19 tons of clothing, and food and embarking 42 passengers for Rabaul.[2] On her third supply run, she visited Lae on 17 April 1943, discharging 28 passengers and 77 supply drums containing four tons of weapons and ammunition and 17 tons of clothing.[2] After embarking 39 passengers, she got back underway for Rabaul.[2] She sighted Allied motor torpedo boats near the Tami Islands during the return trip, but submerged and avoided them.[2] While at Rabaul, she was reassigned on 21 April 1943 to the Northern District Force in the 5th Fleet to support the supply and reinforcement of the Japanese garrisons on Attu and Kiska in the Aleutian Islands.[2]

I-6′s redeployment to the North Pacific was deferred, and for the time being she continued her supply runs between Rabaul and Lae. On her fourth run, she delivered 20 passengers and supply drums containing one ton of ammunition, 16 tons of clothing, and 16 tons of food on 24 April 1943 and left for Rabaul with 42 passengers aboard.[2] She visited Lae on her fifth run on 30 April 1943 and dropped off 30 passengers and supply drums holding three tons of weapons and ammunition, 19 tons of clothing, and one ton of food.[2] She embarked 41 passengers and put back to sea.[2] At dawn she sighted Allied motor torpedo boats and spent an hour evading them, but she arrived safely at Rabaul.[2] On her sixth run, she called at Lae on 7 May 1943 to deliver 10 passengers and 77 supply drums carrying 2.8 tons of weapons, four tons of artillery shells, and 13 tons of clothing and pick up 12 passengers.[2]

I-6′s seventh run was more eventful. She arrived at Lae on 13 May 1943, unloaded 10 passengers and supply drums containing 11.5 tons of weapons, five tons of ammunition, and nine tons of food.

bow without detonating, bringing the action to a close.[2] I-6 proceeded with her voyage to Rabaul, but on 14 May 1943 she diverted from it so that she and I-5 could search for the crews of Mitsubishi G4M (Allied reporting name "Betty") bombers shot down during a raid on Oro Bay.[2] She rescued two aviators from the water 60 nautical miles (110 km; 69 mi) off Buna, New Guinea.[2]

On her eighth run, I-6 called at Lae on 21 May 1943 to deliver 5.1 tons of weapons, 5.4 tons of ammunition, 4.6 tons of food, and 31 passengers.[2] She departed for Rabaul after embarking 40 passengers.[2] On her ninth and final run, she visited Lae on 28 May 1943 and dropped off 18 tons of food, 4.3 tons of weapons and medicine, two tons of clothes, a Daihatsu, and 23 passengers.[2] Not scheduled to return to Rabaul, she did not embark passengers.[2] She instead got back underway bound directly for Truk.[2] Reassigned along with I-5 to the 6th Fleet while at sea on 31 May 1943, she stopped at Truk from 1 to 2 June 1943, then proceeded to Yokosuka, which she reached on 8 June 1943.[2] She underwent repairs there.[2]

Sixth and seventh war patrols

In the Aleutian Islands, the Japanese garrison on Attu had been annihilated by invading U.S. forces in the

Paramushiro in the Kuril Islands.[2] After calling at Paramushiro, she deployed to support the ongoing evacuation of Kiska, patrolling with I-5 in the Bering Sea north-northeast of Kiska.[2] Between 17 and 19 July 1943, the two submarines sighted three U.S. destroyers on three separate occasions, but were unable to attack them.[2] The Japanese completed the evacuation on 28 July 1943, and I-6 concluded her patrol with her arrival at Paramushiro on 4 August 1943.[2]

I-6 departed Paramushiro on 16 August 1943 for her seventh war patrol, assigned a patrol area off Kiska.[2] The patrol was uneventful, and she returned to Paramushiro on 3 September 1943.[2] She got back underway on 5 September 1943 and arrived on 10 September at Yokosuka, where she underwent repairs.[2]

New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago

On 25 October 1943, I-6 was reassigned to the Southeast Area Fleet to resume duties on supply runs to New Guinea and in the Bismarck Archipelago.[2] On 30 October, she departed Yokosuka bound for Rabaul.[2] From Rabaul, she began supply runs to Sio on the Huon Peninsula in New Guinea, calling at Sio on 16 November and 4 December 1943 without incident but coming under attack by Allied aircraft during her third visit on 18 December 1943 while unloading cargo; the attack forced her to depart before she could completely unload, and she returned to Rabaul with some cargo still aboard.[2] She visited Sio for the fourth and final time on 27 December 1943 and early in the morning, just after she began her return voyage to Rabaul, she encountered Allied motor torpedo boats, which depth-charged her.[2] Later that day, Allied aircraft attacked her.[2] She emerged from both attacks unscathed, and on the same day received orders to intercept an Allied convoy.[2] With only two torpedoes aboard, she patrolled in the Dampier Strait from 28 December 1943 to 1 January 1944, but did not find the Allied ships.[2]

On 4 January 1944, I-6 began a new series of supply runs, shuttling between Rabaul and Iboki, New Guinea.[2] Her first and second round trips — from 4 to 10 January 1944, calling at Iboki on 6 January, and from 17 to 21 January 1944, calling at Iboki on 19 January — involved the delivery of supplies.[2] On her third run, in which she departed Rabaul on 28 January 1944, she carried only troops, which she disembarked at Iboki on 30 January 1944, damaging her screws on an uncharted reef in the process.[2] She returned to Rabaul on 1 February 1944, and on that day Submarine Division 7 was attached directly to 6th Fleet headquarters.[2] Her next supply trip saw her depart Rabaul on 3 February 1944 to deliver supplies to Sarmi, New Guinea.[2] She received orders on 5 February 1944 to return to Yokosuka.[2] She got underway from Rabaul on 13 February 1944, called at Lorengau on Manus Island in the Admiralty Islands on 17 February 1944 to deliver a cargo of 12 heavy machine guns and their ammunition, then departed the same day for Yokosuka, which she reached on 29 February 1944 to begin an overhaul.[2]

Loss

On 15 June 1944, the

capsized, and sank a few minutes later, and Toyokawa Maru followed up by dropping depth charges and machine gunning the water where I-6 sank.[2] None of I-6′s crew of 104 survived.[1][2]

On 1 July 1944, the Japanese ordered I-6 to rescue Takagi and his staff from their headquarters on Saipan, which was threatened by advancing American forces.[2] When I-6 did not acknowledge receipt of the message, the Japanese declared her missing.[2] Sixth Fleet headquarters made a final attempt to contact her on 3 July 1944.[2]

Alternative accounts of the loss of I-6 claim that Toyokawa Maru sank her off Saipan on 30 June 1944,[10] or that the destroyer escort USS William C. Miller (DE-259) and high-speed transport USS Gilmer (APD-11) sank her 70 nautical miles (130 km; 81 mi) west of Tinian at 15°18′N 144°26′E / 15.300°N 144.433°E / 15.300; 144.433 on 19 July 1944.[10]

I-6 was stricken from the Navy list on 10 September 1944.[2]

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s I-6 ijnsubsite.com 18 September 2018 Accessed 29 January 2022
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (6 October 2012). "IJN Submarine I-6: Tabular Record of Movement". combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  3. ^ a b I-1 ijnsubsite.com 1 July 2020 Accessed 27 January 2022
  4. ^ a b I-2 ijnsubsite.com 15 April 2018 Accessed 28 January 2022
  5. ^ a b I-3 ijnsubsite.com 3 May 2018 Accessed 29 January 2022
  6. ^ a b I-4 ijnsubsite.com 18 May 2018 Accessed 29 January 2022
  7. ^ a b I-5 ijnsubsite.com 18 May 2018 Accessed 27 January 2022
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Boyd and Yoshida, p. 54.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Powell, p. 12.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Powell, p. 13.
  11. ^ Boyd and Yoshida, pp. 113–114.

Bibliography


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_submarine_I-6&oldid=1165600237"