Radio Televisyen Malaysia: Difference between revisions

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The amount of local programming on RTM's TV1 and TV2 in 1986 were 65%.<ref name=boost />
The amount of local programming on RTM's TV1 and TV2 in 1986 were 65%.<ref name=boost />

On 14 June 1987, RTM slightly reduced the broadcasting hours of its television channels, particularly removing the midnight movie slot, saving the broadcaster about RM 2 million a year. <ref>{{cite news |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19870615-1.2.16.23}}</ref>


Over 200 million people tuned in to RTM's broadcasts in Asean countries in 1987.<ref>{{cite news |title=200 m switch on to RTM |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19871021-1.2.25.7 |access-date=12 December 2023 |work=The Straits Times |date=21 October 1987}}</ref>
Over 200 million people tuned in to RTM's broadcasts in Asean countries in 1987.<ref>{{cite news |title=200 m switch on to RTM |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19871021-1.2.25.7 |access-date=12 December 2023 |work=The Straits Times |date=21 October 1987}}</ref>

Revision as of 05:03, 21 December 2023

Radio Televisyen Malaysia
IndustryMass media
Predecessors
  • Radio Malaya (later Radio Malaysia; 1946–1969)
  • Televisyen Malaysia (1963–1969)
Founded1 April 1946; 78 years ago (1946-04-01)
HeadquartersAngkasapuri,
Kuala Lumpur
,
Malaysia
Area served
Nationwide
Asia (via satellite)
Key people
Suhaimi Sulaiman (Director-General)
Products
Services
  • Television
  • radio
  • online
Owner
Parent
Ministry of Communications and Digital Malaysia
Websitewww.rtm.gov.my

Radio Televisyen Malaysia (English: Radio Television of Malaysia, abbreviated as RTM, stylised as rtm), also known as the Department of Broadcasting, Malaysia (

public broadcaster of Malaysia. Established on 1 April 1946 as Radio Malaya, it is the first and the oldest broadcaster in the country.[2] After Malaysia was formed on 16 September 1963, Radio Malaya was renamed Radio Malaysia. On 28 December that year, television service in Malaysia began with the establishment of Televisyen Malaysia. In 1969, Radio Malaysia and Televisyen Malaysia merged to form the present-day broadcast department.[3]

It forms part of the mass media triopoly in the country along with Media Prima and Astro. RTM monopolised the free-to-air television until 1984 and also radio until 1988, when private television and radio stations such as TV3 and Best FM began operations. Currently, it operates 6 television channels and 34 radio stations nationwide.[4] Unlike the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), which is a statutory corporation with a royal charter, RTM is a department under direct government control via a ministry.[5]

Since its formation in 1946, RTM has played a prominent role in Malaysian life and culture.[1][6] Much like the BBC and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), RTM also commissioned TV programs and contents that aired on its TV channels, but produced by third parties apart of produced by RTM itself. It also owns Orkestra RTM, which was established in 1961 and touted as the oldest musical orchestra in Malaysia.

History

1921–1946: The birth of local broadcasting

History of local broadcasting in Malaysia began in 1921 when an electrical engineer from the Johor Government, A.L. Birch, brought the first radio set into British Malaya. He then established the Johor Wireless Association in 1923 and commenced broadcasting through 300 meter waves. Similar associations were also established in Penang (Penang Wireless Association) in 1925 and in Kuala Lumpur (Malayan Wireless Association) in 1928.[7][8]

In 1930, Sir Earl from the Singapore Port Authority commenced its short wave broadcast every fortnight either on Sundays or Wednesdays. The same effort was emulated by the Malayan Wireless Association, broadcasting from Bukit Petaling, Kuala Lumpur, via 325 meter waves. Penang Wireless Association led by Khoo Sian Ewe launched Station ZHJ – Malaya's first radio station on 24 August 1934, which operates out of

British crown on 1 June 1936 as a radio network.[9] On 1 March 1937, Sir Shenton Thomas opened the BMBC Studio and its transmitter at Caldecott Hill in Singapore. The Corporation was taken over by the Straits Settlements Government in 1940, subsequently nationalised and reorganised as the Malaya Broadcasting Corporation and was placed under the British Department of Information.[10][11]

During World War II in 1942, the Imperial Japanese Army occupied British Malaya and used the existing radio channels in Penang, Malacca, Kuala Lumpur, Seremban and Singapore to transmit Japanese propaganda. Malaya Broadcasting Corporation was renamed Syonan Hoso Kyoku ('Light of the South' Broadcasting Corporation), the local counterpart to the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (Nippon Hoso Kyokai, NHK for short). Meanwhile, the Radio Station in Penang was renamed Penang Hoso Kyoku (Penang Broadcasting Corporation).[12] After the war, the British came back into power and reclaimed the radio station, with the station managed by the interim government – British Military Administration (BMA).[13]

1946–1969: Early history

On 1 April 1946, Radio Malaya or Department of Broadcasting of Malaya was established at Caldecott Hill in Singapore. Apart from its headquarters in Singapore, it also had broadcast stations in cities and towns across Malaya such as Penang, Kuala Lumpur, Seremban and Malacca. Radio Malaya consists of five language services – Malay, Aslian, English, Chinese and Tamil language, the latter three became known as the Blue, Green and Red Networks in 1959.[14] Blue, Green and Red Networks were also used to refer to regional stations and programmings and radio broadcastings were done using amplitude modulation (AM) or short and medium wave transmissions during those times.[15][16][17]

In the British Crown Colonies of North Borneo (now Sabah) and Sarawak, Radio Sarawak was launched on 7 June 1954, while Radio Sabah was launched on 9 November 1955 after test broadcast since 1952. These two radio stations offers language services in Malay, Chinese and English, in addition to the native languages of Iban for Sarawak and Kadazan for Sabah.[18][19]

With the independence of Malaya on 31 August 1957, Radio Malaya was split into two separate stations: the original studios in Singapore were taken over by a new station called Radio Singapura and Radio Malaya moved to Kuala Lumpur going on air from the new location – the 5th to 6th floor of the Federal House on 1 January 1959.[20] It would be later renamed Radio Malaysia on 16 September 1963, with the transmissions beginning with its trademark words Inilah Radio Malaysia (This is Radio Malaysia) on the day the Malaysia of today, a federation which consists of the States of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore (until 1965) was born. On the same day, Radio Sabah, Radio Sarawak and Radio Singapura became part of the Radio Malaysia network as state stations for Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore listeners respectively. Radio Malaysia's flagship international shortwave radio service, Voice of Malaysia (Malay: Suara Malaysia, VOM) was launched on 15 February the same year to promote the country, with three languages in the beginning: English, Mandarin and Indonesian.

Television services under the name Televisyen Malaysia or Malaysia Television (Malaysia TV) started on 28 December 1963 in time for the national New Year celebrations in Kuala Lumpur and regional telecasts in the Klang Valley in Selangor state, with its first studios being located in Jalan Ampang.[21][22][23][4] The then 10-month-old Television Singapura (launched on 15 February 1963) became part of Televisyen Malaysia in January 1964 as its state station for Singapore viewers, a role served until 1965, when Singapore became independent. During its time as part of Malaysia, Singapore like its three other partners–Sabah, Sarawak and Malaya had its own radio network, but it was the only state to have its own television network. The state's radio and television broadcast right were included as an annex in the Malaysia Agreement, which it garnered autonomy in this area, among others.

Upon joining Radio Malaysia, Radio Sabah consisted of two language networks: the main Malay language network and the Blue Network for Kadazan, Murut, Dusun, Bajau, English and Mandarin language. Radio Sarawak on the other hand, consisted of four language networks: the main Malay language network, the Blue network for Bidayuh language, the Green network for Iban and Kayan/Kenyah languages and the Red network for English, Mandarin, Bisaya and Murut language programming.[18][19]

1969–2001: Merger and expansion of radio and television operations

Radio and Television operations merged on 11 October 1969 as the new Angkasapuri headquarters was inaugurated. Thus Radio Malaysia and Televisyen Malaysia's identities merged to become Radio Televisyen Malaysia, abbreviated as RTM. A second TV station opened on 17 November in the same year as its rebranding.[4] On 19 April 1971, Radio Malaysia's Malay language unit became the first radio station to broadcast 24 hours a day nationwide, thus becoming National Network (Malay: Rangkaian Nasional) in the process. On 5 November 1973, RTM launched a radio station named Radio Ibu Kota (Capital City Radio) specifically for the capital city of Kuala Lumpur. On 20 June 1975, Radio Malaysia's first Stereo FM format radio station went on the air, mainly broadcast pop music and initially focus on the Klang Valley area.[24][25]

By 31 August 1978, Voice of Malaysia had expanded its broadcast to include 5 other language services namely Thai (1 January 1972), Arab (1 November 1972), Tagalog (22 October 1973), Burmese and Malay. On 17 April 1995, an international Islamic service called Voice of Islam was added to the Voice of Malaysia network and broadcasts in English and Malay languages.[26][27] All language services were transmitted from Kajang, Selangor, except for Tagalog service which was transmitted from Tuaran, Sabah.

Radio Malaysia went off the air for a few days during the recent floods.[28]

To smoothen the transition to colour television, RTM began producing documentaries in colour in mid-1978.[29] RTM began transmission tests of colour television in early September 1978. The two outdoor broadcasting vans, imported from the United Kingdom, arrived in mid-September 1978. [30] RTM would also air monthly live programmes in colour in 1979, aimed at a youth audience.[31]

Following the construction of earth satellite stations in

Hari Merdeka). RTM began broadcasting in colour since 28 December 1978 in Peninsular Malaysia and 31 August 1980 in East Malaysia. TV1 was the first channel to broadcast in colour, followed by TV2 on 7 May 1979. RTM used to have a third TV station solely for Sabah which was launched on 28 December 1971. However, it ceased to air by mid-1985 after TV2 made its debut in East Malaysia on 31 August 1983.[32] Between 1972 and 1999, Televisyen Malaysia shared time with TV Pendidikan – the national education channel in the daytime. TV1 introduced daytime transmissions on 1 March 1994,[33][34]
thus resulting in TV Pendidikan ceased broadcasting on TV1, while TV2 introduced daytime transmissions in 2000.

Advertising on RTM as of 1982 was up to five minutes an hour on television and seven minutes on radio. At that time RTM only air commercials between programmes.[35]

RTM began introducing a new format for its television news broadcasts on 18 October 1982, introducing a two-newscaster format, aiming at improving news presentation.[36]

RTM's news division was reorganised in 1984. It also had plans to give journalism training for its staff,[37] sending them to the United States.[38]

In a viewership study carried by Survey Research Malaysia in September and October of 1985, RTM's entertainment programmes made to the top 10 shows thanks to the position of being aired at 8:30 pm where viewers were mostly at home. Notably, the Malay movies slot was in the first place of the top 10 list with 3.754 million viewers. The number of viewers of RTM's television channels were 4.197 million in September and 4.563 million in October respectively.[39]

Plans for FM mono transmissions in Sabah and Sabah were considered in late 1985.[40]

Due to the launch of TV3, RTM lost RM 5 million and RM 11 million in advertising revenue for 1984 and 1985 respectively. Plans to privatise RTM's advertising division in 1986 were in the works,[41] where the Information Ministry would appoint an agency to handle RTM's advertising system.[42]

In August 1986, RTM decided to buy RM4.5 million worth of satellite receiving equipment, drafted in the amendment of the then-Broadcast Act. At that time, RTM was using the Telecom Departments' satellite receiving equipments where it had to pay RM1.7 million annually to the Telecom Department.[43]

RTM began introducing national, regional and international news programmes in mid-1987.[44]

The amount of local programming on RTM's TV1 and TV2 in 1986 were 65%.[43]

On 14 June 1987, RTM slightly reduced the broadcasting hours of its television channels, particularly removing the midnight movie slot, saving the broadcaster about RM 2 million a year. [45]

Over 200 million people tuned in to RTM's broadcasts in Asean countries in 1987.[46]

RTM began producing locally-produced Tamil dramas in 1988 as an effort to increase Tamil programming, despite the lack of advertisers and sponsors.[47]

The earth-satellite complex in Angkasapuri opened in 17 December 1988, costing RM 3 million. It marked the start of RTM's entry into "direct satellite broadcasting".[48]

The advertising revenue for RTM in 1987 was at RM 57 million,[49] becoming RM 60 million in 1988[50]and increasing to RM 140 million in 1989 [51] after outsourcing their advertising sales to GT Consultants.[49]

In April 1989, the government approved a project to improve television and radio broadcasts, set to be handled by Transponder Services Sdn Bhd. The project, which cost RM 50 million and planned to start in phases from next year, involved setting up parabolic antennas to feed the broadcasts, including RTM's two television channels. The project would be completed in phases starting in mid-1990. [52]

Radio 4, 5 and 6 began broadcasting 18 hours a day instead of 10 hours in 1990.[53]

In January 1990, RTM was working on an agreement to supply news footage to CNN and One World Channel.[54] It was later finalized.[51] It would renew the contract with the former in July 1994 for another three years, allowing RTM to remove material not for local broadcast.[55]

As of 1990, RTM's television channels were being seen through the Palapa satellite, reaching viewers in Asean countries, Papua New Guinea and Australia.[51]

In 1990, RTM was having problems recruiting staff who are proficient in Mandarin for Radio 5 and TV2 due to a lack of suitable candidates, and had resorted to use part-timers.[56]

RTM had plans to transform itself into a corporation, first in 1983,[57] and later revived in 1989, aimed to enhance its "effectiveness in nation-building".[58] A cabinet proposal was presented in 1989.[59] It was also going to conduct studies through an "independent party",[60] completed around August 1991.[61] RTM planed to be privatised in stages in 1993,[62] going under the name Penyiaran Nasional (PEN) and to be established on 1 September 1993.[63] The plan was scrapped in March 1993, to "maintain contact with the people" and continue to spread "government information".[64] However, RTM revived the plan again in late 1997, "to maintain ratings" of its television channels.[65] It may also look to go corporatised and later privatised.[65]

RTM's gross advertising revenue in 1991 was around RM 200 million; by this time RTM was able to become self-sufficient and no longer rely on government funds.[50]

In 1992, the amount of local programming on RTM's TV1 was at 80%, with TV2 at 35%. The former had achieved the government's target of 80% locally-produced content by the year 2000.[66]

In July 1992, RTM announced that it will introduce different formats for its television channels, catering to its viewer's taste. The news formats would be different as well.[67]

RTM's five radio stations across Malaysia began to broadcast in FM in late 1992, in an effort to refrain Malaysians living in border areas from listening to radio broadcasts from neighbouring countries.[68] Radio transmitters would also be replaced.[68]

In 1993, the prime time slots on TV1 and TV2 were extended to 11:30 pm in stages instead of 7 pm to 10 pm.[69]

In May 1993, RTM planned to prioritise airing of films with positive moral values. It already has a rule to stop broadcasting films that contain sex and violence. [70] RTM also decided to reduce the airplay of rock and rap songs which it considers to be "street culture".[70]

Apart from its headquarters at Angkasapuri, RTM has branches in every state of Malaysia (except Selangor which is based in Angkasapuri) and the Federal Territory of Labuan. In addition to managing radio stations, RTM state branches also publish shows and news content for television broadcast. The Peninsular States began to have their own state radio stations by the early 1990s, with Perlis being the last to do so on 1 June 1991. In East Malaysia, the territorial radio station of Labuan was established on 31 August 1986.[71] RTM began to gradually replace Amplitude Modulation broadcast with Frequency Modulation broadcast since the 1980s (a process which still continue to this day) and adopted numbering system for its Radio Stations in 1993. The names of the radio stations were as follows:

  • Radio 1 Malay language service
  • Radio 2 Music service, rebranded from Stereo FM.
  • Radio 3 Local services, with the name format of Radio 3/Radio Malaysia followed by place name in Malay language.
  • Radio 4 English language service
  • Radio 5 Chinese language service
  • Radio 6 Tamil language service
  • Radio 7 Aslian language service

Original Malay Melody Radio service (Malay: Radio Irama Melayu Asli, RiMA), precursor of present-day Radio Klasik began broadcast on 11 March 1998.[72][73]

RTM was responsible for the Highway Radio project along with local private company Time Engineering in 1993.[74] Both parties were also responsbile for Radio Tourism, a temporary radio station based in Langkawi which would be launched in November 1993 for the Visit Malaysia Year 1994.[74] A science and technology radio, Radio Teknologi, was planned to start in 1994.[75]

As of 1993, RTM's overseas service Voice of Malaysia broadcast in Malay, English, Indonesian, Thai, Myanmar, Tagalog, Mandarin and Arabic, with plans to start broadcasting in Japanese, Khmer, Vietnamese and Lao.[69]

RTM ended the BBC World Service Television news broadcast in May 1994, with the BBC demanding that it would stop supply their content to Malaysia and should air their content without cuts.[76] RTM decided that it will seek other news providers, including CNN and ABU.[77]

RTM introduced sign language in its television news broadcasts in late 1995. RTM had attempted sign language broadcasts in 1990 but ended due to "a lack of skilled people".[78]

The RTMNet website was launched on 27 December 1995, becoming the first broadcaster in Asia to broadcast over the internet with six national radio stations streaming over the service.[79] It would also became the first broadcaster in Asia to stream the Budget on the internet on 25 October 1996, partnering with local computer company MCSB Systems.[80]

The gross revenue for TV1 and TV2 in 1996 was reported to be at RM 57 million.[65]

RTM planned to start an "information radio" station set to launch in 1996, using the broadcast spaces of Radio 7.[81] The station was given the name "Radio Penerangan", launching on 25 September 1997 and air for eight hours a day in the Klang Valley area.[82] Other radio stations planned include RIMA, then only described as a "24 hour" "Malay traditional music and songs" radio station,[83] Radio Konsumer, a consumer radio,[84] Radio Wanita, a women's radio[84] and a tourist radio station for Langkawi.[84]

RTM began broadcasting its Malay and English Suara Islam radio to Malaysian listeners in late 1997.[83]

In December 1997, RTM reduced its annual spending on programmes by 20% due to the then-ongoing financial crisis.[85]

In October 2000, RTM signs a memorandum of understanding (MoU) agreement with Japanese broadcasting company,

Fuji TV for the TV programs and news exchanges.[86]

2001–2014: Rebranding and transformation

In 2001, RTM reorganized and restructured schedulling time for TV1 and TV2 to adapt with current situation.[87] It also planned to introduced a new formula to allocate broadcast time to 54 production companies by 2002.[88]

In 2002, RTM announced that it would launch a specialty channel dedicated to sports and recreation, which would later become Sukan RTM.[89]

In 2003, RTM revived its corporatization plan and expected to be corporatized as Radio Televisyen Malaysia Berhad (RTMB) with the name and logo change took effect in March, but later postponed to June and August. However, the plan was abolished as RTM remains a government-owned.[90][91]

In conjunction with its 59th anniversary on 1 April 2005, RTM's radio stations underwent rebranding and renaming.[92][93]

  • Radio 1 Malay language service was rebranded as Nasional FM.
  • Radio 2 Music service was rebranded as Muzik FM.
  • Most Radio 3 Local service radio stations adopted names based on place names in Malay language followed by FM. Sabah's non-Malay language service was rebranded as Sabah V FM, while Sarawak's English and Chinese language and Bumiputera language services were rebranded as Red FM and Wai FM respectively.
  • Radio 4 English language service was rebranded as
    Traxx FM
    .
  • Radio 5 Chinese language service was rebranded as Ai FM.
  • Radio 6 Tamil language service was rebranded as Minnal FM.
  • Radio 7 Aslian language service was rebranded as Asyik FM.
  • Original Malay Melody Radio service was rebranded as Klasik FM.

On 12 August 2006, Nasional FM merged with Klasik FM to form Klasik Nasional FM,[94] and broadcast classical Malay music together with its main program 24 hours a day.[95][96][97] However, the merger survived for only five years, as the station began losing listeners to sister stations and private competitors such as Hot FM, Sinar FM and Era FM, as well as then-upstart Bernama's Radio24 which took over the frequencies of Klasik FM. Thus, Klasik Nasional was demerged on 4 January 2012 at midnight and split into the original two radio stations, with Nasional FM using the same frequencies as the former Muzik FM (discontinued in late 2012) and Klasik Nasional became Radio Klasik.[98] Owing to the diminished effectiveness of a shortwave radio service over time with changing technology and media consumption habits, Voice of Malaysia was dissolved on 31 August 2011. Prior to this, the Arab, Burmese and Thai language services ceased broadcast by 1 May 2009.[99]

In 2008, RTM considers its idea to setup the new channel that focuses on the live broadcasts of Parliament conferences, which later became RTM Parlimen.[100]

In January 2009, RTM restructured contents on its two main terrestrial channels, TV1 and TV2.[101][102][103]

TV1 broadcast overnight many times since the early 1990s, but daily 24-hour transmissions did not come until 2003, which was later cancelled. Permanent 24-hour broadcasting was introduced on 3 April 2006 on TV2 and on 21 August 2012 on TV1.

On 28 December 2013, RTM celebrates 50th anniversary of television in Malaysia.[104]

2015–present: Transition to digital

In 2018, it was announced that RTM and Bernama will merged to form a standalone broadcasting corporation as part of the government's efforts to reduce operation costs. However, the merger plan was abandoned.[105][106][107][108]

In 2019, the Ministry of Communications and Multimedia announced that it would introduce a new channel through RTM, with programs on these channels being documentaries that would provide information to the public.[109][110][111]

Three new TV channels were launched during the digital television broadcasting era: TV Okey on 21 March 2018,[112][113] news channel Berita RTM on 25 June 2020[114] and sports channel Sukan RTM on 1 April 2021.[115] TV Pendidikan returned to RTM on 6 April 2020 and began to air on TV Okey.[116][117]

On 1 April 2021, RTM celebrates its 75th anniversary and unveils its new corporate logo.[1] A special stamp was launched in collaboration between RTM and Pos Malaysia to commemorate with RTM's 75th anniversary.[118]

Properties and facilities

Headquarters and branch offices

class=notpageimage|
RTM headquarters and branch offices
Name Location Television services Radio services Other
Angkasapuri Kuala Lumpur TV1, TV2, TV Okey, Sukan RTM, Berita RTM Nasional FM, KL FM, Selangor FM, TraXX FM, Ai FM, Minnal FM, Asyik FM, Radio Klasik Headquarters of RTM, Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU), Tun Abdul Razak Institute for Broadcasting and Information (IPPTAR) and Selangor State Broadcasting Department (RTM Selangor). It houses RTM's Radio, Television and News divisions and main TV Show and News production studios.
Tuanku Syed Putra Broadcasting Complex Kangar, Perlis Perlis FM Perlis branch office (RTM Perlis).
Sultan Abdul Halim Information and Broadcasting Complex Alor Setar, Kedah Kedah FM Kedah State main office (RTM Kedah). Also known by address: Jalan Kuala Kedah.
Kuah Tabung Haji Building Langkawi, Kedah Langkawi FM Langkawi branch office (RTM Langkawi).
Penang State Broadcasting Department George Town, Penang Mutiara FM Penang branch office (RTM Pulau Pinang). Also known by address: Jalan Burma (Burmah Road).
Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah Complex Ipoh, Perak Perak FM Perak branch office (RTM Perak). Also known by address: Jalan Raja Musa Mahadi (formerly Dairy Road).
Kelantan State Broadcasting Department Kota Bharu, Kelantan Kelantan FM Kelantan branch office (RTM Kelantan). Located in Wakaf Che Yeh Suburb. Site of Kelantan FM transmitter.
Terengganu State Broadcasting Department Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Terengganu FM Terengganu branch office (RTM Terengganu).
Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Broadcasting Complex Kuantan, Pahang Pahang FM Pahang branch office (RTM Pahang).
Tuanku Muhammad Broadcasting Complex Seremban, Negeri Sembilan Negeri FM Negeri Sembilan branch office (RTM Negeri Sembilan).
Malacca State Broadcasting Department Malacca City, Malacca Melaka FM Malacca branch office (RTM Melaka). Also known by address: Jalan Taming Sari.
Sultan Iskandar Information and Broadcasting Complex Johor Bahru, Johor Johor FM Johor branch office (RTM Johor). Also known by address: Jalan Tasek Utara.
Kuching RTM Building Kuching, Sarawak TV Okey Sarawak FM, Red FM, Wai FM Iban, Wai FM Bidayuh Sarawak State main office (RTM Sarawak). It houses the state's TV Show and News production studios. Also known by address: Jalan P. Ramlee.[19]
Sri Aman Broadcasting Department Simanggang, Sarawak Sri Aman FM Sri Aman branch office (RTM Sri Aman).
Sibu Broadcasting Department Sibu, Sarawak Sibu FM Sibu branch office (RTM Sibu). Also known by address: Jalan Abang Haji Openg.
Old Bintulu Development Authority Building Bintulu, Sarawak Bintulu FM Bintulu branch office (RTM Bintulu).
Miri Broadcasting Department Miri, Sarawak Miri FM Miri branch office (RTM Miri).
Limbang Broadcasting Department Limbang, Sarawak Limbang FM Limbang branch office (RTM Limbang).
Labuan Broadcasting Department Labuan Labuan FM Labuan branch office (RTM Labuan). Also known by address: Jalan Tanjung Taras.
Ministry of Communications and Multimedia Integrated Complex Kota Kinabalu, Sabah TV Okey Sabah FM, Sabah V FM Sabah State main office (RTM Sabah). It houses the state's TV Show and News production studios. Located in Kepayan suburb along Jalan Lintas.
Keningau Federal House Keningau, Sabah Keningau FM Keningau branch office (RTM Keningau).
Sandakan Federal Building Sandakan, Sabah Sandakan FM Sandakan branch office (RTM Sandakan).
Tawau Broadcasting Department Tawau, Sabah Tawau FM Tawau branch office (RTM Tawau). Also known by address: Jalan Chong Thien Vun.

Local stations

List of RTM local stations by establishment date
No. Name Establishment date Notes
1  Penang 1 April 1946 The first branch station of RTM. Initially headquartered at Chinese Recreational Club, it moved to United Engineers Building at Bishop Street in 1948, the Sepoy Lines Road in 1955 and the present building at Burmah Road in 1961, which was opened on 30 October 1965.
2  Malacca 1 April 1946 The second branch station of RTM. Initially stationed at the Stadthuys, it moved to a wooden building in Downtown Malacca in 1948 and the present building at Jalan Mata Kuching (now Jalan Taming Sari) in 1961, which was opened on 17 August 1965.
3  Sarawak 7 June 1954 The first and main station of Sarawak and the first station in East Malaysia.
4  Sabah 9 November 1955 The first and main station of Sabah and the second station in East Malaysia. Initially headquartered at Brace Hill in Kota Kinabalu, it moved to Wisma Radio at KM 2.4 Jalan Tuaran in 1963, and later the Ministry of Communications Complex in 2012.[18]
5  Kelantan 16 November 1963
6  Johor 4 June 1966
7  Perak 13 May 1967
8  Pahang 10 February 1968
9 Sarawak Limbang 17 April 1971 The second station in Sarawak.
10  Terengganu 1 March 1973
11 Sarawak Sibu 7 December 1974 The third station in Sarawak.
12 Sarawak Miri 2 September 1975 The fourth station in Sarawak.
13  Kedah 31 August 1979 The first and main station of Kedah. Initially housed at Alor Setar Federal House, it moved to the Sultan Abdul Halim Information and Broadcasting Complex in 1992.
14 Sarawak Sri Aman 21 October 1982 The fifth station in Sarawak.
15  Labuan 31 August 1986
16 Sabah Tawau 31 August 1987 The second station in Sabah.[18]
17  Negeri Sembilan 16 August 1990
18  Selangor 16 August 1990
19  Perlis 1 June 1991
20 Sabah Sandakan 5 January 1992 The third station in Sabah.[18]
21 Kedah Langkawi 1 November 1993 The second and latest station in Kedah.
22 Sabah Keningau 1 January 2009 The fourth and latest station in Sabah.
23 Sarawak Bintulu 12 April 2011 The sixth and latest station in Sarawak.

Terrestrial stations

Radio

RTM offers 34 FM radio channels – 6 national and 28 local stations, which are collectively known as Radio RTM or Radio Malaysia. Each station has different frequencies, depending on the area of coverage.

Nationwide

Station Language Ref.
Nasional FM
Malay
 [119]
TraXX FM English [120]
Ai FM
Teochew and Hakka
) 		[121]
Minnal FM Tamil [122]
Radio Klasik
Malay
 [123]
Asyik FM
Malay and Aslian (Semai, Jakun, Temiar and Temuan
) 		[124]

Local

RTM's local radio network, formerly known as Radio 3, offers localised services to listeners across their respective states and federal territories. Most stations operate from 6:00 am to midnight daily, with simulcasts of Nasional FM taking place during downtime. Others like Sabah V FM, take simulcasts from another national radio network overnight. KL FM, as well as Sarawak FM, however, operates 24 hours a day. The logos of the local radio stations display colours that match those on Malaysia's individual state or territory flags.

Regional radio stations
Station Frequencies (Area/Transmitter)[125][126] Language Ref.
Perlis FM 102.9 MHz (Perlis/Pauh) Malay [127]
Kedah FM 97.5 MHz (Alor Setar/Mount Jerai)
95.4 MHz (Gulau/Gulau)
105.7 MHz (Langkawi/Gunung Raya)
90.5 MHz (Baling/Bukit Palong)
88.5 MHz (Selama and Bandar Baharu/Bukit Sungai Kecil Hilir)
105.1 MHz (Sik/Bukit Dedap)
105.1 MHz (Sintok/UUM)		 Malay [128]
Mutiara FM 93.9 MHz (North Penang/Mount Jerai)
90.9 MHz (Balik Pulau/Bukit Genting)
95.7 MHz (South Penang/Bukit Penara)		 Malay [129]
Perak FM 94.7 MHz (Cameron Highlands/Mount Brinchang)
97.3 MHz (Changkat Rembian/Changkat Rembian)
96.2 MHz (Gerik/Gerik)
95.6 MHz (Ipoh/Gunung Kledang)
102.9 MHz (Lawin/Lawin)
94.2 MHz (Lenggong/Bukit Ladang Teh)
104.1 MHz (Taiping/Bukit Larut)
89.6 MHz (Tanjung Malim/Bukit Asa)		 Malay [130]
Kelantan FM 107.2 MHz (Dabong/Dabong)
92.0 MHz (Gua Musang/Bukit Chupak)
90.0 MHz (Jeli/Bukit Tangki Air)
102.9 MHz (Kota Bharu/Teliput)
97.3 MHz (Machang/Bukit Bakar)
88.1 MHz (Paloh/Paloh)
107.1 MHz (East Kelantan/Bukit Bintang)		 Malay [131]
Terengganu FM 96.2 MHz (Besut/Bukit Bintang)
90.7 MHz (Chukai/Bukit Kemuning)
97.7 MHz (Dungun/Bukit Bauk)
90.0 MHz (FELDA Cerul/FELDA Cerul)
88.9 MHz (FELDA Tenang/FELDA Tenang)
88.7 MHz (Kuala Terengganu/Bukit Besar)
 Malay [132]
Pahang FM 88.0 MHz (Bandar Muadzam Shah/Bukit Sembilan)
100.3 MHz (Cameron Highlands/Mount Brinchang)
107.2 MHz (Damak/Bukit Botak)
95.5 MHz (Gambang/Bukit Sulai)
92.7 MHz (Jerantut/Bukit Istana)
104.1 MHz (Kuantan/Bukit Pelindung)
92.0 MHz (Maran/Bukit Senggora)
96.8 MHz (Tioman Island/Tioman Island)
102.2 MHz (Raub/Fraser's Hill)
91.9 MHz (Rompin/Rompin)
107.5 MHz (West Pahang/Mount Ulu Kali)		 Malay [133]
Selangor FM 99.8 MHz (Hulu Langat/Hulu Langat)
100.9 MHz (Selangor/Mount Ulu Kali)		 Malay [134]
KL FM 97.2 MHz (Kuala Lumpur/Kuala Lumpur Tower) Malay [135]
Negeri FM 92.6 MHz (Central Negeri Sembilan/Bukit Telapa Burok)
107.7 MHz (Gemas/Mount Ledang)
95.7 MHz (Tampin/Bukit Tampin)		 Malay [136]
Melaka FM 102.3 MHz (Malacca/Mount Ledang) Malay [137]
Johor FM 101.9 MHz (Johor Bahru and Singapore/Mount Pulai)
92.1 MHz (Mersing/Bukit Tinggi)
105.3 MHz (Northern Johor/Mount Ledang)		 Malay [138]
Sarawak FM 88.1 MHz (Lambir Hills/Bukit Lambir)
88.9 MHz (Kuching/Mount Serapi)
89.9 MHz (Mukah/Mukah)
91.5 MHz (Sarikei/Bukit Kayu Malam)
92.7 MHz (Kapit/Bukit Kapit)
93.7 MHz (Bintulu/Bukit Setiam)
94.4 MHz (Betong/Spaoh)
94.7 MHz (Bintulu/Bukit Ngabau)
94.8 MHz (Serian/Bukit Ampangan)
95.1 MHz (Setapong/Bukit Singalang)
95.7 MHz (Song/Bukit Song)
97.1 MHz (Suai/Bukit TT844)
97.5 MHz (Lawas/Bukit Tiong)
100.0 MHz (Limbang/Bukit Sagang Rudang)
100.3 MHz (Miri/RTM Miri)
100.3 MHz (Sri Aman/Bukit Temunduk)
101.5 MHz (Limbang/Bukit Mas)
101.5 MHz (Sibu/Bukit Lima)
105.4 MHz (Belaga/Belaga)		 Malay and Melanau [19]
Red FM 89.2 MHz (Sarikei/Bukit Kayu Malam)
89.9 MHz (Kapit/Bukit Kapit)
90.7 MHz (Lambir Hills/Bukit Lambir)
91.9 MHz (Kuching/Mount Serapi)
92.3 MHz (Mukah/Mukah)
92.7 MHz (Kapit/Bukit Kapit)
97.2 MHz (Serian/Bukit Ampangan)
97.8 MHz (Betong/Spaoh)
99.0 MHz (Song/Bukit Song)
100.5 MHz (Bintulu/Bukit Setiam)
100.5 MHz (Lawas/Bukit Tiong)
101.1 MHz (Setapong/Bukit Singalang)
104.1 MHz (Limbang/Bukit Mas)
104.1 MHz (Sibu/Bukit Lima)
106.3 MHz (Miri/RTM Miri)
106.3 MHz (Sri Aman/Bukit Temunduk)
107.7 MHz (Limbang/Bukit Sagang Rudang)
107.8 MHz (Belaga/Belaga)
 English and Chinese (
Hakka
)		 [1]
Labuan FM 89.4 MHz (Labuan/Bukit Timbalai)
103.7 MHz (Labuan/RTM Labuan)		 Malay [139]
Sabah FM 89.7 MHz (Lahad Datu/Mount Silam)
89.9 MHz (Kota Kinabalu/Bukit Lawa Mandau)
89.9 MHz (Gadong/Gadong)
90.3 MHz (Tenom/Bukit Sigapon)
92.9 MHz (Sandakan/Bukit Trig)
95.7 MHz (Tawau/Mount Andrassy)
95.9 MHz (Kudat/Bukit Kelapa)
97.1 MHz (Kota Marudu/Langkon)
97.9 MHz (Sipitang/Bukit Tampalagus)
101.5 MHz (Kota Belud/Bukit Pompod)
104.1 MHz (Felda Sahabat/Felda Sahabat)
104.5 MHz (Central Sabah/Mount Kinabalu)		 Malay [140]
Sabah V FM 91.1 MHz (Kota Marudu/Langkon)
92.5 MHz (Lahad Datu/Mount Silam)
92.6 MHz (Gadong/Gadong)
92.7 MHz (Kota Kinabalu/Bukit Lawa Mandau)
93.1 MHz (Tenom/Bukit Sigapon)
93.3 MHz (Labuan/Bukit Timbalai)
96.1 MHz (Sandakan/Bukit Trig)
98.7 MHz (Kudat/Bukit Kelapa)
99.3 MHz (Tawau/Mount Andrassy)
102.9 MHz (Sipitang/Bukit Tampalagus)
104.1 MHz (Kota Belud/Bukit Pompod)
106.7 MHz (Felda Sahabat/Felda Sahabat)
107.1 MHz (Central Sabah/Mount Kinabalu)		 English,
Bajau
and Murut		 [140]
Specific-localised radio stations
Station State Frequencies (Area/Transmitter)[125][126] Language Ref.
Langkawi FM Kedah 104.8 MHz (Langkawi/Gunung Raya) Malay [139]
Wai FM Iban Sarawak 101.3 MHz (Kuching/Mount Serapi)
106.9 MHz (Serian/Bukit Ampangan)		 Iban [141]
Wai FM Bidayuh 101.7 MHz (Serian/Bukit Ampangan)
106.1 MHz (Kuching/Mount Serapi)
Bidayuh, Kayan and Kenyah
 [141]
Sri Aman FM 89.5 MHz (Sri Aman/Bukit Temunduk)
99.5 MHz (Betong/Spaoh)		 Malay [1]
Sibu FM 87.6 MHz (Sibu/Bukit Lima)
94.3 MHz (Kapit/Bukit Kapit)
94.6 MHz (Sarikei/Bukit Kayu Malam)
98.7 MHz (Mukah/Mukah)
99.8 MHz (Song/Bukit Song)
102.1 MHz (Setapong/Bukit Singgalang)
103.0 MHz (Belaga/Belaga)		 Malay, Chinese (Mandarin) and Iban [1]
Bintulu FM 95.3 MHz (Bintulu/RTM Bintulu)
97.5 MHz (Bintulu/Bukit Setiam)		 Malay [1]
Miri FM 95.7 MHz (Lambir Hills/Bukit Lambir)
98.0 MHz (Miri/RTM Miri)		 Malay, Chinese (Mandarin), Iban, Kayan and Kenyah [1]
Limbang FM 94.5 MHz (Limbang/Bukit Sagang Rudang)
101.1 Mhz (Lawas/Bukit Tiong)
104.9 MHz (Limbang/Bukit Mas)		 Malay, Bisaya and Lun Bawang [1]
Keningau FM Sabah 94.7 MHz (Tenom/Bukit Sigapon)
98.4 MHz (Keningau/Federal House)		 Malay, Murut and Dusun [139]
Sandakan FM 90.1 MHz (Sandakan/Bukit Trig) Malay [139]
Tawau FM 93.6 MHz (Lahad Datu/Mount Silam)
99.1 MHz (FELDA Sahabat/FELDA Sahabat)
100.1 MHz (Tawau/Mount Andrassy)		 Malay [139]

Television

RTM offers six terrestrial TV channels in Malaysia: TV1, TV2, Okey, Berita RTM, Sukan RTM and TV6. While Malay and English are main languages used for its programmes, three out of six channels also offer vernacular language programmes for its non-Malay native population (widely known as Bumiputera), as well as Chinese and Indian minorities. TV1 and TV2 carry commercials, whereas TV Okey, Berita RTM, Sukan RTM and TV6 does not.

Name Availability Language Programming 24-hours Ref.
TV1 Free-to-air, Satellite, IPTV Malay News, culture, entertainment and children Yes [142]
TV2 Free-to-air, Satellite, IPTV Malay, English, Chinese (Mandarin), Indian (Tamil and
Hindi), Korean and Turkish
 News, culture, entertainment and children Yes [142]
TV Okey Free-to-air, Satellite Malay, English, Bajau, Dusun, Kadazan and Iban News, culture, entertainment, children and education Yes [143]
Berita RTM Free-to-air Malay, English, Chinese (Mandarin), Indian (Tamil), Bajau, Dusun, Kadazan and Iban News Yes [144]
Sukan RTM Free-to-air Malay Sports Yes [145]
TV6
 Free-to-air Malay Films, entertainment, variety and drama series from the RTM archives No [146]

Digital platforms

RTM Klik logo.

RTM Klik (formerly MyKlik and RTM Mobile, launched on 18 April 2012) is RTM's Over-the-top media service (OTT). It covers viewers across multiple devices such as computers, tablets, smartphones.[147][148] The service's website contains all RTM television channels and radio stations, as well as online parliament streaming channel RTM Parlimen and audio podcasts.[149]

RTM Parlimen, launched on 1 July 2013, broadcasts the parliamentary session from Monday to Thursday from 10 am to 1 pm or late in the morning session and from 2.30 pm to 5.30 pm or late in the evening session. Apart from RTM Klik, RTM Parlimen can also be watched through the RTM Parlimen page channel.[citation needed]

Orchestras

Orkestra RTM is RTM's broadcasting orchestra which was established in 1961 as Orkestra Radio Malaya, later renamed as Orkestra Radio Malaysia in 1963 before assumed its present name in 1969. It produces and performs orchestra-based entertainment programs as well as performs in various music events in Malaysia and abroad. Mokhzani Ismail is the orchestra's music director since 1999. In 2011, Orkestra RTM received recognition from The Malaysia Book of Records as the longest-running musical orchestra in Malaysia.[150][151][152]

Flagship programmes

Some of RTM's flagship programmes include:

  • Selamat Pagi Malaysia (Good Morning Malaysia) – A breakfast television programme launched on 1 April 1985 in the form of a talk show. Formerly broadcasts only on weekends, particularly on Friday and Sunday, it started full-time morning broadcast on 1 March 1994. Apart from the main talk segments, the talk show also includes live reports of major events from various locations across the country, as well as weather report from the Malaysian Meteorological Department and home shopping segments targeting mainly Malay viewers.[153]

Identity

Corporate logos

  • Radio Malaya and Radio Malaysia logo (1957–1969).
    Radio Malaya and Radio Malaysia logo (1957–1969).
  • Televisyen Malaysia logo (1963–1969).
    Televisyen Malaysia logo (1963–1969).
  • RTM logo (1969–1978).
    RTM logo (1969–1978).
  • RTM logo (1978–1987).
    RTM logo (1978–1987).
  • RTM logo (1987–2004).
    RTM logo (1987–2004).
  • RTM logo (2004–2021).
    RTM logo (2004–2021).
  • RTM logo (2021–present).
    RTM logo (2021–present).

Slogans

  • Teman Setia Anda (Your Loyal Companion, 1987–present)

See also

References

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External links

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