List of Italian football champions
 Scudetto | |
| Founded | 1898 |
|---|---|
| Country | Italy |
| Confederation | UEFA |
| Number of teams | 20 |
| Current champions | Inter Milan (20th title) (2023–24) |
| Most championships | Juventus (36 titles) |
| Current: 2023–24 Serie A | |
The Italian football champions (
football league competition. The title has been contested since 1898 in varying forms of competition. Inter Milan are the current champions, while Juventus have won a record 36 titles. The first time the Scudetto (Italian: scudetto, "little shield", plural: scudetti) was used was in 1924 when Genoa
won its ninth championship title and decided to add a little shield to their shirt as to reward and celebrate themselves as champions.
The finals of the first
Italian Football Championship was decided in a single day with four teams competing, three from Turin and one from Genoa. The title was decided using a knock-out format between the finalists with Genoa, the inaugural winners. The knock-out format was used until the 1909–10 season, when a league consisting of nine teams was formed. The championship, which had been confined to a single league in the north of Italy, became a national competition in 1929 with the foundation of Serie A and Serie B
.
History
Campionato Italiano di Football
The first official national football tournament was organised in 1898 by the
Internazionale F.C. Torino by 3–1, following extra time.[1]
In the following years, the tournament was structured into regional groups with the winners of each group participating in a playoff with the eventual winners being declared champions. From 1904, the championship was called Prima Categoria.
Prima Categoria
In November 1907, the FIF organised two championships in the same season:[2]
- Italian Championship, the main tournament where only Italian players were allowed to play; the winners would be proclaimed Campioni d'Italia (Italian Champions) and would be awarded the Coppa Buni
- Federal Championship, a secondary tournament where foreign players (if they lived in Italy) were also allowed to play; the winners would be proclaimed Campioni Federali (Federal Champions) and would be awarded the Coppa Spensley[3]
The FIF wanted to organize two championships in order to allow weaker clubs composed only of Italian players ("squadre pure italiane", "pure Italian teams") to win the national title, and to relegate simultaneously the big clubs composed mostly of stronger foreign players ("squadre spurie internazionali", "spurious international teams") in a minor competition for a "consolation prize".[4][5][6] The majority of big clubs (Genoa, Torino and Milan) withdrew from both the championships in order to protest against the autarchical policy of the FIF. The Federal Championship was won by Juventus against Doria,[7] while The Italian Championship 1908 and Coppa Buni were won by Pro Vercelli, beating Juventus, Doria and US Milanese. However, the Federal Championship won by Juventus was later forgotten by FIGC, due to the boycott made by the dissident clubs.
In the 1909 season, the two championships were organised again, with Coppa Oberti in lieu of Coppa Spensley for the Federal Championship. This time, the majority of big clubs decided to only withdraw from the Italian Championship in order to make the Federal competition the most relevant tournament, and to diminish the Italian one. The Federal Championship was won by Pro Vercelli, beating US Milanese in the Final, while the Italian Championship was won by Juventus, again beating US Milanese in the Final.[8] However, the dissenters' strategy worked out: the failure of the Italian Championship won by Juventus forced the FIGC to later recognize the Federal Champions of Pro Vercelli as "Campioni d'Italia 1909", disavowing the other tournament.
The format was modified for the
Pro Vercelli 10-3 in the final. Even the Italian title won by Pro Vercelli was later forgotten.[10]
In the
Milan won the Coppa Federale, which for that season was a substitute for the championship, which had been suspended because of World War I.[12]
The tournament that year was limited to clubs from the north, with the exception of Pro Vercelli, but was not treated as an official trophy or recognised by the FIGC as an Italian title.
Prima Divisione
Controversy hit the Championship in the 1921–22 season which saw the major clubs (including Pro Vercelli,
1921–22 season (Prima Categoria) organised by the FIGC.[13] Therefore, that season saw two champions: Novese (FIGC) and Pro Vercelli (CCI). The schism ended when FIGC agreed to reduce the Northern Championship of 1922–23 to only 36 clubs ("Compromesso Colombo/Colombo compromise"); from 1923–24 the Northern Championship was reduced to 24 clubs divided into two groups.[14]
Divisione Nazionale
The Carta di Viareggio/Viareggio charter (1926) was drawn up to legalise professionalism, ban foreign players, and rationalise the championship creating a new national top league where Northern and Southern teams would play in the same championship: Divisione Nazionale. 17 teams from Lega Nord (Northern League) were admitted to the new Championship along with 3 teams from Lega Sud (Southern League) for 20 teams, divided into two national groups of 10 teams each.
Further scandal followed in the
Torino Football Club were stripped of their Scudetto following an FIGC investigation. A Torino official was found to have bribed opposing defender Luigi Allemandi in Torino's match against Juventus on 5 June 1927, and thus the season finished with no declared champions.[15]
Serie A
In 1929 Divisione Nazionale (two groups of 16 teams each) split into two Championships: Divisione Nazionale The title was officially recognised as a decoration by FIGC in 2002.
Spezia is authorized by the Italian Federation to exhibit a tricolour badge on the official jerseys which is unique, being the only permanent one in Italy.[19]
The post-war years were dominated by a
Milan, with the help of Swedish striker Gunnar Nordahl, who was Serie A's leading scorer (Italian: Capocannonieri) for five out of six seasons. Juventus began to dominate throughout the 1970s and early 1980s with nine Scudetti in fifteen seasons while the 1990s saw Milan come to prominence.[13]
Serie A was dealt another blow by the
Reggina.[20] The FIGC ruled Juventus be stripped of their title, relegated to Serie B, and start the following season with a nine-point deduction. The other clubs involved suffered similarly with relegation and points deduction.[21]
Campionato Italiano di Football
| Season | Winners | Second place | Top scorer(s) (club) (goals) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1898 | Genoa (1) |
Internazionale Torino |
(Unknown) |
| 1899 | Genoa (2) | Internazionale Torino | (Unknown) |
| 1900 | Genoa (3) | Torinese |
(Unknown) |
| 1901 | Milan (1) |
Genoa |  Umberto Malvano (Juventus) (4)
|
| 1902 | Genoa (4) | Milan | (Unknown) |
| 1903 | Genoa (5) | Juventus | (Unknown) |
Prima Categoria
| Year | Winners | Second place | / | Top scorer(s) (club) (goals) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1904 | Genoa (6) | Juventus | - | (Unknown) |
| Year | Winners | Second place | Third Place | Top scorer(s) (club) (goals) |
| 1905 | Juventus (1) | Genoa | US Milanese | (Unknown) |
| 1906 | Milan (2) | Juventus | Genoa | (Unknown) |
| 1907 | Milan (3) | Torino | Andrea Doria | (Unknown) |
| 1908 | Pro Vercelli (1) |
US Milanese | Andrea Doria | (Unknown) |
| 1909 | Pro Vercelli (2) | US Milanese | Genoa | (Unknown) |
| 1909–10 | Internazionale (1) | Pro Vercelli | Juventus | (Unknown) |
| Season | Winners | Veneto-Emilia champions | / | Top scorer(s) (club) (goals) |
| 1910–11 | Pro Vercelli (3) | Vicenza |
- | (Unknown) |
| 1911–12 | Pro Vercelli (4) | Venezia |
- | (Unknown) |
| Season | Winners | Central-southern Italy champions | / | Top scorer(s) (club) (goals) |
| 1912–13 | Pro Vercelli (5) | Lazio | - | (Unknown) |
| 1913–14 | Casale (1) |
Lazio | - | (Unknown) |
| 1914–15 | Genoa (7)[22] | - | - | (Unknown) |
| 1915–19 | Postponed due to First World War |
|||
| 1919–20 | Internazionale (2) | Livorno | - | (Unknown) |
| 1920–21 | Pro Vercelli (6) | Pisa |
- | (Unknown) |
| Year | Winner | Second place | / | Top scorer(s) (club) (goals) |
1921–22 (FIGC) |
Novese (1) |
Sampierdarenese |
- | (Unknown) |
Prima Divisione
| Season | Winners | Central-southern Italy champions | / | Top scorer(s) (club) (goals) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1921–22 (CCI) |
Pro Vercelli (7) | Fortitudo Roma | - | (Unknown) |
| 1922–23 | Genoa (8) | Lazio | - | (Unknown) |
| 1923–24 | Genoa (9) | Savoia |
- |  Heinrich Schönfeld (Torino) (22)
|
| 1924–25 | Bologna (1) |
Alba Trastevere |
- | Mario Magnozzi (Livorno) (19)
|
| 1925–26 | Juventus (2) | Alba Trastevere | - |  Ferenc Hirzer (Juventus) (35)
|
Divisione Nazionale
| Season | Winners | Runners-up | Third Place | Top scorer(s) (club) (goals) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1926–27 | Not awarded | Bologna | Juventus | Anton Powolny (Internazionale) (22)
|
| 1927–28 | Torino (1) | Genoa | Alessandria |
 Julio Libonatti (Torino) (35)
|
| Season | Winners | Second place | / | Top scorer(s) (club) (goals) |
| 1928–29 | Bologna (2) | Torino | - | Gino Rossetti (Torino) (36)
|
Serie A
| † | Champions also won the Coppa Italia that season for a double |
| * | Champions also won the Coppa Italia and UEFA Champions League that season for a treble |
| † | Champions also won the European Cup/UEFA Champions League that season
|
| ‡ | Champions also won the UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League that season
|
| # | Champions also won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup that season |
| Season | Winners | Runners-up | Third Place | Top scorer(s) (club) (goals) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1929–30 | Ambrosiana-Inter (3) | Genoa | Juventus | Giuseppe Meazza (Ambrosiana-Inter) (31)
|
| 1930–31 | Juventus (3) | Roma | Bologna | Rodolfo Volk (Roma) (29)
|
| 1931–32 | Juventus (4) | Bologna | Roma |  Pedro Petrone (Fiorentina) Angelo Schiavio (Bologna) (25)
|
| 1932–33 | Juventus (5) | Ambrosiana-Inter | Bologna/Napoli | Felice Placido Borel (Juventus) (29)
|
| 1933–34 | Juventus (6) | Ambrosiana-Inter | Napoli | Felice Placido Borel (Juventus) (31)
|
| 1934–35 | Juventus (7) | Ambrosiana-Inter | Fiorentina | Enrico Guaita (Roma) (31)
|
| 1935–36 | Bologna (3) | Roma | Torino | Giuseppe Meazza (Ambrosiana-Inter) (25)
|
| 1936–37 | Bologna (4) | Lazio | Torino | Silvio Piola (Lazio) (21)
|
| 1937–38 | Ambrosiana-Inter (4) | Juventus | Genoa | Giuseppe Meazza (Ambrosiana-Inter) (20)
|
| 1938–39 | Bologna (5) | Torino | Ambrosiana-Inter | Aldo Boffi (Milan) Ettore Puricelli (Bologna) (19)
|
| 1939–40 | Ambrosiana-Inter (5) | Bologna | Juventus | Aldo Boffi (Milan) (24)
|
| 1940–41 | Bologna (6) | Ambrosiana-Inter | Milan | Ettore Puricelli (Bologna) (22)
|
| 1941–42 | Roma (1) |
Torino | Venezia | Aldo Boffi (Milan) (22)
|
| 1942–43 | Torino (2)† | Livorno | Juventus Cisitalia | Silvio Piola (Lazio) (21)
|
| 1944 | Campionato Alta Italia
Spezia Calcio (decoration) | |||
| 1945 | Canceled due to Second World War
| |||
1945–46 |
Torino (3) | Juventus | Milan | Guglielmo Gabetto (Torino) (22)
|
| 1946–47 | Torino (4) | Juventus | Modena |  Valentino Mazzola (Torino) (29)
|
| 1947–48 | Torino (5) | Juventus/Milan/ Triestina |
Giampiero Boniperti (Juventus) (27)
| |
| 1948–49 | Torino (6) | Internazionale | Milan | István Nyers (Internazionale) (26)
|
| 1949–50 | Juventus (8) | Milan | Internazionale |  Gunnar Nordahl (Milan) (35)
|
| 1950–51 | Milan (4) | Internazionale | Juventus | Gunnar Nordahl (Milan) (34)
|
| 1951–52 | Juventus (9) | Milan | Internazionale | John Hansen (Juventus) (30)
|
| 1952–53 | Internazionale (6) | Juventus | Milan | Gunnar Nordahl (Milan) (26)
|
| 1953–54 | Internazionale (7) | Juventus | Fiorentina/Milan | Gunnar Nordahl (Milan) (23)
|
| 1954–55 | Milan (5) | Udinese | Roma | Gunnar Nordahl (Milan) (26)
|
| 1955–56 | Fiorentina (1) | Milan | Internazionale/Lazio | Gino Pivatelli (Bologna) (29)
|
| 1956–57 | Milan (6) | Fiorentina | Lazio | Dino da Costa (Roma) (22)
|
| 1957–58 | Juventus (10) | Fiorentina | Padova |  John Charles (Juventus) (28)
|
| 1958–59 | Milan (7) | Fiorentina | Internazionale | Antonio Valentin Angelillo (Internazionale) (33)
|
| 1959–60 | Juventus (11)† | Fiorentina | Milan | Omar Sivori (Juventus) (28)
|
| 1960–61 | Juventus (12) | Milan | Internazionale | Sergio Brighenti (Sampdoria) (27)
|
| 1961–62 | Milan (8) | Internazionale | Fiorentina |  José Altafini (Milan) Aurelio Milani (Fiorentina) (22)
|
| 1962–63 | Internazionale (8) | Juventus | Milan |  Harald Nielsen (Bologna) Pedro Manfredini (Roma) (19)
|
| 1963–64 | Bologna (7) | Internazionale | Milan | Harald Nielsen (Bologna) (21)
|
| 1964–65 | Internazionale (9)† | Milan | Torino | Sandro Mazzola (Internazionale) Alberto Orlando (Fiorentina) (17)
|
| 1965–66 | Internazionale (10) | Bologna | Napoli | Luis Vinicio (Vicenza) (25)
|
| 1966–67 | Juventus (13) | Internazionale | Bologna | Gigi Riva (Cagliari) (18)
|
| 1967–68 | Milan (9)# | Napoli | Juventus | Pierino Prati (Milan) (15)
|
| 1968–69 | Fiorentina (2) | Cagliari | Milan | Gigi Riva (Cagliari) (21)
|
| 1969–70 | Cagliari (1) | Internazionale | Juventus | Gigi Riva (Cagliari) (21)
|
| 1970–71 | Internazionale (11) | Milan | Napoli | Roberto Boninsegna (Internazionale) (24)
|
| 1971–72 | Juventus (14) | Milan/Torino | Roberto Boninsegna (Internazionale) (22)
| |
| 1972–73 | Juventus (15) | Milan | Lazio | (Milan) (17) |
| 1973–74 | Lazio (1) |
Juventus | Napoli | Giorgio Chinaglia (Lazio) (24)
|
| 1974–75 | Juventus (16) | Napoli | Roma | Paolino Pulici (Torino) (18)
|
| 1975–76 | Torino (7) | Juventus | Milan | Paolino Pulici (Torino) (21)
|
| 1976–77 | Juventus (17)‡ | Torino | Fiorentina | Francesco Graziani (Torino) (21)
|
| 1977–78 | Juventus (18) | Vicenza/Torino | Paolo Rossi (Vicenza) (24)
| |
| 1978–79 | Milan (10) | Perugia | Juventus | Bruno Giordano (Lazio) (19)
|
| 1979–80 | Internazionale (12) | Juventus | Torino | Roberto Bettega (Juventus) (16)
|
| 1980–81 | Juventus (19) | Roma | Napoli | Roberto Pruzzo (Roma) (18)
|
| 1981–82 | Juventus (20) | Fiorentina | Roma | Roberto Pruzzo (Roma) (15)
|
| 1982–83 | Roma (2) | Juventus | Internazionale |  Michel Platini (Juventus) (16)
|
| 1983–84 | Juventus (21)# | Roma | Fiorentina | Michel Platini (Juventus) (20)
|
| 1984–85 | Hellas Verona (1) |
Torino | Internazionale | Michel Platini (Juventus) (18)
|
| 1985–86 | Juventus (22) | Roma | Napoli | Roberto Pruzzo (Roma) (19)
|
| 1986–87 | Napoli (1)† |
Juventus | Internazionale | Pietro Paolo Virdis (Milan) (17)
|
| 1987–88 | Milan (11) | Napoli | Roma | Diego Maradona (Napoli) (15)
|
| 1988–89 | Internazionale (13) | Napoli | Milan | Aldo Serena (Internazionale) (22)
|
| 1989–90 | Napoli (2) | Milan | Internazionale |  Marco van Basten (Milan) (19)
|
| 1990–91 | Sampdoria (1) |
Milan | Internazionale | Gianluca Vialli (Sampdoria) (19)
|
| 1991–92 | Milan (12) | Juventus | Torino | Marco van Basten (Milan) (25)
|
| 1992–93 | Milan (13) | Internazionale | Parma | Giuseppe Signori (Lazio) (26)
|
| 1993–94 | Milan (14)† | Juventus | Sampdoria | Giuseppe Signori (Lazio) (23)
|
| 1994–95 | Juventus (23)† | Lazio | Parma | Gabriel Batistuta (Fiorentina) (26)
|
| 1995–96 | Milan (15) | Juventus | Lazio | Igor Protti (Bari) Giuseppe Signori (Lazio) (24)
|
| 1996–97 | Juventus (24) | Parma | Internazionale | Atalanta ) (24)
|
| 1997–98 | Juventus (25) | Internazionale | Udinese |  Oliver Bierhoff (Udinese) (27)
|
| 1998–99 | Milan (16) | Lazio | Fiorentina | Márcio Amoroso (Udinese) (22)
|
| 1999–2000 | Lazio (2)† | Juventus | Milan |  Andriy Shevchenko (Milan) (24)
|
| 2000–01 | Roma (3) | Juventus | Lazio | Hernán Crespo (Lazio) (26)
|
| 2001–02 | Juventus (26) | Roma | Internazionale | Piacenza ) (24)
|
| 2002–03 | Juventus (27) | Internazionale | Milan | Christian Vieri (Internazionale) (24)
|
| 2003–04 | Milan (17) | Roma | Juventus | Andriy Shevchenko (Milan) (24)
|
| 2004–05 | Not awarded | Milan | Internazionale | Cristiano Lucarelli (Livorno) (24)
|
| 2005–06 | Internazionale (14) | Roma | Milan | Luca Toni (Fiorentina) (31)
|
| 2006–07 | Internazionale (15) | Roma | Lazio | Francesco Totti (Roma) (26)
|
| 2007–08 | Internazionale (16) | Roma | Juventus | Alessandro Del Piero (Juventus) (21)
|
| 2008–09 | Internazionale (17) | Juventus | Milan | Zlatan Ibrahimović (Internazionale) (25)
|
| 2009–10 | Internazionale (18)* | Roma | Milan | Antonio Di Natale (Udinese) (29)
|
| 2010–11 | Milan (18) | Internazionale | Napoli | Antonio Di Natale (Udinese) (28)
|
| 2011–12 | Juventus (28) | Milan | Udinese | Zlatan Ibrahimović (Milan) (28)
|
| 2012–13 | Juventus (29) | Napoli | Milan | Edinson Cavani (Napoli) (29)
|
| 2013–14 | Juventus (30) | Roma | Napoli | Ciro Immobile (Torino) (22)
|
| 2014–15 | Juventus (31)† | Roma | Lazio | Hellas Verona ) (22)
|
| 2015–16 | Juventus (32)† | Napoli | Roma | Gonzalo Higuaín (Napoli) (36)
|
| 2016–17 | Juventus (33)† | Roma | Napoli |  Edin Džeko (Roma) (29)
|
| 2017–18 | Juventus (34)† | Napoli | Roma | Mauro Icardi (Internazionale) Ciro Immobile (Lazio) (29)
|
| 2018–19 | Juventus (35) | Napoli | Atalanta | Fabio Quagliarella (Sampdoria) (26)
|
| 2019–20 | Juventus (36) | Internazionale | Atalanta | Ciro Immobile (Lazio) (36)
|
| 2020–21 | Internazionale (19) | Milan | Atalanta |  Cristiano Ronaldo (Juventus) (29)
|
| 2021–22 | Milan (19) | Internazionale | Napoli | Ciro Immobile (Lazio) (27)
|
| 2022–23 | Napoli (3) | Lazio | Internazionale |  Victor Osimhen (Napoli) (26)
|
| 2023–24 | Internazionale (20) | |||
Performances
Clubs
The following table lists the performance of each club describing winners of the Championship. Sixteen clubs have been champions.
Bold indicates clubs currently playing in the top division.
Titles won by club (%)
Juventus – 36 (30%)
Internazionale – 20 (17%)
Milan – 19 (16%)
Genoa – 9 (7%)
Torino – 7 (6%)
Bologna – 7 (6%)
Pro Vercelli – 7 (6%)
Other clubs – 16 (13%)
Milan
By city
| City | Championships | Clubs |
|---|---|---|
| Turin | 43
|
Torino (7)
|
| Milan | 39
|
Milan (19)
|
| Genoa | 10
|
Sampdoria (1)
|
| Bologna | 7
|
Bologna (7)
|
| Vercelli | 7
|
Pro Vercelli (7)
|
| Rome | 5
|
Lazio (2)
|
| Naples | 3
|
Napoli (3)
|
| Florence | 2
|
Fiorentina (2) |
| Cagliari | 1
|
Cagliari (1) |
| Casale Monferrato | 1
|
Casale (1)
|
| Novi Ligure | 1
|
Novese (1)
|
| Verona | 1
|
Hellas Verona (1)
|
By region
| Region | Championships | Clubs |
|---|---|---|
| Piedmont | 52
|
Novese (1)
|
| Lombardy | 39
|
Milan (19)
|
| Liguria | 10
|
Sampdoria (1)
|
| Emilia-Romagna | 7
|
Bologna (7)
|
| Lazio | 5
|
Lazio (2)
|
| Campania | 3
|
Napoli (3)
|
| Tuscany | 2
|
Fiorentina (2) |
| Sardinia | 1
|
Cagliari (1) |
| Veneto | 1
|
Hellas Verona (1)
|
Notes
See also
- Football in Italy
- Italian football league system
- Capocannoniere, award for the top scorer in a Serie A season
Sources
- Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio – La Storia 1898–2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
- Carlo Chiesa, La grande storia del calcio italiano (The great history of italian football), Guerin Sportivo, 2012–
- Second installment: 1908–1910, pp. 17–32, in Guerin Sportivo #5 (maggio 2012), pp. 83–98.
References
- ^ a b "FIGC History – 1898". FIGC. Archived from the original on 23 April 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
- ^ Chiesa, p. 18.
- ^ "La gran finale del Campionato Federale". La Stampa. 22 February 1908. p. 5. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ^ Giulio Corradino Corradini (7 June 1908). "Federazione acefala" (in Italian). La Stampa Sportiva. pp. 10–11.
- ^ Giulio Corradino Corradini (5 July 1908). "Ancora sulla questione dei Campionati. La parola ad un dissidente" (in Italian). La Stampa Sportiva. pp. 7–8.
- ^ Giulio Corradino Corradini (6 September 1908). "Vexata quaestio" (in Italian). La Stampa Sportiva. p. 4.
- ^ "La Finale di Campionato a Torino". La Stampa. 7 May 1908. p. 4. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ^ "Il F.C. Juventus vince il Campionato Italiano". La Stampa. 7 June 1909. p. 5. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ^ Chiesa, pp. 24-25
- ^ "Italy – Championship History 1898–1923". RSSSF. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
- ^ "FIGC History – 1913". FIGC. Archived from the original on 23 April 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
- ^ "Juventus vs Milan". RSSSF. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
- ^ a b c d "Italy – List of Champions". RSSSF. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
- ^ Annuario 1931, pp. 18–19.
- ^ James Lawton (8 July 2006). "Italy are fabulously flawed". The Independent. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 17 April 2007.
- ^ Annuario 1931, p. 40. "Il campionato di Divisione Nazionale è diviso in due serie: A e B" (The Championship of Divisione Nazionale is divided into two Serie: A and B").
- ISBN 0007175744.
- ^ "Italy 1943/44 (War Championship)". RSSSF. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
- ^ "Lo scudetto del '44 – 4a parte" (in Italian). Spezia Calcio 1906. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
- ^ "Serie A quartet will stand trial". BBC Sport. 23 June 2006. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
- ^ "Italian trio relegated to Serie B". BBC Sport. 14 July 2006. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
- ^ Championship unfinished due to WWI, title awarded by the FIGC
External links
- (in English) Italian Football Association
- (in Italian) Official national league website