List of generals of the British Empire who died during the First World War

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This list includes all British officers of general rank who are listed by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) as having died while serving during the First World War. During this period general officers were those who held the rank of field marshal, general, lieutenant-general, major-general, or brigadier-general and generally commanded units of brigade size or larger.

A popular view arose in post-war years that British general officers were detached from the fighting in châteaux far behind the front line. This view has been criticised as a misconception by some military historians. In 1995, British military historians Frank Davis and Graham Maddocks compiled, in the book Bloody Red Tabs, a list of 78 general officers that they considered to have been killed as a result of active service. This list provided below includes officers who died from all causes and so is broader than Davis and Maddocks' list. It includes 123 officers who died between the British entry into the war, 4 August 1914, and the armistice of 11 November 1918. Listed separately are 34 who died between the armistice and 31 August 1921 which was defined by an act of British parliament as the formal end of the war.

Background

Gravestone of Brigadier-General Roland Bradford, killed 30 November 1917

General officer ranks in the armies of the British Empire of the First World War were, in descending order of seniority: field marshal, general, lieutenant-general, major-general, and brigadier-general. Field marshal was usually an honorary appointment, with the most senior active duty officers being generals.[1] Generals typically commanded field armies, lieutenant-generals corps, major-generals divisions, and brigadier-generals brigades. At the start of the war the British Army contained 9 field marshals, 19 generals, 28 lieutenant-generals, 114 major-generals, and 180 brigadier-generals. At the end of the war in 1918, the expansion of the army had seen this rise to 8 field marshals, 29 generals, 47 lieutenant-generals, 219 major-generals, and 600 brigadier-generals.[2]

Châteaux generals view

There has long been a view that British generals of the First World War were isolated from their men, issuing orders from châteaux far behind the front line with little thought for the reality in the trenches.[3][4] This view has been criticised by Davis and Maddocks among others. The role of the general officers was not to oversee troops directly but to maintain a headquarters from which they could receive information and direct the battle.[2] In the early months of the war casualties among British general officers were high; indeed in a period of nine days in late September and early October 1914 eight generals were killed, wounded, or captured, a considerable loss of leadership and command experience.[5] On 3 October 1915 following the loss of three division commanders killed in action in a week, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff Lieutenant-General William Robertson ordered corps and division commanders of the armies on the Western Front not to expose themselves to danger during battle.[6]

One of the most prominent persons to propagate the "chateau generals" view, was wartime Prime Minister David Lloyd George in his 1933 War Memoirs.[7] The view was advocated by Alan Clark's 1961 book The Donkeys and the 1964 BBC documentary series The Great War.[8]

Since the 1980s military historians including Shelford Bidwell, Tim Travers, John Terraine, and Williamson Murray have stated that rather than being châteaux generals who hid in the rear, the British Army leadership of the war were creative innovators, keen to overcome the stalemate of trench warfare.[9]

Causes of death

Funeral of Brigadier-General Francis Earl Johnston, 18 August 1917

Historians Frank Davis and Graham Maddocks published, in 1995, Bloody Red Tabs, that attempted to list all British generals killed in action, died of wounds, or as a result of active service. They found 78 general officers in these categories.[10] Although Maddocks and Davis could not find a conclusive cause of death in some cases they assessed that 34 of the deaths were caused by artillery fire, 22 by small arms fire, three from drowning, four from accidents, and one from cholera. None of the generals were killed in their châteaux (though two were wounded non-fatally there). The proportion of deaths by shell fire is lower than that for general British Army casualties and a disproportionate number killed by small arms fire, indicating a presence in the front lines.[11] A further 146 generals were either wounded or taken prisoner during the war.[12]

Comparisons

Bailey, Hatton, and Inwood (2023) report that, of those who joined the British Army in 1914, 74% of officers and 85% of other ranks survived to the end of the conflict.[13] French Marshal Ferdinand Foch listed 41 of his generals killed in action during the war, whose names were engraved on a memorial at Les Invalides.[14] A wider listing of all those mort pour la France by Gerard Gehin for Le Souvenir français gives 81 generals.[15] French historian Laurent Guillemot working from a definition similar to Foch gives numbers of 76 British, 42 French, 2 Belgian, 2 Italian, and 2 Romanian generals killed on the Allied side and around 70 German, 40 Austro-Hungarian, and 1 Ottoman on the Central Powers side.[16]

Inclusion criteria

The Commonwealth War Graves Commission list all those who "died while serving in the Commonwealth forces during the war", including those not on active duty, and their records include other general officers not listed by Davis and Maddocks.[17]

Table key
    Indicates the officer is listed in Bloody Red Tabs

Pre-armistice deaths

Field Marshals

Image Name Branch Command Date of Death Place of Death Cause of Death Ref.
Lord Roberts British Army Colonel-in-Chief of Overseas and Indian Forces in the United Kingdom 14 November 1914 Saint-Omer, France Illness [18][19]
Sir Charles Henry Brownlow Indian Army 5 April 1916 Bracknell, United Kingdom [20][21]
Lord Kitchener British Army Secretary of State for War 5 June 1916 Off Mainland, Orkney, Atlantic Ocean Killed in action [22]

Generals

Image Name Branch Command Date of Death Place of Death Cause of Death Ref.
Sir Charles Douglas
British Army Chief of the Imperial General Staff 25 October 1914 London, United Kingdom Illness [23][24]

Lieutenant-Generals

Image Name Branch Command Date of Death Place of Death Cause of Death Ref.
Sir James Grierson British Army II Corps 17 August 1914 Near Amiens, France Illness [25][26][27]
Sir William Franklyn British Army Third Army 27 October 1914 London, United Kingdom Illness [28][29][30]
Samuel Lomax British Army 1st Division 10 April 1915 London, United Kingdom Wounds received [31]
Robert George Broadwood British Army 57th (2nd West Lancashire) Division 21 June 1917 Estaires, France Wounds received [32]
Sir Pardey Lukis Indian Army Indian Medical Service 21 October 1917 Simla, India Illness [33][34][35]
Sir Stanley Maude British Army Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force 18 November 1917 Baghdad, Mesopotamia Illness [36]

Major-Generals

Image Name Branch Command Date of Death Place of Death Cause of Death Ref.
Hubert Hamilton British Army 3rd Division 14 October 1914 La Couture, France Killed in action [37]
Robert Kekewich British Army 13th (Western) Division 5 November 1914 Whimple, United Kingdom Suicide [38][39][40]
Henry Heath British Army South Midland Division 29 July 1915 London, United Kingdom Illness [41][42]
Sir William Bridges Australian Army 1st Division 18 May 1915 HMHS Gascon, Mediterranean Sea Wounds received [43]
Ralph Champney Broome Indian Army Indian Army Remount Department 26 August 1915 Colombo, Ceylon Illness [44][45][46]
Archibald Playfair Indian Army Bengal Staff Corps 10 September 1915 St Leonards-on-Sea, United Kingdom [47][48]
Sir Thompson Capper British Army 7th Division 27 September 1915 Loos, France Wounds received [49]
George Thesiger British Army 9th (Scottish) Division 27 September 1915 Auchy-les-Mines, France Killed in action [50]
Frederick Wing British Army 12th (Eastern) Division 2 October 1915 Mazingarbe, France Killed in action [51]
Malcolm Mercer Canadian Expeditionary Force 3rd Canadian Division 3 June 1916 Mount Sorrel, Belgium Killed in action [52]
Edward Ingouville-Williams British Army 34th Division 22 July 1916 Mametz, France Killed in action [53]
Sir Frederick Benson Reserve of Officers British Remount Commission in North America 20 August 1916 Montreal, Canada Illness [54][55]
Edmund Davidson Smith British Army Assistant Quartermaster General, Dublin District 8 September 1916 Hove, United Kingdom [56][57]
William Holmes Australian Army 4th Division 2 July 1917 Messines, Belgium Wounds received [58]
Edward Feetham British Army 39th Division 29 March 1918 Ignaucourt, France Killed in action [59]
Richard Hutton Davies British Army In hospital, former commander 20th (Light) Division 9 May 1918 London, United Kingdom Suicide [60][61]
William George Birrell British Army Retired due to ill health contracted on service, formerly Deputy Director Medical Services of Southern Command 23 August 1918 Lochboisdale, United Kingdom Illness [62][63][64]
Louis Lipsett Canadian Expeditionary Force 4th Division 14 October 1918 Haspres, France Killed in action [65]

Brigadier-Generals

Image Name Branch Command Date of Death Place of Death Cause of Death Ref.
Neil Douglas Findlay British Army Royal Artillery, 1st Division 10 September 1914 Priez, France Killed in action [66]
Norman McMahon British Army 4th Battalion, Royal Fusiliers[Note 1] 11 November 1914 Hooge, Belgium Killed in action [67]
Charles Fitzclarence
British Army 1st (Guards) Brigade 12 November 1914 Polygon Wood, Belgium Killed in action [68]
William Murray British Army Retired due to ill-health, formerly commander Pretoria District 2 February 1915 [69][70][71]
Richard Kelly British Army Royal Artillery, Southern Coast Defences 20 February 1915 Portsmouth, United Kingdom [72][73]
John Gough British Army 10th Brigade 22 February 1915 Estaires, France Wounds received [74]
Henry Napier British Army 88th Brigade 25 April 1915 Sedd el Bahr, Ottoman Empire Killed in action [75]
James Foster Riddell British Army 149th (Northumberland) Brigade 26 April 1915 Sint-Juliaan, Belgium Killed in action [76]
Julian Hasler British Army 11th Brigade 27 April 1915 Ypres, Belgium Killed in action [77]
Henry Normand MacLaurin Australian Army 1st Brigade[Note 2] 27 April 1915 ANZAC Cove, Ottoman Empire Killed in action [79][78]
Arthur Lowry Cole British Army 25th Brigade 9 May 1915 Aubers, France Wounds received [80]
George Colborne Nugent British Army 141st (5th London) Brigade 31 May 1915 Béthune, France Killed in action [81]
Mainwaring Jacson British Army Reserve Infantry Brigade, Portsmouth Garrison 2 June 1915 Portsmouth, United Kingdom [82][83]
Noel Lee British Army 127th (Manchester) Brigade 22 June 1915 Malta Wounds received [84]
William Scott-Moncrieff British Army 156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade 28 June 1915 Gallipoli, Ottoman Empire Killed in action [85]
Anthony Baldwin British Army 38th Brigade 10 August 1915 Chunuk Bair, Ottoman Empire Killed in action [86]
Lord Longford British Army 2nd Mounted Brigade 21 August 1915 Scimitar Hill, Ottoman Empire Killed in action [87]
Paul Aloysius Kenna British Army 3rd Mounted Brigade 30 August 1915 Suvla Bay, Ottoman Empire Wounds received [88]
Norman Nickalls British Army 63rd Brigade 26 September 1915 Loos-en-Gohelle, France Killed in action [89]
Frank Wormald British Army 5th Cavalry Brigade 3 October 1915 Vermelles, France Killed in action [90]
John Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis British Army 20th Brigade 24 October 1915 Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée, France Killed in action [91]
Hugh Fitton British Army 101st Brigade 20 January 1916 Ypres, Belgium Wounds received [92]
George Hodson Indian Army 33rd Indian Brigade 25 January 1916 Tigne Hospital, Malta Wounds received [93]
William Harvey British Army 19th (Dehra Dun) Brigade 1 February 1916 Hana, Mesopotamia Wounds received [94]
Thomas Wight-Boycott British Army 2nd South Midland Mounted Brigade 30 March 1916 London, United Kingdom Illness [95][96]
Frederick Hoghton Indian Army 17th Brigade 12 April 1916 Kut, Ottoman Empire Illness [97]
Augustus McKerrell British Army Tay Defence Garrison 24 April 1916 Dundee, United Kingdom [98][99]
Richard Menteith Greenfield British Army On the headquarters staff of Irish Command 25 April 1916 Croxley Green, United Kingdom [100][101]
Gerard Rice Indian Army 35th Indian Brigade 7 May 1916 Mesopotamia [102][103]
Frederick Heyworth British Army 3rd Guards Brigade 9 May 1916 Ypres, Belgium Killed in action [104]
Henry Buchanan Kirk British Army 93rd Brigade 12 May 1916 Le Tréport, France Illness [105][106]
Colquhoun Grant Morrison British Army President of Claims Commission 23 May 1916 Amiens, France Accident [107][108][109]
Sir Hay Donaldson British Army Chief Superintendent, Ordnance Factories 5 June 1916 Off Mainland, Orkney, Atlantic Ocean Killed in action [110]
Wilfred Ellershaw British Army Special Service Officer, War Office 5 June 1916 Off Mainland, Orkney, Atlantic Ocean Killed in action [111]
Hubert Du Cane British Army General Staff 15 June 1916 Wickham Market, United Kingdom Illness [112][113]
Charles Bertie Prowse British Army 11th Brigade 1 July 1916 Beaumont-Hamel, France Wounds received [114]
Edwin Hazelton Indian Army Indian Veterinary Corps 24 July 1916 Simla, India Illness [115][116]
Archie Stewart Buckle British Army Royal Artillery, 17th (Northern) Division 18 August 1916 Near the Somme, France Illness [117][118]
Louis Murray Phillpotts British Army Royal Artillery, 24th Division 8 September 1916 Guillemont, France Killed in action [119]
Henry Clifford British Army 149th (Northumberland) Brigade 11 September 1916 High Wood, France Killed in action [120]
Charles Stewart British Army 154th Brigade 14 September 1916 Houplines, France Killed in action [121]
Philip Howell British Army General Staff Officer, II Corps 7 October 1916 Authuille, France Killed in action [122]
Duncan Glasfurd British Army 12th Brigade 12 November 1916 Heilly, France Wounds received [123]
George Bull British Army 8th Brigade 11 December 1916 Varennes, France Wounds received [124]
Robert H. W. Dunn British Army Until 8 December 1916 commanded a reserve brigade 8 January 1917 Cheshire, United Kingdom Injuries sustained in an accident [125][126]
Lord Binning British Army President of the Territorial Force Association 12 January 1917 Prestonkirk, United Kingdom Illness [127][128]
Walter Long British Army 56th Brigade 28 January 1917 Couin, France Killed in action [129]
Francis de Gex British Army Base Commandant, Rouen 2 April 1917 Rouen, France Illness [130][131]
Charles Bulkeley-Johnson British Army 8th Cavalry Brigade 11 April 1917 Monchy-le-Preux, France Killed in action [132]
Charles Gosling British Army 10th Brigade 12 April 1917 Arras, France Killed in action [133]
Godfrey Estcourt Matthews Royal Marines (seconded to the British Army) 198th (East Lancashire) Brigade 13 April 1917 Cambrin, France Killed in action [134][135]
Vincent Ormsby Indian Army 127th (Manchester) Brigade 2 May 1917 Ronssoy, France Killed in action [136]
Arthur Roberts British Army 80th Brigade 17 May 1917 London, United Kingdom Operation [137][138]
Lewin Walton Indian Army 24 May 1917 Simla, India [139][140]
Charles Henry Brown New Zealand Military Forces 1st Brigade 8 June 1917 Messines, Belgium Killed in action [141]
Gerald Holland British Army Assistant director of Inland Water Transport, France 26 June 1917 Hastings, United Kingdom Illness [142][143]
Charles Gordon British Army 123rd Brigade 23 July 1917 Heuvelland, Belgium Killed in action [144]
John Tanner British Army Royal Engineers, VII Corps 23 July 1917 Wancourt, France Killed in action [121]
Alister Gordon British Army 153rd Brigade 31 July 1917 Ypres, Belgium Wounds received [145]
Francis Earl Johnston New Zealand Military Forces New Zealand Rifle Brigade 7 August 1917 Ploegsteert Wood, Belgium Killed in action [146]
Ronald Maclachlan British Army 112th Brigade 11 August 1917 Oostaverne, Belgium Killed in action [147]
Malcolm Peake British Army Royal Artillery, I Corps 27 August 1917 Loos, France Killed in action [148]
Francis Aylmer Maxwell British Army 27th Brigade 21 September 1917 Zonnebeke, Belgium Killed in action [149]
Cecil Rawling British Army 62nd Brigade 28 October 1917 Hooge, Belgium Killed in action [150]
Orlando Gunning Indian Army 36th Indian Brigade 14 November 1917 Wynberg, Cape Town, South Africa Wounds received [151][152][153]
Edward Stokes-Roberts British Army Director of Works, Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force 22 November 1917 Baghdad, Mesopotamia Illness [154][155]
Arthur Lowe British Army Royal Artillery, 66th Division 24 November 1917 Ypres, Belgium Killed in action [156]
Roland Bradford British Army 186th (2/2nd West Riding) Brigade 30 November 1917 Graincourt-lès-Havrincourt, France Killed in action [157]
Arthur Howell British Army
1st London Reserve Brigade
15 January 1918 Blackdown Camp, near Camberley, United Kingdom [158][159]
Gordon Strachey Shephard British Army I Brigade, Royal Flying Corps 19 January 1918 Auchel, France Accident [160]
Sir Samuel Pethebridge Australian Army Administrator of occupied German Pacific territories 25 January 1918 Canterbury, New South Wales, Australia Illness [161][162]
George Cape British Army 39th Division 18 March 1918 Ronssoy, France Killed in action [163]
Randle Barnett Barker British Army 99th Brigade 24 March 1918 Gueudecourt, France Killed in action [164]
Harry Fulton New Zealand Military Forces New Zealand Rifle Brigade 29 March 1918 Colincamps, France Wounds received [165]
Charles Campbell British Army 5th Cavalry Brigade 31 March 1918 London, United Kingdom [166][167]
George Forster British Army 42nd Brigade 4 April 1918 Aubigny, France Killed in action [168]
Robert Gore British Army 101st Brigade 13 April 1918 Mont de Lille, Belgium Killed in action [169]
Charles Richard Townley British Army 15 May 1918 Boscombe, United Kingdom [170][171]
Duncan Sayre MacInnes British Army Inspector of Mines, GHQ 23 May 1918 Étaples, France Accident [172]
Cuthbert Martin British Army 151st Brigade 27 May 1918 Aisne, France Killed in action [173]
Ralph Hamer Husey British Army 25th Brigade 30 May 1918 Aisne, France Wounds received [174]
Frederick Lumsden Royal Marines 14th Brigade 4 June 1918 Ransart, France Killed in action [175]
Wellesley Paget British Army Formerly Royal Artillery, VI Corps 11 June 1918 [176]
Alfred Lumsden British Army 46th Brigade 24 June 1918 Feuchy, France Killed in action [177]
Arthur Williams Indian Army Director of Supply and Transport, India 11 July 1918 Srinagar, India [178][179]
John Arthur Hannyngton[Note 3] Indian Army 21 August 1918 In hospital, Egypt Illness [181][182][183]
Edgar William Cox British Army Head of Intelligence, GHQ 26 August 1918 Berck, France Accident/suicide [184]
Lionel East British Army Heavy artillery, XIII Corps 6 September 1918 Ferfay, France Killed in action [185]
Lumley Jones British Army 13th Brigade 14 September 1918 Bagneux, France Illness [186][187]
Arthur Sanders British Army 50th Brigade 20 September 1918 Gouzeaucourt, France Killed in action [188]
Gilbert Follett British Army 3rd Guards Brigade 27 September 1918 Dernancourt, France Killed in action [189]
Sir William Kay British Army 3rd Brigade 4 October 1918 Magny-la-Fosse, France Killed in action [190]
Stuart Campbell Taylor British Army 93rd Brigade 11 October 1918 Mesen, Belgium Wounds received [191]
Colin Macnab British Army Retired due to ill-health contracted on service 13 October 1918 Illness [192][193]
Edward John Granet British Army Royal Artillery, 11th (Northern) Division (wounded)
Military attaché, Bern (died)
22 October 1918 Bern, Switzerland Wounds received [194]

Post-armistice deaths

The First World War is usually held to have ended with the armistice of 11 November 1918 though the peace treaties officially ending the war took some years to agree and sign. Under the Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act 1918 the end of the war was defined for general purposes by the British parliament as 31 August 1921. This is the same date that the Commonwealth War Graves Commission uses for its casualty records. The following generals of the British Empire died between the armistice and 31 August 1921.[195]

Lieutenant-Generals

Image Name Branch Command Date of death Place of death Cause of death Ref.
Sir David Henderson Royal Air Force Director-General League of Red Cross Societies 17 August 1921 Geneva, Switzerland [196][197]

Major-Generals

Image Name Branch Command Date of Death Place of Death Cause of Death Ref.
Thomas Hemming Canadian Expeditionary Force Formerly 3rd (Eastern Ontario) Military District 8 January 1919 Kingston, Canada Illness [198][199]
John Henderson Indian Army Formerly Madras Medical Service 12 April 1919 Upper Norwood, United Kingdom [200][201]
Sir William Williams Australian Army Formerly Deputy Director Army Medical Services (Australian Troops in England) 10 May 1919 No. 11 Australian General Hospital, Caulfield, Australia [202][203][204]
Sir Henry Macandrew Indian Army 5th Cavalry Division 16 July 1919 Aleppo, Ottoman Empire Accident [205][206]
Nathaniel Barnardiston
British Army British Military Mission to Portugal 18 August 1919 Felixstowe Cottage Hospital, United Kingdom Operation [207][208][209]
Sir John Sym Indian Army 3 October 1919 Edinburgh, United Kingdom [210][211]
Sir Charles Dawkins British Army Deputy Quartermaster General, GHQ 4 October 1919 Illness [212][213]
Spencer Scrase-Dickins British Army Formerly 37th Division 23 October 1919 Horsham, United Kingdom [214][215]
James Clery British Army Formerly of the Royal Army Medical Corps 10 February 1920 Blackheath, United Kingdom [216][217]
Sir David Mercer Royal Marines Adjutant General Royal Marines 1 July 1920 London, United Kingdom Operation [218][219][220]
Gunning Campbell Royal Marines Adjutant General Royal Marines 29 November 1920 London, United Kingdom [221][222]
Frederick Wadeson Indian Army 10 December 1920 Exmouth, United Kingdom [223][224]
Charles Blackader British Army Formerly 38th Division 2 April 1921 Queen Alexandra Military Hospital, United Kingdom Illness [225][226]
Charles Budworth British Army Artillery Technical Adviser, India 5 July 1921 Simla, India Illness [227][228]
Benjamin Burton British Army 6 August 1921 [229]

Brigadier-Generals

Image Name Branch Command Date of Death Place of Death Cause of Death Ref.
Ernest Pratt British Army Inspector of Infantry Home Forces 24 November 1918 Belgravia, United Kingdom [230][231]
Arthur Wolfe-Murray British Army 7 December 1918 London, United Kingdom Illness [232][233][234]
Alexander Hamilton British Army Embarkation Commandant, Southern Command 30 December 1918 Weymouth, United Kingdom [235][236]
Sir Godfrey Thomas British Army Royal Artillery, 24th Division 17 February 1919 Harlow, United Kingdom Illness [237][238][239]
John Doyle British Army Royal Artillery, III Corps 19 February 1919 Halle, Belgium Illness [240][241]
Lord Basing British Army Staff Officer for Volunteer Services 8 April 1919 Upton Grey, United Kingdom [242][243][244]
Michael Goring-Jones British Army 57th Brigade 19 May 1919 Seaview, United Kingdom [245][246]
Alfred Lovett British Army Yorkshire Coastal Defences 27 May 1919 Scarborough, United Kingdom [247][248]
John Geddes British Army Shoreham District 26 August 1919 Shoreham, United Kingdom Illness [249][250]
Alfred Ollivant British Army 31 August 1919 St James's, United Kingdom Illness [251][252]
Francis Lafferty Canadian Expeditionary Force Superintendent of Arsenals in Canada, on the Permanent Staff of the Canadian Artillery 29 November 1919 Quebec, Canada Illness [253][254][255]
Richard Helmer Canadian Expeditionary Force Director-general of musketry, Department of Militia and Defense 1 February 1920 Ottawa, Canada Illness [256][257]
Ryves Currie British Army 30 March 1920 37 Casualty Clearing Station, Danzig, East Prussia Illness [258][259]
Frederick Dawson South African Army Instructional and Administrative Staff 26 October 1920 Irangi, Kenya Illness [260][261][262]
Herbert Jennings British Army 15 January 1921 India Suicide [263][264]
Hanway Robert Cumming British Army Kerry Infantry Brigade 5 March 1921 Clonbanin, United Kingdom Killed in action [265][266]
Thomas Stanton Lambert[Note 4] British Army 13th Brigade 20 June 1921 Athlone, United Kingdom Wounds received [268][269][270]
George Milner British Army 1st Reserve Cavalry Brigade 20 June 1921 London, United Kingdom [271][272]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Awaiting a staff appointment at the time of his death.[67]
  2. ^ As a colonel, posthumously promoted to brigadier-general.[78]
  3. ^ Hannyngton held the temporary rank of major-general between 20 January and 25 February 1917[180]
  4. ^ Lambert held the temporary rank of major-general between 31 May 1918 and 14 March 1919[267]

References

  1. ^ Davis & Maddocks 1995, pp. 3–4.
  2. ^ a b Davis & Maddocks 1995, p. 4.
  3. ^ Davis & Maddocks 1995, p. 2.
  4. ^ Neillands (2004), pp. 18–19.
  5. ^ Davis & Maddocks 1995, p. 5.
  6. ^ Davis & Maddocks 1995, p. 6.
  7. ^ Davis & Maddocks 1995, p. 12.
  8. ^ Fenton, Damien (Spring 2016). "Mud, blood and misconception". New Zealand Review of Books. 26 (3): 16–17.
  9. ^ Stephenson, Scoff (September–October 2001). "Lions Led by Donkeys? Haig's Command Reappraised". Military Review. 81 (5): 112–113.
  10. ^ Davis & Maddocks 1995, p. 22.
  11. ^ Davis & Maddocks 1995, p. 23.
  12. ^ Corrigan (2012), p. 194.
  13. S2CID 255040319
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  19. required.)
  20. ^ "Field Marshal Sir Charles Henry Brownlow: War Casualty Details 648737". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
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  23. ^ Spiers (2008).
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  44. ^ "Major General Ralph Champney Broome : War Casualty Details 426511". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
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  46. ^ "Biographical Notices" (PDF). The Tonbridgian. Vol. XXII, no. 5. November 1915. p. 172.
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  50. ^ Davis & Maddocks 1995, pp. 106–107.
  51. ^ Davis & Maddocks 1995, pp. 107–108.
  52. ^ Davis & Maddocks 1995, pp. 94–96.
  53. ^ Davis & Maddocks 1995, pp. 76–78.
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  56. ^ "Major General Edmund Davidson Smith : War Casualty Details 2905909". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
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  59. ^ Davis & Maddocks 1995, pp. 57–58.
  60. ^ "Major General Richard Hutton Davies : War Casualty Details 2904945". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  61. ^ Pursehouse (2020), p. 262.
  62. ^ "Major General William George Birrell : War Casualty Details 2831046". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
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  66. ^ Davis & Maddocks 1995, pp. 58–59.
  67. ^ a b Davis & Maddocks 1995, pp. 93–94.
  68. ^ Davis & Maddocks 1995, pp. 60–61.
  69. ^ "Brigadier General William Hugh Eric Murray : War Casualty Details 668113". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  70. ^ "No. 12570". The Edinburgh Gazette. 6 June 1913. p. 599.
  71. ^ "No. 28894". The London Gazette. 8 September 1914. p. 7095.
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  254. ^ "Dies Suddenly". Calgary Herald. 1 December 1919. p. 1.
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  257. ^ "Gen. Helmer, Chief of Musketry Dept. Dies of Pneumonia". The Winnipeg Tribune. 2 February 1920. p. 11.
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  259. ^ "Currie". The Times. London. 10 April 1920. p. 1.
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  261. ^ "Mrs Dawson". The Times. London. 27 November 1920. p. 13.
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  266. ^ "Brigade Commander Killed in Ambush". The Times. London. 7 March 1921. p. 10.
  267. ^ "No. 32242". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 February 1921. p. 1682.
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  269. ^ "The Late Colonel T. S. Lambert". The Times. London. 23 June 1921. p. 18.
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