Peasant republic
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Peasant republic (a
Examples
Frisia and the Lower Elbe
The German term Bauernrepublik was originally coined to refer to autonomous districts in
Some of these peasant republics disappeared through the consolidation of power in the hands of individual farmers, enabling them to set themselves up as petty lords on the feudal model,[3] while others were annexed or conquered by neighbouring princes.[4]
The various peasant republics in
The term 'peasant republic' is sometimes applied to certain communities in Scandinavia during the Viking Age and High Middle Ages, especially in Sweden, where royal power seems to have been initially somewhat weak,[7] and in areas of modern day Sweden that were not under the rule of the Swedish king yet, as well as in Iceland where the Icelandic Commonwealth serves as an example of an unusually large and sophisticated peasant republic building on the same democratic traditions.[8] Some historians have also argued that Gotland was a peasant republic before the attack by the Danes in 1361.[9] Central for the old Scandinavian democratic traditions was the assemblies called the Thing or Moot.
The Alpine region
There are parallels between the situation in Friesland and that in the Swiss Confederation. In many of the Swiss cantons sovereignty was invested in the local farmers in the form of the Landsgemeinde, although executive authority was delegated to councils of sixty men. These free communities of Alpine farmers later joined with self-governing cities (such as Bern and Geneva) to form the Swiss Confederation, which was dominated by free farmers until the end of the 18th century.[10]
Peasant republics also existed elsewhere in the Alpine region, such as in the
Some German-language sources also speak of Bauernrepublik to describe the case of the Republic of the Escartons of Briançon, a group of mountain territories having enjoyed particular fiscal and social provisions from the 14th to the 18th centuries.[13]
See also
- Frisian Freedom
- Dithmarschen
- Icelandic Commonwealth
- Medieval commune
- Swiss Confederation
References
- ^ "Geschichtliche Entwicklung Butjadingens im Überblick" [An overview of the historical development of Butjadingen]. Gemeinde Butjadingen (in German).
- ^ Lorenz, Hans Holger (2020-11-24). "Stedinger Bauernrepublik 1204 bis 1234" [Stedinger Peasant Republic 1204 to 1234]. bauernkriege.de (in German). Retrieved 2021-12-24.
- ^ z. B. etzel-ostfriesland.de: Ine Widdeken Archived 2013-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Heimatkundlicher Arbeitskreis e. V. Weenermoor - Möhlenwarf - St. Georgiwold - Beschotenweg: "1509–2009: 500 Jahre Cosmas- und Damianflut. Die Entstehung des Dollarts. Abschnitt Nicht nur eine Naturgewalt. Menschliche Mitschuld". Archived from the original on 2012-09-11. Retrieved 2021-12-24.
- ^ Land Niedersachsen: Die Friesen
- ^ "Landsknechte fallen vor 500 Jahren ein. Freie Friesen an der Niederweser – Vortrag von Professor Dr. Bernd Ulrich Hucker" [Landsknechts invade 500 years ago. Free Frisians on the Niederweser - Lecture by Professor Dr. Bernd Ulrich Hucker]. Nordwestzeitung (in German). 16 February 2007.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Peter Sawyer: The Making of Sweden. 1988, pp.3-4
- ^ Arnulf Krause: Die Welt der Wikinger. Campus, Frankfurt/Main 2006, pp.155–158
- ^ Staecker, Jörn (2000). "Die normierte Bestattung – Gotlands Kirchfriedhöfe im Spiegel mittelalterlicher Normen und Gesetze" [The standardized burial – Gotland's church cemeteries as reflected in medieval norms and laws]. In Ruhe, Doris; Spieß, Karl-Heinz (eds.). Prozesse der Normbildung und Normveränderung im mittelalterlichen Europa [Processes of norm formation and norm change in medieval Europe] (in German). Stuttgart: Steiner. p. 149f.
- ^ Kurt Breysig (2001). Die Geschichte der Menschheit (2nd ed.). New York / Berlin: De Gruyter. Vol. 4–5. p. 202
- ^ "bregenzerwald". Bregenzerwald Tourismus (in German). Archived from the original on 19 June 2009.
- ^ Mathias Moosbrugger (7 November 2008). "Jenseits von Bauernrepublik und Bezegg. Neue Perspektiven auf die Geschichte der Gerichtsgemeinde im Hinteren Bregenzerwald" [Beyond peasant republic and Bezegg: New perspectives on the history of the justice community in the Hinter Bregenz Forest]. Lecture at the invitation of the Volkshochschule Bregenzerwald-Egg on the occasion of "200 Years of Community Organization in Vorarlberg 1808–2008" in Egg Gymnasium
- ^ Gerhard Fitzthum (17 February 2006). "Zwischen Milchstraße und Mondlandschaft". Der Freitag (in German). Retrieved 6 March 2013.
Further reading
- Jens Schmeyers: Die letzten freien Friesen zwischen Weser und Ems: Die Geschichte Butjadingens und Stadlands bis zur Schlacht an der Hartwarder Schanze. Lemwerder. Stedinger Verlag 2006