Religion in the Punjab
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Religion in the Punjab in ancient history was characterized by
Background
Hinduism is the oldest of the religions practised by Punjabi people, however, the term Hindu was applied over a vast territory with much regional diversity.[5] The historical Vedic religion constituted the religious ideas and practices in the Punjab during the Vedic period (1500–500 BCE), centered primarily in the worship of Indra.[6][7][8][note 1] The bulk of the Rigveda was composed in the Punjab region between circa 1500 and 1200 BC,[9] while later Vedic scriptures were composed more eastwards, between the Yamuna and Ganges rivers. An ancient Indian law book called the Manusmriti, developed by Brahmin Hindu priests, shaped Punjabi religious life from 200 BC onward.[10]
Later, the
The rise of Sikhism in the 1700s saw some Punjabis, both Hindu and Muslim, accepting the new Sikh faith.[10][16] A number of Punjabis during the colonial period of India became Christians, with all of these religions characterizing the religious diversity now found in the Punjab region.[10]
History
Ancient period
The Persians were the first to use the term Hindu, referring to a vast territory containing much regional variety in belief and practice. Nevertheless, the common concept was the belief in cycles of reincarnation, or sansār, and was the oldest recorded religion in the region.[10] While law books like the Manusmriti codified socio-religious customs and were sanctified by the Hindu religion, such books more generally influenced the formation of broader traditional societal beliefs.[10]
Medieval period
Sikhism appeared in the 16th century, in reaction to both Punjabi and subcontinent-wide cultural practices of the time,[10] including asceticism, the caste system, and female subordination, as well as in congruence with it, sharing precepts with Hinduism, including karma, sansār, and liberation, and that with Islam, including a formless God, rejection of idolatry, and social equality.[10] It also developed its own distinct doctrines, including the belief that both intrinsic factors (egocentrism, to be ameliorated through devotion and prayer), and external forces (social and political oppression, to be addressed by community service and armed self-defense as needed, and balancing spiritual and temporal power in the world as opposed to renunciation), produced suffering.[10]
Modern period
During the colonial era, the practice of religious syncretism among Punjabi Muslims and Punjabi Hindus was noted and documented by officials in census reports:
"In other parts of the Province, too, traces of Hindu festivals are noticeable among the Muhammadans. In the western Punjab,
Shias... they belong mostly to the Sunar caste and their connection with the sect is kept a secret, like Freemasonry. They pass as ordinary Hindus, but their devotion to the Imam is very strong."[17]: 130— Excerpts from the Census of India (Punjab Province), 1911 AD
Punjab region
Colonial era
Religious group |
Population % 1881[b] |
Population % 1891 |
Population % 1901[b] |
Population % 1911[b] |
Population % 1921 |
Population % 1931 |
Population % 1941 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Islam | 47.6% | 47.8% | 49.2% | 50.8% | 51.1% | 52.4% | 53.2% |
Hinduism[c] | 43.8% | 43.6% | 41.8% | 36.3% | 35.1% | 31.7% | 30.1% |
Sikhism | 8.2% | 8.2% | 8.5% | 11.9% | 12.4% | 14.3% | 14.9% |
Christianity | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.8% | 1.3% | 1.5% | 1.5% |
Other religions / No religion | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
Religious group |
1881[20][21][22][b] | 1901[23]: 34 [b] | 1911[24]: 27 [25]: 27 [b] | 1921[26]: 29 | 1931[27]: 277 | 1941[19]: 42 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam | 9,872,745 | 47.58% | 12,183,345 | 49.22% | 12,275,477 | 50.75% | 12,813,383 | 51.05% | 14,929,896 | 52.4% | 18,259,744 | 53.22% |
Hinduism [c] | 9,095,175 | 43.84% | 10,344,469 | 41.79% | 8,773,621 | 36.27% | 8,799,651 | 35.06% | 9,018,509 | 31.65% | 10,336,549 | 30.13% |
Sikhism | 1,706,165 | 8.22% | 2,102,896 | 8.49% | 2,883,729 | 11.92% | 3,107,296 | 12.38% | 4,071,624 | 14.29% | 5,116,185 | 14.91% |
Jainism | 42,572 | 0.21% | 49,983 | 0.2% | 46,775 | 0.19% | 41,321 | 0.16% | 43,140 | 0.15% | 45,475 | 0.13% |
Christianity | 28,054 | 0.14% | 66,591 | 0.27% | 199,751 | 0.83% | 332,939 | 1.33% | 419,353 | 1.47% | 512,466 | 1.49% |
Buddhism | 3,251 | 0.02% | 6,940 | 0.03% | 7,690 | 0.03% | 5,912 | 0.02% | 7,753 | 0.03% | 854 | 0.002% |
Zoroastrianism | 413 | 0.002% | 477 | 0.002% | 653 | 0.003% | 526 | 0.002% | 569 | 0.002% | 4,359 | 0.01% |
Judaism | — | — | 24 | 0.0001% | 54 | 0.0002% | 19 | 0.0001% | 13 | 0% | 39 | 0.0001% |
Others | 57 | 0.0003% | 12 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 13 | 0.0001% | 0 | 0% | 34,190 | 0.1% |
Total population | 20,748,432 | 100% | 24,754,737 | 100% | 24,187,750 | 100% | 25,101,060 | 100% | 28,490,857 | 100% | 34,309,861 | 100% |
Modern era
Religious group |
Punjab Region |
Punjab (Pakistan)[2] |
Punjab (India)[3] | Haryana[4] | Delhi[4] | Himachal Pradesh[4] |
Islamabad[2] | Chandigarh[4] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Population |
Percentage | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam | 114,130,322 | 60.13% | 107,541,602 | 97.77% | 535,489 | 1.93% | 1,781,342 | 7.03% | 2,158,684 | 12.86% | 149,881 | 2.18% | 1,911,877 | 95.43% | 51,447 | 4.87% |
Hinduism | 54,159,083 | 28.54% | 211,641 | 0.19% | 10,678,138 | 38.49% | 22,171,128 | 87.46% | 13,712,100 | 81.68% | 6,532,765 | 95.17% | 737 | 0.04% | 852,574 | 80.78% |
Sikhism | 18,037,312 | 9.5% | — | — | 16,004,754 | 57.69% | 1,243,752 | 4.91% | 570,581 | 3.4% | 79,896 | 1.16% | — | — | 138,329 | 13.11% |
Christianity | 2,715,952 | 1.43% | 2,063,063 | 1.88% | 348,230 | 1.26% | 50,353 | 0.2% | 146,093 | 0.87% | 12,646 | 0.18% | 86,847 | 4.34% | 8,720 | 0.83% |
Jainism | 267,649 | 0.14% | — | — | 45,040 | 0.16% | 52,613 | 0.21% | 166,231 | 0.99% | 1,805 | 0.03% | — | — | 1,960 | 0.19% |
Ahmadiyya | 160,759 | 0.08% | 158,021 | 0.14% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2,738 | 0.14% | — | — |
Buddhism | 139,019 | 0.07% | — | — | 33,237 | 0.12% | 7,514 | 0.03% | 18,449 | 0.11% | 78,659 | 1.15% | — | — | 1,160 | 0.11% |
Others | 185,720 | 0.1% | 15,328 | 0.01% | 98,450 | 0.35% | 44,760 | 0.18% | 15,803 | 0.09% | 8,950 | 0.13% | 1,169 | 0.06% | 1,260 | 0.12% |
Total population | 189,795,816 | 100% | 109,989,655 | 100% | 27,743,338 | 100% | 25,351,462 | 100% | 16,787,941 | 100% | 6,864,602 | 100% | 2,003,368 | 100% | 1,055,450 | 100% |
West Punjab
Religious group |
1881[20][21][22][28][d] | 1901[23]: 34 [29]: 62 [e] | 1911[24]: 27 [25]: 27 [f] | 1921[26]: 29 [g] | 1931[27]: 277 [h] | 1941[19]: 42 [i] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | ||
Islam | 6,201,859 | 78.09% | 7,951,155 | 76.25% | 8,494,314 | 76.49% | 8,975,288 | 75.49% | 10,570,029 | 75.28% | 13,022,160 | 75.06% | |
Hinduism [c] | 1,449,913 | 18.26% | 1,944,363 | 18.65% | 1,645,758 | 14.82% | 1,797,141 | 15.12% | 1,957,878 | 13.94% | 2,373,466 | 13.68% | |
Sikhism | 272,908 | 3.44% | 483,999 | 4.64% | 813,441 | 7.33% | 863,091 | 7.26% | 1,180,789 | 8.41% | 1,530,112 | 8.82% | |
Christianity | 12,992 | 0.16% | 42,371 | 0.41% | 144,514 | 1.3% | 247,030 | 2.08% | 324,730 | 2.31% | 395,311 | 2.28% | |
Jainism | 4,352 | 0.05% | 5,562 | 0.05% | 5,977 | 0.05% | 5,930 | 0.05% | 6,921 | 0.05% | 9,520 | 0.05% | |
Zoroastrianism | 354 | 0.004% | 300 | 0.003% | 377 | 0.003% | 309 | 0.003% | 413 | 0.003% | 312 | 0.002% | |
Buddhism | 0 | 0% | 6 | 0.0001% | 168 | 0.002% | 172 | 0.001% | 32 | 0.0002% | 87 | 0.001% | |
Judaism | — | — | 9 | 0.0001% | 36 | 0.0003% | 16 | 0.0001% | 6 | 0% | 7 | 0% | |
Others | 21 | 0.0003% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 8 | 0.0001% | 0 | 0% | 19,128 | 0.11% | |
Total Population | 7,942,399 | 100% | 10,427,765 | 100% | 11,104,585 | 100% | 11,888,985 | 100% | 14,040,798 | 100% | 17,350,103 | 100% | |
Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of Punjab, Pakistan and Islamabad Capital Territory. |
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East Punjab
Religious group |
1881[20][21][22][28][j][b] | 1901[23]: 34 [29]: 62 [k][b] | 1911[24]: 27 [25]: 27 [l][b] | 1921[26]: 29 [m] | 1931[27]: 277 [n] | 1941[19]: 42 [o] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | ||
Hinduism [c] | 7,645,262 | 59.7% | 8,400,106 | 58.63% | 7,127,863 | 54.48% | 7,002,510 | 53% | 7,060,631 | 48.86% | 7,963,083 | 46.95% | |
Islam | 3,670,886 | 28.67% | 4,232,190 | 29.54% | 3,781,163 | 28.9% | 3,838,095 | 29.05% | 4,359,867 | 30.17% | 5,237,584 | 30.88% | |
Sikhism | 1,433,257 | 11.19% | 1,618,897 | 11.3% | 2,070,288 | 15.82% | 2,244,205 | 16.99% | 2,890,835 | 20.01% | 3,586,073 | 21.14% | |
Jainism | 38,220 | 0.3% | 44,421 | 0.31% | 40,798 | 0.31% | 35,391 | 0.27% | 36,219 | 0.25% | 35,955 | 0.21% | |
Christianity | 15,062 | 0.12% | 24,220 | 0.17% | 55,237 | 0.42% | 85,909 | 0.65% | 94,623 | 0.65% | 117,155 | 0.69% | |
Buddhism | 3,251 | 0.03% | 6,934 | 0.05% | 7,522 | 0.06% | 5,740 | 0.04% | 7,721 | 0.05% | 767 | 0.005% | |
Zoroastrianism | 59 | 0.0005% | 177 | 0.001% | 276 | 0.002% | 217 | 0.002% | 156 | 0.001% | 4,047 | 0.02% | |
Judaism | — | — | 15 | 0.0001% | 18 | 0.0001% | 3 | 0% | 7 | 0% | 32 | 0.0002% | |
Others | 36 | 0.0003% | 12 | 0.0001% | 0 | 0% | 5 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 15,062 | 0.09% | |
Total Population | 12,806,033 | 100% | 14,326,972 | 100% | 13,083,165 | 100% | 13,212,075 | 100% | 14,450,059 | 100% | 16,959,758 | 100% | |
Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. |
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Subregions
Following the creation of the
- Indo−Gangetic Plain West geographical division (including Hisar district, Loharu State, Rohtak district, Dujana State, Gurgaon district, Pataudi State, Delhi, Karnal district, Jalandhar district, Kapurthala State, Ludhiana district, Malerkotla State, Firozpur district, Faridkot State, Patiala State, Jind State, Nabha State, Lahore District, Amritsar district, Gujranwala District, and Sheikhupura District);
- Himalayan geographical division (including );
- Sub−Himalayan geographical division (including Kalsia State, Hoshiarpur district, Gurdaspur district, Sialkot District, Gujrat District, Jhelum District, Rawalpindi District, and Attock District);
- North−West Dry Area geographical division (including Bahawalpur State, Muzaffargarh District, Dera Ghazi Khan District, and the Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract).
Throughout history, religious diversity has been noted across the Punjab region. During the colonial era, the various districts and princely states that made up each of the four geographical divisions were religiously eclectic, each containing significant populations of Punjabi Muslims, Punjabi Hindus, Punjabi Sikhs, Punjabi Christians, along with other ethnic and religious minorities.
However, between the censuses of 1941 and 1951, a sudden shift towards religious homogeneity occurred in all districts across Punjab owing to the new international border that cut through the province due to the partition of India in 1947. This rapid demographic shift was primarily as a consequence of wide scale migration but also caused by large-scale religious cleansing riots which were witnessed across the region at the time. According to historical demographer Tim Dyson, in the eastern regions of Punjab that ultimately became Indian Punjab following independence, districts that were 66% Hindu in 1941 became 80% Hindu in 1951; those that were 20% Sikh became 50% Sikh in 1951. Conversely, in the western regions of Punjab that ultimately became Pakistani Punjab, all districts became almost exclusively Muslim by 1951.[30]
Indo−Gangetic Plain West geographical division
Including Hisar district, Loharu State, Rohtak district, Dujana State, Gurgaon district, Pataudi State, Delhi, Karnal district, Jalandhar district, Kapurthala State, Ludhiana district, Malerkotla State, Firozpur district, Faridkot State, Patiala State, Jind State, Nabha State, Lahore District, Amritsar district, Gujranwala District, and Sheikhupura District.[19]: 48 [17]: 2
Religious group |
1881[20][21][22] | 1901[23]: 34 | 1911[24]: 27 [25]: 27 | 1921[26]: 29 | 1931[27]: 277 | 1941[19]: 42 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hinduism [c] | 4,975,901 | 48.94% | 5,825,964 | 48.64% | 4,790,624 | 43.44% | 4,735,960 | 41.37% | 4,709,545 | 36.59% | 5,314,610 | 34.43% |
Islam | 3,751,891 | 36.9% | 4,481,366 | 37.42% | 4,144,971 | 37.59% | 4,350,186 | 38% | 5,112,215 | 39.72% | 6,247,791 | 40.48% |
Sikhism | 1,390,873 | 13.68% | 1,605,457 | 13.4% | 1,993,750 | 18.08% | 2,186,429 | 19.1% | 2,816,785 | 21.88% | 3,576,659 | 23.17% |
Jainism | 36,479 | 0.36% | 41,877 | 0.35% | 39,111 | 0.35% | 33,515 | 0.29% | 34,806 | 0.27% | 34,744 | 0.23% |
Christianity | 11,729 | 0.12% | 22,103 | 0.18% | 58,462 | 0.53% | 140,104 | 1.22% | 198,081 | 1.54% | 247,028 | 1.6% |
Zoroastrianism | 139 | 0% | 299 | 0% | 412 | 0% | 318 | 0% | 314 | 0% | 235 | 0% |
Buddhism | 1 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 132 | 0% | 184 | 0% | 23 | 0% | 39 | 0% |
Judaism | — | — | 19 | 0% | 28 | 0% | 14 | 0% | 5 | 0% | 30 | 0% |
Others | 49 | 0% | 12 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 6 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 14,844 | 0.1% |
Total population[p] | 10,167,062 | 100% | 11,977,100 | 100% | 11,027,490 | 100% | 11,446,716 | 100% | 12,871,774 | 100% | 15,435,980 | 100% |
1901 census
District/ Princely State |
Hinduism | Islam | Sikhism | Jainism | Christianity | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hisar District | 544,799 | 69.69% | 202,009 | 25.84% | 28,642 | 3.66% | 6,003 | 0.77% | 253 | 0.03% | 11 | 0% | 781,717 | 100% |
Loharu State | 13,254 | 87.03% | 1,963 | 12.89% | 0 | 0% | 12 | 0.08% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 15,229 | 100% |
Rohtak District | 533,723 | 84.63% | 91,687 | 14.54% | 94 | 0.01% | 5,087 | 0.81% | 80 | 0.01% | 1 | 0% | 630,672 | 100% |
Dujana State | 18,380 | 76.03% | 5,790 | 23.95% | 4 | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 24,174 | 100% |
Gurgaon District | 499,373 | 66.92% | 242,548 | 32.5% | 99 | 0.01% | 3,909 | 0.52% | 278 | 0.04% | 1 | 0% | 746,208 | 100% |
Pataudi State | 18,281 | 83.35% | 3,549 | 16.18% | 0 | 0% | 103 | 0.47% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 21,933 | 100% |
Delhi District | 510,532 | 74.09% | 167,290 | 24.28% | 294 | 0.04% | 7,726 | 1.12% | 3,158 | 0.46% | 39 | 0.01% | 689,039 | 100% |
Karnal District | 623,597 | 70.6% | 241,412 | 27.33% | 12,294 | 1.39% | 4,739 | 0.54% | 1,179 | 0.13% | 4 | 0% | 883,225 | 100% |
Jalandhar District | 368,051 | 40.11% | 421,011 | 45.88% | 125,817 | 13.71% | 969 | 0.11% | 1,713 | 0.19% | 26 | 0% | 917,587 | 100% |
Kapurthala State | 93,652 | 29.79% | 178,326 | 56.73% | 42,101 | 13.39% | 226 | 0.07% | 39 | 0.01% | 7 | 0% | 314,351 | 100% |
Ludhiana District | 269,076 | 39.98% | 235,937 | 35.05% | 164,919 | 24.5% | 2,217 | 0.33% | 947 | 0.14% | 1 | 0% | 673,097 | 100% |
Malerkotla State | 38,409 | 49.56% | 27,229 | 35.13% | 10,495 | 13.54% | 1,361 | 1.76% | 12 | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 77,506 | 100% |
Firozpur District | 279,099 | 29.13% | 447,615 | 46.72% | 228,355 | 23.83% | 1,090 | 0.11% | 1,908 | 0.2% | 5 | 0% | 958,072 | 100% |
Faridkot State | 35,778 | 28.64% | 35,996 | 28.82% | 52,721 | 42.21% | 406 | 0.33% | 11 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 124,912 | 100% |
Patiala State | 880,490 | 55.14% | 357,334 | 22.38% | 355,649 | 22.27% | 2,877 | 0.18% | 316 | 0.02% | 26 | 0% | 1,596,692 | 100% |
Jind State | 211,963 | 75.16% | 38,717 | 13.73% | 29,975 | 10.63% | 1,258 | 0.45% | 80 | 0.03% | 10 | 0% | 282,003 | 100% |
Nabha State | 160,553 | 53.89% | 58,550 | 19.65% | 78,361 | 26.3% | 476 | 0.16% | 7 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 297,949 | 100% |
Lahore District | 276,375 | 23.78% | 717,519 | 61.74% | 159,701 | 13.74% | 1,047 | 0.09% | 7,296 | 0.63% | 171 | 0.01% | 1,162,109 | 100% |
Amritsar District | 280,985 | 27.44% | 474,976 | 46.39% | 264,329 | 25.82% | 1,439 | 0.14% | 2,078 | 0.2% | 21 | 0% | 1,023,828 | 100% |
Gujranwala District | 169,594 | 22.41% | 531,908 | 70.28% | 51,607 | 6.82% | 932 | 0.12% | 2,748 | 0.36% | 8 | 0% | 756,797 | 100% |
Total | 5,825,964 | 48.64% | 4,481,366 | 37.42% | 1,605,457 | 13.4% | 41,877 | 0.35% | 22,103 | 0.18% | 333 | 0.003% | 11,977,100 | 100% |
1911 census
District/ Princely State |
Hinduism | Islam | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hisar District | 541,720 | 67.3% | 218,600 | 27.16% | 38,508 | 4.78% | 273 | 0.03% | 5,767 | 0.72% | 21 | 0% | 804,889 | 100% |
Loharu State | 16,178 | 86.99% | 2,401 | 12.91% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 18 | 0.1% | 0 | 0% | 18,597 | 100% |
Rohtak District | 450,549 | 83.21% | 86,076 | 15.9% | 161 | 0.03% | 334 | 0.06% | 4,369 | 0.81% | 0 | 0% | 541,489 | 100% |
Dujana State | 20,161 | 79.11% | 5,324 | 20.89% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 25,485 | 100% |
Gurgaon District | 421,885 | 65.59% | 217,237 | 33.78% | 342 | 0.05% | 782 | 0.12% | 2,921 | 0.45% | 10 | 0% | 643,177 | 100% |
Pataudi State | 16,114 | 82.45% | 3,338 | 17.08% | 0 | 0% | 9 | 0.05% | 82 | 0.42% | 0 | 0% | 19,543 | 100% |
Delhi District | 469,561 | 71.4% | 171,745 | 26.12% | 2,985 | 0.45% | 5,693 | 0.87% | 7,539 | 1.15% | 81 | 0.01% | 657,604 | 100% |
Karnal District | 556,203 | 69.54% | 224,920 | 28.12% | 13,531 | 1.69% | 920 | 0.12% | 4,213 | 0.53% | 0 | 0% | 799,787 | 100% |
Jalandhar District | 265,378 | 33.09% | 357,051 | 44.52% | 176,227 | 21.98% | 2,404 | 0.3% | 842 | 0.1% | 18 | 0% | 801,920 | 100% |
Kapurthala State | 61,426 | 22.91% | 152,117 | 56.73% | 54,275 | 20.24% | 107 | 0.04% | 205 | 0.08% | 3 | 0% | 268,133 | 100% |
Ludhiana District | 131,370 | 25.4% | 176,043 | 34.04% | 207,042 | 40.03% | 888 | 0.17% | 1,849 | 0.36% | 0 | 0% | 517,192 | 100% |
Malerkotla State | 22,902 | 32.19% | 25,942 | 36.46% | 21,018 | 29.54% | 14 | 0.02% | 1,268 | 1.78% | 0 | 0% | 71,144 | 100% |
Firozpur District | 273,832 | 28.53% | 418,553 | 43.61% | 262,511 | 27.35% | 3,342 | 0.35% | 1,401 | 0.15% | 18 | 0% | 959,657 | 100% |
Faridkot State | 37,377 | 28.69% | 37,105 | 28.48% | 55,397 | 42.52% | 6 | 0% | 409 | 0.31% | 0 | 0% | 130,294 | 100% |
Patiala State | 563,940 | 40.06% | 307,384 | 21.84% | 532,292 | 37.81% | 739 | 0.05% | 3,282 | 0.23% | 22 | 0% | 1,407,659 | 100% |
Jind State | 210,222 | 77.36% | 37,520 | 13.81% | 22,566 | 8.3% | 187 | 0.07% | 1,233 | 0.45% | 0 | 0% | 271,728 | 100% |
Nabha State | 126,414 | 50.79% | 46,032 | 18.5% | 76,198 | 30.62% | 5 | 0% | 238 | 0.1% | 0 | 0% | 248,887 | 100% |
Lahore District | 217,609 | 21% | 626,271 | 60.44% | 169,008 | 16.31% | 21,781 | 2.1% | 1,139 | 0.11% | 350 | 0.03% | 1,036,158 | 100% |
Amritsar District | 211,708 | 24.04% | 408,882 | 46.43% | 253,941 | 28.83% | 4,763 | 0.54% | 1,386 | 0.16% | 48 | 0.01% | 880,728 | 100% |
Gujranwala District | 176,075 | 19.07% | 622,430 | 67.4% | 107,748 | 11.67% | 16,215 | 1.76% | 950 | 0.1% | 1 | 0% | 923,419 | 100% |
Total | 4,790,624 | 43.44% | 4,144,971 | 37.59% | 1,993,750 | 18.08% | 58,462 | 0.53% | 39,111 | 0.35% | 572 | 0.01% | 11,027,490 | 100% |
1921 census
District/ Princely State |
Hinduism | Islam | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hisar District | 548,351 | 67.13% | 215,943 | 26.44% | 45,615 | 5.58% | 1,024 | 0.13% | 5,874 | 0.72% | 3 | 0% | 816,810 | 100% |
Loharu State | 17,978 | 87.18% | 2,625 | 12.73% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 18 | 0.09% | 0 | 0% | 20,621 | 100% |
Rohtak District | 629,592 | 81.52% | 125,035 | 16.19% | 602 | 0.08% | 10,033 | 1.3% | 7,010 | 0.91% | 0 | 0% | 772,272 | 100% |
Dujana State | 20,135 | 77.94% | 5,698 | 22.06% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 25,833 | 100% |
Gurgaon District | 460,134 | 67.47% | 216,860 | 31.8% | 924 | 0.14% | 1,316 | 0.19% | 2,762 | 0.4% | 7 | 0% | 682,003 | 100% |
Pataudi State | 15,090 | 83.38% | 2,898 | 16.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 109 | 0.6% | 0 | 0% | 18,097 | 100% |
Karnal District | 573,224 | 69.17% | 235,618 | 28.43% | 12,280 | 1.48% | 3,382 | 0.41% | 4,222 | 0.51% | 0 | 0% | 828,726 | 100% |
Jalandhar District | 244,995 | 29.79% | 366,586 | 44.57% | 206,130 | 25.06% | 4,088 | 0.5% | 736 | 0.09% | 9 | 0% | 822,544 | 100% |
Kapurthala State | 58,412 | 20.55% | 160,457 | 56.44% | 64,074 | 22.54% | 1,100 | 0.39% | 228 | 0.08% | 4 | 0% | 284,275 | 100% |
Ludhiana District | 135,512 | 23.87% | 192,961 | 33.99% | 235,721 | 41.53% | 1,613 | 0.28% | 1,796 | 0.32% | 19 | 0% | 567,622 | 100% |
Malerkotla State | 29,459 | 36.68% | 28,413 | 35.37% | 21,828 | 27.18% | 37 | 0.05% | 585 | 0.73% | 0 | 0% | 80,322 | 100% |
Firozpur District | 306,350 | 27.89% | 482,540 | 43.94% | 302,761 | 27.57% | 5,365 | 0.49% | 1,211 | 0.11% | 21 | 0% | 1,098,248 | 100% |
Faridkot State | 38,610 | 25.63% | 44,813 | 29.74% | 66,658 | 44.24% | 107 | 0.07% | 473 | 0.31% | 0 | 0% | 150,661 | 100% |
Patiala State | 642,055 | 42.81% | 330,341 | 22.03% | 522,675 | 34.85% | 1,395 | 0.09% | 3,249 | 0.22% | 24 | 0% | 1,499,739 | 100% |
Jind State | 234,721 | 76.16% | 43,251 | 14.03% | 28,026 | 9.09% | 637 | 0.21% | 1,548 | 0.5% | 0 | 0% | 308,183 | 100% |
Nabha State | 133,870 | 50.84% | 50,756 | 19.27% | 78,389 | 29.77% | 41 | 0.02% | 278 | 0.11% | 0 | 0% | 263,334 | 100% |
Lahore District | 255,690 | 22.6% | 647,640 | 57.25% | 179,975 | 15.91% | 46,454 | 4.11% | 1,209 | 0.11% | 368 | 0.03% | 1,131,336 | 100% |
Amritsar District | 204,435 | 22% | 423,724 | 45.59% | 287,004 | 30.88% | 12,773 | 1.37% | 1,375 | 0.15% | 63 | 0.01% | 929,374 | 100% |
Gujranwala District | 101,566 | 16.29% | 443,147 | 71.06% | 50,802 | 8.15% | 27,308 | 4.38% | 754 | 0.12% | 4 | 0% | 623,581 | 100% |
Sheikhupura District | 85,781 | 16.4% | 330,880 | 63.25% | 82,965 | 15.86% | 23,431 | 4.48% | 78 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 523,135 | 100% |
Total | 4,735,960 | 41.37% | 4,350,186 | 38% | 2,186,429 | 19.1% | 140,104 | 1.22% | 33,515 | 0.29% | 522 | 0.005% | 11,446,716 | 100% |
1931 census
District/ Princely State |
Islam | Hinduism [c] | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hisar District | 253,784 | 28.21% | 583,429 | 64.86% | 55,169 | 6.13% | 1,107 | 0.12% | 5,988 | 0.67% | 2 | 0% | 899,479 | 100% |
Loharu State | 3,119 | 13.36% | 20,198 | 86.55% | 2 | 0.01% | 1 | 0% | 18 | 0.08% | 0 | 0% | 23,338 | 100% |
Rohtak District | 137,880 | 17.11% | 655,963 | 81.42% | 596 | 0.07% | 4,807 | 0.6% | 6,375 | 0.79% | 0 | 0% | 805,621 | 100% |
Dujana State | 5,863 | 20.78% | 22,347 | 79.2% | 1 | 0% | 5 | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 28,216 | 100% |
Gurgaon District | 242,357 | 32.74% | 493,174 | 66.63% | 500 | 0.07% | 1,463 | 0.2% | 2,665 | 0.36% | 4 | 0% | 740,163 | 100% |
Pataudi State | 3,168 | 16.79% | 15,596 | 82.64% | 1 | 0.01% | 3 | 0.02% | 105 | 0.56% | 0 | 0% | 18,873 | 100% |
Karnal District | 259,730 | 30.46% | 570,297 | 66.89% | 16,928 | 1.99% | 1,469 | 0.17% | 4,190 | 0.49% | 0 | 0% | 852,614 | 100% |
Jalandhar District | 419,556 | 44.46% | 268,822 | 28.49% | 249,571 | 26.45% | 4,323 | 0.46% | 1,379 | 0.15% | 70 | 0.01% | 943,721 | 100% |
Kapurthala State | 179,251 | 56.59% | 64,319 | 20.31% | 72,177 | 22.79% | 983 | 0.31% | 27 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 316,757 | 100% |
Ludhiana District | 235,598 | 35.03% | 120,161 | 17.87% | 312,829 | 46.52% | 2,477 | 0.37% | 1,419 | 0.21% | 10 | 0% | 672,494 | 100% |
Malerkotla State | 31,417 | 37.82% | 21,252 | 25.58% | 28,982 | 34.89% | 135 | 0.16% | 1,286 | 1.55% | 0 | 0% | 83,072 | 100% |
Firozpur District | 515,430 | 44.56% | 244,688 | 21.15% | 388,108 | 33.55% | 7,070 | 0.61% | 1,411 | 0.12% | 25 | 0% | 1,156,732 | 100% |
Faridkot State | 49,912 | 30.37% | 20,855 | 12.69% | 92,880 | 56.51% | 167 | 0.1% | 550 | 0.33% | 0 | 0% | 164,364 | 100% |
Patiala State | 363,920 | 22.39% | 623,597 | 38.36% | 632,972 | 38.94% | 1,449 | 0.09% | 3,578 | 0.22% | 4 | 0% | 1,625,520 | 100% |
Jind State | 46,002 | 14.17% | 243,561 | 75.02% | 33,290 | 10.25% | 210 | 0.06% | 1,613 | 0.5% | 0 | 0% | 324,676 | 100% |
Nabha State | 57,393 | 19.96% | 132,354 | 46.02% | 97,452 | 33.89% | 66 | 0.02% | 309 | 0.11% | 0 | 0% | 287,574 | 100% |
Lahore District | 815,820 | 59.18% | 259,725 | 18.84% | 244,304 | 17.72% | 57,097 | 4.14% | 1,450 | 0.11% | 174 | 0.01% | 1,378,570 | 100% |
Amritsar District | 524,676 | 46.97% | 174,556 | 15.63% | 399,951 | 35.8% | 16,619 | 1.49% | 1,272 | 0.11% | 46 | 0% | 1,117,120 | 100% |
Gujranwala District | 521,343 | 70.82% | 92,764 | 12.6% | 71,595 | 9.73% | 49,364 | 6.71% | 1,071 | 0.15% | 1 | 0% | 736,138 | 100% |
Sheikhupura District | 445,996 | 64.01% | 81,887 | 11.75% | 119,477 | 17.15% | 49,266 | 7.07% | 100 | 0.01% | 6 | 0% | 696,732 | 100% |
Total | 5,112,215 | 39.72% | 4,709,545 | 36.59% | 2,816,785 | 21.88% | 198,081 | 1.54% | 34,806 | 0.27% | 342 | 0.003% | 12,871,774 | 100% |
1941 census
District/ Princely State |
Islam | Hinduism [c] | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hisar District | 285,208 | 28.33% | 652,842 | 64.85% | 60,731 | 6.03% | 1,292 | 0.13% | 6,126 | 0.61% | 510 | 0.05% | 1,006,709 | 100% |
Loharu State | 3,960 | 14.2% | 23,923 | 85.77% | 7 | 0.03% | 2 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 27,892 | 100% |
Rohtak District | 166,569 | 17.42% | 780,474 | 81.61% | 1,466 | 0.15% | 1,043 | 0.11% | 6,847 | 0.72% | 0 | 0% | 956,399 | 100% |
Dujana State | 6,939 | 22.63% | 23,727 | 77.37% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 30,666 | 100% |
Gurgaon District | 285,992 | 33.59% | 560,537 | 65.83% | 637 | 0.07% | 1,673 | 0.2% | 2,613 | 0.31% | 6 | 0% | 851,458 | 100% |
Pataudi State | 3,655 | 16.98% | 17,728 | 82.38% | 0 | 0% | 9 | 0.04% | 128 | 0.59% | 0 | 0% | 21,520 | 100% |
Karnal District | 304,346 | 30.6% | 666,301 | 66.99% | 19,887 | 2% | 1,249 | 0.13% | 2,789 | 0.28% | 3 | 0% | 994,575 | 100% |
Jalandhar District | 509,804 | 45.23% | 311,010 | 27.59% | 298,741 | 26.5% | 6,233 | 0.55% | 1,395 | 0.12% | 7 | 0% | 1,127,190 | 100% |
Kapurthala State | 213,754 | 56.49% | 61,546 | 16.27% | 88,350 | 23.35% | 1,667 | 0.44% | 380 | 0.1% | 12,683 | 3.35% | 378,380 | 100% |
Ludhiana District | 302,482 | 36.95% | 171,715 | 20.98% | 341,175 | 41.68% | 1,913 | 0.23% | 1,279 | 0.16% | 51 | 0.01% | 818,615 | 100% |
Malerkotla State | 33,881 | 38.45% | 23,482 | 26.65% | 30,320 | 34.41% | 116 | 0.13% | 310 | 0.35% | 0 | 0% | 88,109 | 100% |
Firozpur District | 641,448 | 45.07% | 287,733 | 20.22% | 479,486 | 33.69% | 12,607 | 0.89% | 1,674 | 0.12% | 128 | 0.01% | 1,423,076 | 100% |
Faridkot State | 61,352 | 30.79% | 21,814 | 10.95% | 115,070 | 57.74% | 247 | 0.12% | 800 | 0.4% | 0 | 0% | 199,283 | 100% |
Patiala State | 436,539 | 22.55% | 597,488 | 30.86% | 896,021 | 46.28% | 1,592 | 0.08% | 3,101 | 0.16% | 1,518 | 0.08% | 1,936,259 | 100% |
Jind State | 50,972 | 14.09% | 268,355 | 74.17% | 40,981 | 11.33% | 161 | 0.04% | 1,294 | 0.36% | 49 | 0.01% | 361,812 | 100% |
Nabha State | 70,373 | 20.45% | 146,518 | 42.59% | 122,451 | 35.59% | 221 | 0.06% | 480 | 0.14% | 1 | 0% | 344,044 | 100% |
Lahore District | 1,027,772 | 60.62% | 284,689 | 16.79% | 310,646 | 18.32% | 70,147 | 4.14% | 1,951 | 0.12% | 170 | 0.01% | 1,695,375 | 100% |
Amritsar District | 657,695 | 46.52% | 217,431 | 15.38% | 510,845 | 36.13% | 25,973 | 1.84% | 1,911 | 0.14% | 21 | 0% | 1,413,876 | 100% |
Gujranwala District | 642,706 | 70.45% | 108,115 | 11.85% | 99,139 | 10.87% | 60,829 | 6.67% | 1,445 | 0.16% | 0 | 0% | 912,234 | 100% |
Sheikhupura District | 542,344 | 63.62% | 89,182 | 10.46% | 160,706 | 18.85% | 60,054 | 7.04% | 221 | 0.03% | 1 | 0% | 852,508 | 100% |
Total | 6,247,791 | 40.48% | 5,314,610 | 34.43% | 3,576,659 | 23.17% | 247,028 | 1.6% | 34,744 | 0.23% | 15,148 | 0.1% | 15,435,980 | 100% |
Himalayan geographical division
Including
Religious group |
1881[20][21][22] | 1901[23]: 34 | 1911[24]: 27 [25]: 27 | 1921[26]: 29 | 1931[27]: 277 | 1941[19]: 42 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hinduism [c] | 1,458,481 | 94.74% | 1,598,853 | 94.6% | 1,630,084 | 94.53% | 1,642,176 | 94.5% | 1,729,008 | 94.42% | 1,929,634 | 94.76% |
Islam | 70,642 | 4.59% | 76,480 | 4.53% | 74,205 | 4.3% | 77,425 | 4.46% | 82,711 | 4.52% | 87,485 | 4.3% |
Christianity | 3,840 | 0.25% | 3,415 | 0.2% | 4,400 | 0.26% | 4,471 | 0.26% | 2,586 | 0.14% | 2,129 | 0.1% |
Buddhism | 3,250 | 0.21% | 6,931 | 0.41% | 7,518 | 0.44% | 5,718 | 0.33% | 7,705 | 0.42% | 614 | 0.03% |
Sikhism | 2,680 | 0.17% | 3,897 | 0.23% | 7,894 | 0.46% | 7,610 | 0.44% | 8,948 | 0.49% | 12,245 | 0.6% |
Jainism | 536 | 0.03% | 483 | 0.03% | 358 | 0.02% | 356 | 0.02% | 291 | 0.02% | 425 | 0.02% |
Zoroastrianism | 4 | 0% | 7 | 0% | 18 | 0% | 40 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 3,895 | 0.19% |
Judaism | — | — | 0 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
Others | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 4 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0% |
Total population[p] | 1,539,433 | 100% | 1,690,066 | 100% | 1,724,480 | 100% | 1,737,801 | 100% | 1,831,253 | 100% | 2,036,428 | 100% |
1901 census
District/ Princely State |
Hinduism | Islam | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Nahan State | 128,478 | 94.69% | 6,414 | 4.73% | 688 | 0.51% | 46 | 0.03% | 61 | 0.04% | 0 | 0% | 135,687 | 100% |
Simla District
|
30,299 | 75.09% | 6,675 | 16.54% | 544 | 1.35% | 2,798 | 6.93% | 32 | 0.08% | 3 | 0.01% | 40,351 | 100% |
Simla Hill States
|
373,886 | 96.03% | 11,535 | 2.96% | 1,318 | 0.34% | 113 | 0.03% | 274 | 0.07% | 2,223 | 0.57% | 389,349 | 100% |
Kangra District | 722,554 | 94.07% | 39,672 | 5.16% | 1,220 | 0.16% | 385 | 0.05% | 113 | 0.01% | 4,180 | 0.54% | 768,124 | 100% |
Mandi State | 170,304 | 97.85% | 3,187 | 1.83% | 41 | 0.02% | 3 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 510 | 0.29% | 174,045 | 100% |
Suket State | 54,005 | 98.77% | 665 | 1.22% | 6 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 54,676 | 100% |
Chamba State | 119,327 | 93.35% | 8,332 | 6.52% | 80 | 0.06% | 70 | 0.05% | 3 | 0% | 22 | 0.02% | 127,834 | 100% |
Total | 1,598,853 | 94.6% | 76,480 | 4.53% | 3,897 | 0.23% | 3,415 | 0.2% | 483 | 0.03% | 6,938 | 0.41% | 1,690,066 | 100% |
1911 census
District/ Princely State |
Hinduism | Islam | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Nahan State | 130,276 | 94.05% | 6,016 | 4.34% | 2,142 | 1.55% | 37 | 0.03% | 49 | 0.04% | 0 | 0% | 138,520 | 100% |
Simla District
|
29,047 | 73.87% | 5,820 | 14.8% | 693 | 1.76% | 3,666 | 9.32% | 49 | 0.12% | 45 | 0.11% | 39,320 | 100% |
Simla Hill States
|
386,953 | 95.7% | 11,374 | 2.81% | 2,911 | 0.72% | 224 | 0.06% | 172 | 0.04% | 2,709 | 0.67% | 404,343 | 100% |
Kangra District | 725,156 | 94.13% | 38,859 | 5.04% | 1,910 | 0.25% | 386 | 0.05% | 81 | 0.01% | 3,994 | 0.52% | 770,386 | 100% |
Mandi State | 178,115 | 98.35% | 2,799 | 1.55% | 26 | 0.01% | 4 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 164 | 0.09% | 181,110 | 100% |
Suket State | 54,268 | 98.8% | 587 | 1.07% | 71 | 0.13% | 2 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 54,928 | 100% |
Chamba State | 126,269 | 92.93% | 8,750 | 6.44% | 141 | 0.1% | 81 | 0.06% | 5 | 0% | 627 | 0.46% | 135,873 | 100% |
Total | 1,630,084 | 94.53% | 74,205 | 4.3% | 7,894 | 0.46% | 4,400 | 0.26% | 358 | 0.02% | 7,539 | 0.44% | 1,724,480 | 100% |
1921 census
District/ Princely State |
Hinduism | Islam | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Nahan State | 132,431 | 94.29% | 6,449 | 4.59% | 1,449 | 1.03% | 44 | 0.03% | 65 | 0.05% | 10 | 0.01% | 140,448 | 100% |
Simla District
|
33,228 | 73.31% | 6,953 | 15.34% | 1,173 | 2.59% | 3,823 | 8.43% | 90 | 0.2% | 60 | 0.13% | 45,327 | 100% |
Simla Hill States
|
292,768 | 95.45% | 9,551 | 3.11% | 2,040 | 0.67% | 164 | 0.05% | 142 | 0.05% | 2,053 | 0.67% | 306,718 | 100% |
Bilaspur State | 96,000 | 97.96% | 1,559 | 1.59% | 437 | 0.45% | 4 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 98,000 | 100% |
Kangra District | 722,277 | 94.28% | 38,263 | 4.99% | 2,083 | 0.27% | 363 | 0.05% | 56 | 0.01% | 3,023 | 0.39% | 766,065 | 100% |
Mandi State | 181,358 | 98.01% | 3,462 | 1.87% | 142 | 0.08% | 10 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 76 | 0.04% | 185,048 | 100% |
Suket State | 53,625 | 98.71% | 659 | 1.21% | 44 | 0.08% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 54,328 | 100% |
Chamba State | 130,489 | 91.98% | 10,529 | 7.42% | 242 | 0.17% | 63 | 0.04% | 3 | 0% | 541 | 0.38% | 141,867 | 100% |
Total | 1,642,176 | 94.5% | 77,425 | 4.46% | 7,610 | 0.44% | 4,471 | 0.26% | 356 | 0.02% | 5,763 | 0.33% | 1,737,801 | 100% |
1931 census
District/ Princely State |
Hinduism [c] | Islam | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Sirmoor State | 139,031 | 93.58% | 7,020 | 4.73% | 2,413 | 1.62% | 52 | 0.04% | 52 | 0.04% | 0 | 0% | 148,568 | 100% |
Simla District
|
28,661 | 77.91% | 5,810 | 15.79% | 760 | 2.07% | 1,540 | 4.19% | 1 | 0% | 14 | 0.04% | 36,786 | 100% |
Simla Hill States
|
317,390 | 95.93% | 10,017 | 3.03% | 1,817 | 0.55% | 176 | 0.05% | 141 | 0.04% | 1,309 | 0.4% | 330,850 | 100% |
Bilaspur State | 99,023 | 98.05% | 1,458 | 1.44% | 507 | 0.5% | 6 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 100,994 | 100% |
Kangra District | 752,098 | 93.86% | 40,483 | 5.05% | 2,396 | 0.3% | 576 | 0.07% | 94 | 0.01% | 5,665 | 0.71% | 801,312 | 100% |
Mandi State | 199,935 | 96.37% | 6,351 | 3.06% | 899 | 0.43% | 141 | 0.07% | 0 | 0% | 139 | 0.07% | 207,465 | 100% |
Suket State | 57,616 | 98.64% | 733 | 1.25% | 44 | 0.08% | 1 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 14 | 0.02% | 58,408 | 100% |
Chamba State | 135,254 | 92.09% | 10,839 | 7.38% | 112 | 0.08% | 94 | 0.06% | 3 | 0% | 568 | 0.39% | 146,870 | 100% |
Total | 1,729,008 | 94.42% | 82,711 | 4.52% | 8,948 | 0.49% | 2,586 | 0.14% | 291 | 0.02% | 7,709 | 0.42% | 1,831,253 | 100% |
1941 census
District/ Princely State |
Hinduism [c] | Islam | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Sirmoor State | 146,199 | 93.7% | 7,374 | 4.73% | 2,334 | 1.5% | 38 | 0.02% | 81 | 0.05% | 0 | 0% | 156,026 | 100% |
Simla District
|
29,466 | 76.38% | 7,022 | 18.2% | 1,032 | 2.68% | 934 | 2.42% | 114 | 0.3% | 8 | 0.02% | 38,576 | 100% |
Simla Hill States
|
345,716 | 96.16% | 10,812 | 3.01% | 2,693 | 0.75% | 161 | 0.04% | 126 | 0.04% | 12 | 0% | 359,520 | 100% |
Bilaspur State | 108,375 | 98.22% | 1,498 | 1.36% | 453 | 0.41% | 7 | 0.01% | 3 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 110,336 | 100% |
Kangra District | 846,531 | 94.12% | 43,249 | 4.81% | 4,809 | 0.53% | 788 | 0.09% | 101 | 0.01% | 3,899 | 0.43% | 899,377 | 100% |
Mandi State | 227,463 | 97.79% | 4,328 | 1.86% | 583 | 0.25% | 11 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 208 | 0.09% | 232,593 | 100% |
Suket State | 69,974 | 98.43% | 884 | 1.24% | 234 | 0.33% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 71,092 | 100% |
Chamba State | 155,910 | 92.3% | 12,318 | 7.29% | 107 | 0.06% | 190 | 0.11% | 0 | 0% | 383 | 0.23% | 168,908 | 100% |
Total | 1,929,634 | 94.76% | 87,485 | 4.3% | 12,245 | 0.6% | 2,129 | 0.1% | 425 | 0.02% | 4,510 | 0.22% | 2,036,428 | 100% |
Sub−Himalayan geographical division
Including
Religious group |
1881[20][21][22] | 1901[23]: 34 | 1911[24]: 27 [25]: 27 | 1921[26]: 29 | 1931[27]: 277 | 1941[19]: 42 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam | 3,511,174 | 58.8% | 3,741,759 | 60.62% | 3,551,989 | 61.19% | 3,587,246 | 61.44% | 4,009,166 | 61.99% | 4,751,911 | 62.32% |
Hinduism [c] | 2,159,634 | 36.17% | 2,042,505 | 33.09% | 1,588,097 | 27.36% | 1,556,703 | 26.66% | 1,565,034 | 24.2% | 1,799,915 | 23.6% |
Sikhism | 284,592 | 4.77% | 350,587 | 5.68% | 565,596 | 9.74% | 570,759 | 9.78% | 753,168 | 11.65% | 906,802 | 11.89% |
Christianity | 10,363 | 0.17% | 29,930 | 0.48% | 92,524 | 1.59% | 117,172 | 2.01% | 132,500 | 2.05% | 155,386 | 2.04% |
Jainism | 5,231 | 0.09% | 7,278 | 0.12% | 6,695 | 0.12% | 6,866 | 0.12% | 7,299 | 0.11% | 9,172 | 0.12% |
Zoroastrianism | 200 | 0% | 117 | 0% | 152 | 0% | 111 | 0% | 76 | 0% | 141 | 0% |
Buddhism | 0 | 0% | 6 | 0% | 11 | 0% | 8 | 0% | 22 | 0% | 171 | 0% |
Judaism | — | — | 5 | 0% | 17 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 7 | 0% | 6 | 0% |
Others | 1 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1,681 | 0.02% |
Total population[p] | 5,971,195 | 100% | 6,172,187 | 100% | 5,805,081 | 100% | 5,838,869 | 100% | 6,467,272 | 100% | 7,625,185 | 100% |
1901 census
District/ Princely State |
Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Ambala District | 240,710 | 29.5% | 510,105 | 62.52% | 58,073 | 7.12% | 4,362 | 0.53% | 2,614 | 0.32% | 16 | 0% | 815,880 | 100% |
Kalsia State
|
21,921 | 32.63% | 38,626 | 57.5% | 6,453 | 9.61% | 0 | 0% | 181 | 0.27% | 0 | 0% | 67,181 | 100% |
Hoshiarpur District | 312,958 | 31.62% | 603,710 | 60.99% | 71,126 | 7.19% | 813 | 0.08% | 1,173 | 0.12% | 2 | 0% | 989,782 | 100% |
Gurdaspur District | 463,371 | 49.28% | 380,636 | 40.48% | 91,756 | 9.76% | 4,471 | 0.48% | 72 | 0.01% | 28 | 0% | 940,334 | 100% |
Sialkot District | 716,953 | 66.15% | 302,012 | 27.86% | 50,982 | 4.7% | 11,939 | 1.1% | 2,008 | 0.19% | 15 | 0% | 1,083,909 | 100% |
Gujrat District | 655,838 | 87.38% | 69,346 | 9.24% | 24,893 | 3.32% | 460 | 0.06% | 11 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 750,548 | 100% |
Jhelum District | 526,725 | 88.67% | 51,801 | 8.72% | 15,070 | 2.54% | 271 | 0.05% | 151 | 0.03% | 0 | 0% | 594,018 | 100% |
Rawalpindi District | 803,283 | 86.32% | 86,269 | 9.27% | 32,234 | 3.46% | 7,614 | 0.82% | 1,068 | 0.11% | 67 | 0.01% | 930,535 | 100% |
Total | 3,741,759 | 60.62% | 2,042,505 | 33.09% | 350,587 | 5.68% | 29,930 | 0.48% | 7,278 | 0.12% | 128 | 0.002% | 6,172,187 | 100% |
1911 census
District/ Princely State |
Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Ambala District | 205,203 | 29.74% | 380,592 | 55.16% | 94,471 | 13.69% | 7,483 | 1.08% | 2,187 | 0.32% | 34 | 0% | 689,970 | 100% |
Kalsia State
|
18,820 | 33.66% | 30,640 | 54.8% | 6,258 | 11.19% | 31 | 0.06% | 160 | 0.29% | 0 | 0% | 55,909 | 100% |
Hoshiarpur District | 281,805 | 30.68% | 498,642 | 54.28% | 134,146 | 14.6% | 2,978 | 0.32% | 998 | 0.11% | 0 | 0% | 918,569 | 100% |
Gurdaspur District | 408,216 | 48.78% | 284,017 | 33.94% | 121,078 | 14.47% | 23,365 | 2.79% | 73 | 0.01% | 22 | 0% | 836,771 | 100% |
Sialkot District | 604,801 | 61.74% | 242,325 | 24.74% | 81,761 | 8.35% | 48,620 | 4.96% | 2,029 | 0.21% | 17 | 0% | 979,553 | 100% |
Gujrat District | 650,893 | 87.29% | 49,430 | 6.63% | 44,693 | 5.99% | 570 | 0.08% | 48 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 745,634 | 100% |
Jhelum District | 452,260 | 88.41% | 34,261 | 6.7% | 24,436 | 4.78% | 450 | 0.09% | 163 | 0.03% | 5 | 0% | 511,575 | 100% |
Rawalpindi District | 458,101 | 83.62% | 48,449 | 8.84% | 31,839 | 5.81% | 8,320 | 1.52% | 1,028 | 0.19% | 90 | 0.02% | 547,827 | 100% |
Attock District | 471,890 | 90.88% | 19,741 | 3.8% | 26,914 | 5.18% | 707 | 0.14% | 9 | 0% | 12 | 0% | 519,273 | 100% |
Total | 3,551,989 | 61.19% | 1,588,097 | 27.36% | 565,596 | 9.74% | 92,524 | 1.59% | 6,695 | 0.12% | 180 | 0.003% | 5,805,081 | 100% |
1921 census
District/ Princely State |
Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Ambala District | 205,750 | 30.19% | 370,125 | 54.31% | 97,614 | 14.32% | 5,679 | 0.83% | 2,272 | 0.33% | 37 | 0.01% | 681,477 | 100% |
Kalsia State
|
20,394 | 35.55% | 28,769 | 50.15% | 8,014 | 13.97% | 4 | 0.01% | 190 | 0.33% | 0 | 0% | 57,371 | 100% |
Hoshiarpur District | 289,298 | 31.19% | 500,339 | 53.95% | 132,958 | 14.34% | 3,745 | 0.4% | 1,079 | 0.12% | 0 | 0% | 927,419 | 100% |
Gurdaspur District | 422,877 | 49.62% | 258,823 | 30.37% | 137,625 | 16.15% | 32,832 | 3.85% | 20 | 0% | 15 | 0% | 852,192 | 100% |
Sialkot District | 580,532 | 61.9% | 217,912 | 23.24% | 74,939 | 7.99% | 62,266 | 6.64% | 2,147 | 0.23% | 27 | 0% | 937,823 | 100% |
Gujrat District | 709,684 | 86.12% | 62,529 | 7.59% | 49,456 | 6% | 2,373 | 0.29% | 4 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 824,046 | 100% |
Jhelum District | 422,979 | 88.66% | 34,837 | 7.3% | 18,626 | 3.9% | 430 | 0.09% | 195 | 0.04% | 1 | 0% | 477,068 | 100% |
Rawalpindi District | 470,038 | 82.58% | 57,185 | 10.05% | 31,718 | 5.57% | 9,286 | 1.63% | 954 | 0.17% | 43 | 0.01% | 569,224 | 100% |
Attock District | 465,694 | 90.91% | 26,184 | 5.11% | 19,809 | 3.87% | 557 | 0.11% | 5 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 512,249 | 100% |
Total | 3,587,246 | 61.44% | 1,556,703 | 26.66% | 570,759 | 9.78% | 117,172 | 2.01% | 6,866 | 0.12% | 123 | 0.002% | 5,838,869 | 100% |
1931 census
District/ Princely State |
Islam | Hinduism [c] | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Ambala District | 230,837 | 31.07% | 346,809 | 46.68% | 155,555 | 20.94% | 7,141 | 0.96% | 2,550 | 0.34% | 10 | 0% | 742,902 | 100% |
Kalsia State
|
21,797 | 36.42% | 28,832 | 48.18% | 9,035 | 15.1% | 22 | 0.04% | 162 | 0.27% | 0 | 0% | 59,848 | 100% |
Hoshiarpur District | 328,078 | 31.78% | 526,182 | 50.98% | 173,147 | 16.77% | 3,764 | 0.36% | 1,016 | 0.1% | 0 | 0% | 1,032,187 | 100% |
Gurdaspur District | 493,216 | 50.8% | 255,949 | 26.36% | 178,471 | 18.38% | 43,243 | 4.45% | 15 | 0% | 4 | 0% | 970,898 | 100% |
Sialkot District | 609,633 | 62.23% | 206,421 | 21.07% | 94,955 | 9.69% | 66,365 | 6.77% | 2,236 | 0.23% | 7 | 0% | 979,617 | 100% |
Gujrat District | 786,750 | 85.29% | 73,356 | 7.95% | 59,188 | 6.42% | 3,097 | 0.34% | 32 | 0% | 4 | 0% | 922,427 | 100% |
Jhelum District | 482,097 | 89.1% | 36,068 | 6.67% | 22,030 | 4.07% | 672 | 0.12% | 209 | 0.04% | 0 | 0% | 541,076 | 100% |
Rawalpindi District | 524,965 | 82.76% | 59,485 | 9.38% | 41,265 | 6.51% | 7,486 | 1.18% | 1,077 | 0.17% | 79 | 0.01% | 634,357 | 100% |
Attock District | 531,793 | 91.07% | 31,932 | 5.47% | 19,522 | 3.34% | 710 | 0.12% | 2 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 583,960 | 100% |
Total | 4,009,166 | 61.99% | 1,565,034 | 24.2% | 753,168 | 11.65% | 132,500 | 2.05% | 7,299 | 0.11% | 105 | 0.002% | 6,467,272 | 100% |
1941 census
District/ Princely State |
Islam | Hinduism [c] | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Ambala District | 268,999 | 31.73% | 412,658 | 48.68% | 156,543 | 18.47% | 6,065 | 0.72% | 3,065 | 0.36% | 415 | 0.05% | 847,745 | 100% |
Kalsia State
|
25,049 | 37.17% | 29,866 | 44.32% | 12,235 | 18.15% | 55 | 0.08% | 188 | 0.28% | 0 | 0% | 67,393 | 100% |
Hoshiarpur District | 380,759 | 32.53% | 584,080 | 49.91% | 198,194 | 16.93% | 6,165 | 0.53% | 1,125 | 0.1% | 0 | 0% | 1,170,323 | 100% |
Gurdaspur District | 589,923 | 51.14% | 290,774 | 25.21% | 221,261 | 19.18% | 51,522 | 4.47% | 25 | 0% | 6 | 0% | 1,153,511 | 100% |
Sialkot District | 739,218 | 62.09% | 231,319 | 19.43% | 139,409 | 11.71% | 75,831 | 6.37% | 3,250 | 0.27% | 1,470 | 0.12% | 1,190,497 | 100% |
Gujrat District | 945,609 | 85.58% | 84,643 | 7.66% | 70,233 | 6.36% | 4,449 | 0.4% | 10 | 0% | 8 | 0% | 1,104,952 | 100% |
Jhelum District | 563,033 | 89.42% | 40,888 | 6.49% | 24,680 | 3.92% | 893 | 0.14% | 159 | 0.03% | 5 | 0% | 629,658 | 100% |
Rawalpindi District | 628,193 | 80% | 82,478 | 10.5% | 64,127 | 8.17% | 9,014 | 1.15% | 1,337 | 0.17% | 82 | 0.01% | 785,231 | 100% |
Attock District | 611,128 | 90.42% | 43,209 | 6.39% | 20,120 | 2.98% | 1,392 | 0.21% | 13 | 0% | 13 | 0% | 675,875 | 100% |
Total | 4,751,911 | 62.32% | 1,799,915 | 23.6% | 906,802 | 11.89% | 155,386 | 2.04% | 9,172 | 0.12% | 1,999 | 0.03% | 7,625,185 | 100% |
North−West Dry Area geographical division
Including
Religious group |
1881[20][21][22] | 1901[23]: 34 | 1911[24]: 27 [25]: 27 | 1921[26]: 29 | 1931[27]: 277 | 1941[19]: 42 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam | 2,539,038 | 82.68% | 3,883,740 | 79.01% | 4,504,312 | 80% | 4,798,526 | 78.95% | 5,725,804 | 78.22% | 7,172,557 | 77.86% |
Hinduism [c] | 501,159 | 16.32% | 877,147 | 17.84% | 764,816 | 13.58% | 864,812 | 14.23% | 1,014,922 | 13.86% | 1,292,390 | 14.03% |
Sikhism | 28,020 | 0.91% | 142,955 | 2.91% | 316,489 | 5.62% | 342,498 | 5.64% | 492,723 | 6.73% | 620,479 | 6.74% |
Christianity | 2,122 | 0.07% | 11,143 | 0.23% | 44,365 | 0.79% | 71,192 | 1.17% | 86,186 | 1.18% | 107,923 | 1.17% |
Jainism | 326 | 0.01% | 345 | 0.01% | 611 | 0.01% | 584 | 0.01% | 744 | 0.01% | 1,134 | 0.01% |
Zoroastrianism | 70 | 0% | 54 | 0% | 71 | 0% | 57 | 0% | 176 | 0% | 88 | 0% |
Buddhism | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 29 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 30 | 0% |
Judaism | — | — | 0 | 0% | 6 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 3 | 0% |
Others | 7 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 17,664 | 0.19% |
Total population[p] | 3,070,742 | 100% | 4,915,384 | 100% | 5,630,699 | 100% | 6,077,674 | 100% | 7,320,558 | 100% | 9,212,268 | 100% |
1901 census
District/ Princely State |
Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Montgomery District | 334,474 | 72.15% | 109,945 | 23.72% | 19,092 | 4.12% | 66 | 0.01% | 8 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 463,586 | 100% |
Shahpur District | 442,921 | 84.49% | 68,489 | 13.06% | 12,756 | 2.43% | 91 | 0.02% | 2 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 524,259 | 100% |
Mianwali District | 371,674 | 87.54% | 50,202 | 11.82% | 2,633 | 0.62% | 44 | 0.01% | 35 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 424,588 | 100% |
Lyallpur District
|
484,657 | 61.2% | 210,459 | 26.58% | 88,049 | 11.12% | 8,672 | 1.1% | 23 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 791,861 | 100% |
Jhang District | 295,481 | 78.03% | 79,650 | 21.03% | 3,526 | 0.93% | 38 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 378,695 | 100% |
Multan District | 570,254 | 80.25% | 133,560 | 18.79% | 4,662 | 0.66% | 1,964 | 0.28% | 134 | 0.02% | 52 | 0.01% | 710,626 | 100% |
Muzaffargarh District | 350,177 | 86.32% | 52,221 | 12.87% | 3,225 | 0.8% | 33 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 405,656 | 100% |
Dera Ghazi Khan District | 412,012 | 87.45% | 57,815 | 12.27% | 1,027 | 0.22% | 152 | 0.03% | 143 | 0.03% | 0 | 0% | 471,149 | 100% |
Bahawalpur State
|
598,139 | 82.97% | 114,670 | 15.91% | 7,985 | 1.11% | 83 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 720,877 | 100% |
Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract | 23,951 | 99.44% | 136 | 0.56% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 24,087 | 100% |
Total | 3,883,740 | 79.01% | 877,147 | 17.84% | 142,955 | 2.91% | 11,143 | 0.23% | 345 | 0.01% | 54 | 0.001% | 4,915,384 | 100% |
1911 census
District/ Princely State |
Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Montgomery District | 399,723 | 74.67% | 66,803 | 12.48% | 68,175 | 12.74% | 581 | 0.11% | 13 | 0% | 4 | 0% | 535,299 | 100% |
Shahpur District | 572,565 | 83.3% | 72,695 | 10.58% | 33,456 | 4.87% | 8,616 | 1.25% | 5 | 0% | 29 | 0% | 687,366 | 100% |
Mianwali District | 299,971 | 87.87% | 36,326 | 10.64% | 4,881 | 1.43% | 168 | 0.05% | 31 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 341,377 | 100% |
Lyallpur District
|
524,288 | 61.13% | 154,603 | 18.03% | 146,670 | 17.1% | 32,023 | 3.73% | 125 | 0.01% | 2 | 0% | 857,711 | 100% |
Jhang District | 422,468 | 81.95% | 73,426 | 14.24% | 19,427 | 3.77% | 201 | 0.04% | 4 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 515,526 | 100% |
Multan District | 665,488 | 81.67% | 126,603 | 15.54% | 19,881 | 2.44% | 2,441 | 0.3% | 394 | 0.05% | 64 | 0.01% | 814,871 | 100% |
Muzaffargarh District | 494,915 | 86.91% | 68,158 | 11.97% | 6,322 | 1.11% | 60 | 0.01% | 1 | 0% | 5 | 0% | 569,461 | 100% |
Dera Ghazi Khan District | 442,234 | 88.47% | 56,485 | 11.3% | 1,042 | 0.21% | 76 | 0.02% | 23 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 499,860 | 100% |
Bahawalpur State
|
654,247 | 83.81% | 109,548 | 14.03% | 16,630 | 2.13% | 199 | 0.03% | 15 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 780,641 | 100% |
Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract | 28,413 | 99.39% | 169 | 0.59% | 5 | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 28,587 | 100% |
Total | 4,504,312 | 80% | 764,816 | 13.58% | 316,489 | 5.62% | 44,365 | 0.79% | 611 | 0.01% | 106 | 0.002% | 5,630,699 | 100% |
1921 census
District/ Princely State |
Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Montgomery District | 513,055 | 71.88% | 94,791 | 13.28% | 95,520 | 13.38% | 10,408 | 1.46% | 12 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 713,786 | 100% |
Shahpur District | 596,100 | 82.8% | 82,182 | 11.42% | 30,361 | 4.22% | 11,270 | 1.57% | 3 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 719,918 | 100% |
Mianwali District | 308,876 | 86.23% | 45,974 | 12.83% | 2,986 | 0.83% | 369 | 0.1% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 358,205 | 100% |
Lyallpur District
|
594,917 | 60.74% | 181,488 | 18.53% | 160,821 | 16.42% | 42,004 | 4.29% | 231 | 0.02% | 2 | 0% | 979,463 | 100% |
Jhang District | 475,388 | 83.32% | 85,339 | 14.96% | 9,376 | 1.64% | 449 | 0.08% | 7 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 570,559 | 100% |
Multan District | 731,605 | 82.18% | 134,013 | 15.05% | 18,562 | 2.08% | 6,006 | 0.67% | 28 | 0% | 50 | 0.01% | 890,264 | 100% |
Muzaffargarh District | 493,369 | 86.79% | 69,878 | 12.29% | 4,869 | 0.86% | 356 | 0.06% | 6 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 568,478 | 100% |
Dera Ghazi Khan District | 411,431 | 87.72% | 56,346 | 12.01% | 932 | 0.2% | 47 | 0.01% | 296 | 0.06% | 0 | 0% | 469,052 | 100% |
Bahawalpur State
|
647,207 | 82.85% | 114,621 | 14.67% | 19,071 | 2.44% | 283 | 0.04% | 1 | 0% | 8 | 0% | 781,191 | 100% |
Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract | 26,578 | 99.33% | 180 | 0.67% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 26,758 | 100% |
Total | 4,798,526 | 78.95% | 864,812 | 14.23% | 342,498 | 5.64% | 71,192 | 1.17% | 584 | 0.01% | 62 | 0.001% | 6,077,674 | 100% |
1931 census
District/ Princely State |
Islam | Hinduism [c] | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Montgomery District | 697,542 | 69.77% | 136,783 | 13.68% | 148,155 | 14.82% | 17,245 | 1.72% | 38 | 0% | 9 | 0% | 999,772 | 100% |
Shahpur District | 679,546 | 82.72% | 90,561 | 11.02% | 40,074 | 4.88% | 11,294 | 1.37% | 14 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 821,490 | 100% |
Mianwali District | 357,109 | 86.77% | 49,794 | 12.1% | 4,231 | 1.03% | 380 | 0.09% | 20 | 0% | 5 | 0% | 411,539 | 100% |
Lyallpur District
|
720,996 | 62.62% | 173,344 | 15.06% | 211,391 | 18.36% | 45,518 | 3.95% | 95 | 0.01% | 7 | 0% | 1,151,351 | 100% |
Jhang District | 552,853 | 83.16% | 102,990 | 15.49% | 8,476 | 1.27% | 494 | 0.07% | 0 | 0% | 20 | 0% | 664,833 | 100% |
Multan District | 942,937 | 80.26% | 182,029 | 15.49% | 39,453 | 3.36% | 9,924 | 0.84% | 440 | 0.04% | 117 | 0.01% | 1,174,900 | 100% |
Muzaffargarh District | 513,265 | 86.79% | 72,577 | 12.27% | 5,287 | 0.89% | 246 | 0.04% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 591,375 | 100% |
Dera Ghazi Khan District | 432,911 | 88.16% | 57,217 | 11.65% | 760 | 0.15% | 31 | 0.01% | 125 | 0.03% | 0 | 0% | 491,044 | 100% |
Bahawalpur State
|
799,176 | 81.17% | 149,454 | 15.18% | 34,896 | 3.54% | 1,054 | 0.11% | 12 | 0% | 20 | 0% | 984,612 | 100% |
Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract | 29,469 | 99.42% | 173 | 0.58% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 29,642 | 100% |
Total | 5,725,804 | 78.22% | 1,014,922 | 13.86% | 492,723 | 6.73% | 86,186 | 1.18% | 744 | 0.01% | 179 | 0.002% | 7,320,558 | 100% |
1941 census
District/ Princely State |
Islam | Hinduism [c] | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others[q] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Montgomery District | 918,564 | 69.11% | 210,966 | 15.87% | 175,064 | 13.17% | 24,432 | 1.84% | 49 | 0% | 28 | 0% | 1,329,103 | 100% |
Shahpur District | 835,918 | 83.68% | 102,172 | 10.23% | 48,046 | 4.81% | 12,770 | 1.28% | 13 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 998,921 | 100% |
Mianwali District | 436,260 | 86.16% | 62,814 | 12.41% | 6,865 | 1.36% | 358 | 0.07% | 23 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 506,321 | 100% |
Lyallpur District
|
877,518 | 62.85% | 204,059 | 14.61% | 262,737 | 18.82% | 51,948 | 3.72% | 35 | 0% | 8 | 0% | 1,396,305 | 100% |
Jhang District | 678,736 | 82.61% | 129,889 | 15.81% | 12,238 | 1.49% | 763 | 0.09% | 5 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 821,631 | 100% |
Multan District | 1,157,911 | 78.01% | 249,872 | 16.83% | 61,628 | 4.15% | 14,290 | 0.96% | 552 | 0.04% | 80 | 0.01% | 1,484,333 | 100% |
Muzaffargarh District | 616,074 | 86.42% | 90,643 | 12.72% | 5,882 | 0.83% | 227 | 0.03% | 0 | 0% | 23 | 0% | 712,849 | 100% |
Dera Ghazi Khan District | 512,678 | 88.19% | 67,407 | 11.59% | 1,072 | 0.18% | 87 | 0.01% | 106 | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 581,350 | 100% |
Bahawalpur State
|
1,098,814 | 81.93% | 174,408 | 13% | 46,945 | 3.5% | 3,048 | 0.23% | 351 | 0.03% | 17,643 | 1.32% | 1,341,209 | 100% |
Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract | 40,084 | 99.6% | 160 | 0.4% | 2 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 40,246 | 100% |
Total | 7,172,557 | 77.86% | 1,292,390 | 14.03% | 620,479 | 6.74% | 107,923 | 1.17% | 1,134 | 0.01% | 17,785 | 0.19% | 9,212,268 | 100% |
See also
- Punjabi folk religion
- Hinduism
- Sikhism
- Islam
- Buddhism
- Jainism (see Bhabra for a Punjabi community that follows Jainism)
- West Punjab
- Punjab, Pakistan
- East Punjab
- Punjab, India
- Haryana
- Himachal Pradesh
References
- ISBN 978-81-87746-09-6.
- ^ a b c d e "TABLE 9 - POPULATION BY SEX, RELIGION AND RURAL/URBAN" (PDF). Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Population by religion community – 2011". The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Population by religion community – 2011". Census of India, 2011. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-7735-4070-5.
- ^ Wheeler, James Talboys (1874). The History of India from the Earliest Ages: Hindu Buddhist Brahmanical revival. N. Trübner. p. 330.
The Punjab, to say the least, was less Brahmanical. It was an ancient centre of the worship of Indra, who was always regarded as an enemy by the Bráhmans; and it was also a stronghold of Buddhism.
- ISBN 978-1-136-38301-4.
In the settlements of the Punjab, Indra thus advanced to the first place among the Vedic divinities.
- ISBN 978-1-108-42811-8.
The Rig Veda and the Upanishads, which belonged to the Vedic religion, were a precursor of Hinduism, both of which were composed in Punjab.
- ISBN 978-0-521-43878-0.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7735-4070-5.
- ^ "In ancient Punjab, religion was fluid, not watertight, says Romila Thapar". The Indian Express. 2019-05-03.
Thapar said Buddhism was very popular in Punjab during the Mauryan and post-Mauryan period. Bookended between Gandhara in Taxila on the one side where Buddhism was practised on a large scale and Mathura on another side where Buddhism, Jainism and Puranic religions were practised, this religion flourished in the state. But after the Gupta period, Buddhism began to decline.
- ISBN 978-0-19-971354-7.were the majority in the region and an elaborate network of mosques and mausoleums marked the landscape. Local converts constituted the majority of this Muslim community, and as far for the mechanisms of conversion, the sources of the period emphasize the recitation of the Islamic confession of faith (shahada), the performance of the circumcision (indri vaddani), and the ingestion of cow-meat (bhas khana).
First, Islam was introduced into the southern Punjab in the opening decades of the eighth century. By the sixteenth century, Muslims
- ^ Chhabra, G. S. (1968). Advanced History of the Punjab: Guru and post-Guru period upto Ranjit Singh. New Academic Publishing Company. p. 37.
- ISBN 978-0-19-971354-7.
While Punjabi Hindu society was relatively well established, there was also a small but vibrant Jain community in the Punjab. Buddhist communities, however, had largely disappeared by the turn of the tenth century.
- ISBN 978-1-5275-5748-2.
With the Muslim conquest of Punjab there was a flow of Sufis and other preachers who came to spread Islam. Much of the advance of Islam was due to these preachers.
- ISBN 978-1-134-04946-2.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 1, Report". Retrieved 21 July 2022.
- ^ Krishan, Gopal (2004). "Demography of the Punjab (1849–1947)" (PDF). Journal of Punjab Studies. 11 (1): 77–89.
- ^ JSTOR saoa.crl.28215541. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
- ^ JSTOR saoa.crl.25057656. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- ^ JSTOR saoa.crl.25057657. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- ^ JSTOR saoa.crl.25057658. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- ^ JSTOR saoa.crl.25363739. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
- ^ JSTOR saoa.crl.25393788. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Kaul, Harikishan (1911). "Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II". Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ JSTOR saoa.crl.25430165. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
- ^ JSTOR saoa.crl.25793242. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
- ^ a b "Gazetteers Of Gurdaspur District, 1883-84". 1884. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- ^ a b "Punjab District Gazetteers Gurdaspur District Vol.21 Statistical Tables". 1913. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
- ^ Dyson 2018, pp. 188–189.
- ^ 2017 Pakistani census with religious data amalgamated from Punjab, India, Punjab, Pakistan, Haryana, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Islamabad, and Chandigarh.[2][3][4]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Including Delhi district, which was later made into a separate province in 1912, following the transfer from Calcutta to Delhi as capital of India in 1911.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p 1931 & 1941 censuses: Including Ad-Dharmis
- ^ 1881 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Lahore, Sialkot, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Shahpur, Jhelum, Rawalpindi, Montgomery, Jhang, Multan, Muzaffargargh, Dera Ghazi Khan), one tehsil (Shakargarh – then part of Gurdaspur District), and one princely state (Bahawalpur) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1881 census data here: [20][21][22]
Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included Bahawalpur. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is Punjab, Pakistan. - Lyallpur (inscribed as the Chenab Colony on the 1901 census), Jhang, Multan, Muzaffargargh, Dera Ghazi Khan), one tehsil (Shakargarh – then part of Gurdaspur District), one princely state (Bahawalpur), and one tract (Biloch Trans–Frontier) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1901 census data here: [23]: 34.
Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included Bahawalpur. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is Punjab, Pakistan - Lyallpur, Jhang, Multan, Muzaffargargh, Dera Ghazi Khan), one tehsil (Shakargarh – then part of Gurdaspur District), one princely state (Bahawalpur), and one tract (Biloch Trans–Frontier) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1911 census data here: [24]: 27 [25]: 27.
Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included Bahawalpur. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is Punjab, Pakistan - Lyallpur, Jhang, Multan, Muzaffargargh, Dera Ghazi Khan), one tehsil (Shakargarh – then part of Gurdaspur District), one princely state (Bahawalpur), and one tract (Biloch Trans–Frontier) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1921 census data here: [26]: 29.
Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included Bahawalpur. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is Punjab, Pakistan - Lyallpur, Jhang, Multan, Muzaffargargh, Dera Ghazi Khan), one tehsil (Shakargarh – then part of Gurdaspur District), one princely state (Bahawalpur), and one tract (Biloch Trans–Frontier) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1931 census data here: [27]: 277.
Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included Bahawalpur. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is Punjab, Pakistan - Lyallpur, Jhang, Multan, Muzaffargargh, Dera Ghazi Khan), one tehsil (Shakargarh – then part of Gurdaspur District), one princely state (Bahawalpur), and one tract (Biloch Trans–Frontier) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1941 census data here: [19]: 42.
Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included Bahawalpur. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is Punjab, Pakistan - Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.
- Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.
- Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.
- Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.
- Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.
- Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.
- ^ a b c d See total breakdowns in tables below.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Including Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
Notes
- ^ Michaels (2004, p. 38): "The legacy of the Vedic religion in Hinduism is generally overestimated. The influence of the mythology is indeed great, but the religious terminology changed considerably: all the key terms of Hinduism either do not exist in Vedic or have a completely different meaning. The religion of the Veda does not know the ethicised migration of the soul with retribution for acts (karma), the cyclical destruction of the world, or the idea of salvation during one's lifetime (jivanmukti; moksa; nirvana); the idea of the world as illusion (maya) must have gone against the grain of ancient India, and an omnipotent creator god emerges only in the late hymns of the rgveda. Nor did the Vedic religion know a caste system, the burning of widows, the ban on remarriage, images of gods and temples, Puja worship, Yoga, pilgrimages, vegetarianism, the holiness of cows, the doctrine of stages of life (asrama), or knew them only at their inception. Thus, it is justified to see a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions."
Jamison, Stephanie; Witzel, Michael (1992). "Vedic Hinduism" (PDF). Harvard University. p. 3.: "... to call this period Vedic Hinduism is a contradictio in terminis since Vedic religion is very different from what we generally call Hindu religion – at least as much as Old Hebrew religion is from medieval and modern Christian religion. However, Vedic religion is treatable as a predecessor of Hinduism."
See also Halbfass 1991, pp. 1–2
Bibliography
- Dyson, Tim (2018), A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8
- Halbfass, Wilhelm (1991), Tradition and Reflection: Explorations in Indian Thought, State University of New York Press, ISBN 0-7914-0362-9
- Michaels, Alex (2004) [1998], Hinduism: Past and Present, translated by Barbara Harshaw, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0691089523