Timeline of Northumbria and Northumberland
This timeline summarises significant events in the history of Northumbria and Northumberland.
500
- 559 - Ida of Bernicia is the first known King of Bernicia; he reigned from 547 to 559.[1]
- 588 - The first king of Deira was Ælla of Deira who ruled from 560 until his death in 588.[1]
600
- 604 - to form Northumbria.
- 613 - Æthelfrith engaged in the Battle of Chester.[1]
- 625 - Bishop of York.
- 634 - Lindisfarne Priory founded by Irish monk Saint Aidan.[2]
- 634/642 - Oswald of Northumbria "reunited the whole of Northumbria".[1]
- 638 - Gododdin hillfort at Edinburgh is captured by Oswald of Northumbria (see Northumbrian Edinburgh).
- 664 - Synod of Whitby
- 664 - Plague in British Isles travels at least as far north as Lastingham.
- 674 - Hexham Abbey built.[2]
- 685 - Loss to Picts at Battle of Dun Nechtain (Nechtansmere) limits northern expansion.
- 687 - Cuthbert, patron saint of Northumbria, dies at his Inner Farne Islandhermitage.
700
- 709 - Acca is appointed as Bishop of Hexham.
- 715 - Eadfrith creates the Lindisfarne Gospels.
- 731 - Bede writes the Ecclesiastical History of the English People at Jarrow.[1]
- 735 - Alcuin of York is born, later a major figure in the Carolingian Renaissance under Charlemagne.
- 793 - Vikings raid Lindisfarne.
- 794 - Vikings raid Jarrow.
800
- 827 - Northumbria accepts Egbert of Wessex as overlord.[1]
- 865 - Northumbrians led by Aelle II defeat Ragnar Lodbrok's raiding Vikings.
- 866 - York and southern Northumbria are conquered and settled by the "Great Heathen Army."
- 867 - Osberht join forces only to be defeated at the Battle of York.
900
- 915 - Battle of Corbridge.
- 927 - Athelstan.
- 937 - Athelstan defeats Norse-Celtic force in the battle of Brunanburh.
- 947/48 - Eric Bloodaxe King of Northumbria.[1]
- 952/54 - Eric Bloodaxe King of Northumbria again.[1]
- 954
- Edinburgh is lost to Scottish king Indulf.
- Eadred of Wessex permanently "absorbed Northumbria into the English Kingdom."
- 993 - Bamburgh Castle destroyed by the Vikings.
- 995 - Monks from Lindisfarne establish Durham
1000
- 1013 - Uhtred the Bold, ealdorman of all Northumbria submitted to Sweyn Forkbeardas did all of the Danes in the north.
- 1018 - Malcolm II.[1]
- 1041 - Eadwulf, earl of Bamburgh was "betrayed" by king Harthacnut and killed by Siward.
- 1065 - The term Northumberland is first recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
- 1069 - William I ruthlessly suppresses Northumbrian opposition in the Harrying of the North.
- 1072 - Malcolm III.
- 1080 - Normans fortify a town on the Tyne, thereafter known as Newcastle.
- 1089 - Northumberland county is created.
- 1091 - Cathedral Church of St Nicholas founded.[2]
- 1095 - Prudhoe Castle built (approx date).[2]
- 1096 - Alnwick Castle construction begins.[2]
1100
- 1121 - Norham Castle construction begins.[2]
- 1135 - Brinkburn Priory founded (approx date).[2]
- 1137 - Newminster Abbey is founded near Morpeth.
- 1139 - Matilda grants Northumberland north of the Tees to David I of Scotland.
- 1143 - Castle is built at Northallerton.
- 1150 - Warkworth Castle built (approx date).[2]
- 1157 - Henry II reclaims Northumberland from Scotland.
- 1160 - Castle is built at Norham.
- 1174 - While besieging William I of Scotland is captured and imprisoned in Newcastle.
- 1177 - The Castle, Newcastle built.[2]
1200
- 1216 - King John orders destruction of Berwick-upon-Tweed.
- 1237 - The Treaty of York defines the northern border of England and Northumberland county.
- 1240 - Hulne Priory founded.[2]
- 1250 - Haughton Castle built. (approx date).[2]
- 1296 - English force sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed prior to defeating Scots in the Battle of Dunbar
- 1297 - Scots led by William Wallace burn Hexham, Corbridge and Ryton.
1300
- 1314 - The county was ravaged by Robert the Bruce. [2]
- 1322 - Dunstanburgh Castle built.[2]
- 1330 - Peel tower added to Featherstone Castle.[2]
- 1333 - Edward III, besieging Berwick-upon-Tweed, defeats Scots in the Battle of Halidon Hill.
- 1346 - Scottish force sacks Hexham prior to defeat at the Battle of Neville's Cross.
- 1349 - Black Plague
- 1370 - Belsay Castle built. (approx date).[2]
- 1377 - Henry Percy becomes first Earl of Northumberland.
- 1388 - Battle of Otterburn.[2]
1400
- 1402 - Battle of Humbleton Hill
- 1403 - Henry "Hotspur" Percy is killed at Shrewsbury in battle against Henry IV.
- 1450 - Dilston Castle built. (approx date)[2]
- 1464 - Battle of Hedgeley Moor
- 1482 - Berwick-upon-Tweed last re-captured by England.
1500
- 1500 - Birth of Bishop Ridley who was martyred in 1555.[2]
- 1513 - English defeat invading Scots at Battle of Flodden Field.
- 1549 - John Knox appointed parish minister in Berwick-upon-Tweed.
- 1551 - John Dudley becomes first Duke of Northumberland.
- 1569 - Earl of Northumberland rebels against Elizabeth I in the Rising of the North.
- 1572 - The liberty of Hexham was annexed to Northumberland.[2]
- 1597 - Plague kills 340 in Newcastle.
1600
- 1603 - Union of crowns under James I
- 1606 - James I transports Border Reivers to Ireland in the Plantation of Ulster.
- 1640 - Scottish Covenanters defeat English force in the Battle of Newburn
- 1649 - 14 women are convicted and executed in Newcastle witch trials.
1700
- 1707 - Act of Union joins the Scottish government with that of England and Wales.
- 1715 - Birth of Capability Brown in Kirkharle.
- 1745 - Scant Northumberland support for Bonnie Prince Charlie in the second Jacobite rising.
- 1761 - Troops in Hexham shoot 40 miners protesting against conscription.
- 1781 - Birth of George Stephenson in Wylam
- 1782 - 5th Regiment of Foot named the 5th (The Northumberland) Regiment of Foot.
1800
- 1800 - Bewick publishes British Birds.
- 1819 - Newcastle Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry raised.
- 1829
- Rainhill Trials.
- Natural History Society of Northumbria founded.
- 1838 - Grace Darling rescues survivors from a shipwreck off the Farne Islands.
- 1844 - North British Railway operated from 1844 to 1922.[2]
- 1853 - Cholera epidemic kills 1,500 in Newcastle.
- 1854 - North Eastern Railway incorporated.[2]
- 1877 - Rutherford College of Technology founded.
- 1891 - Population: 506,442.[2]
1900
- 1901 - Population: 603,498.[2]
- 1903 - Smallpox epidemic hits Newcastle.
- 1936 - Two hundred men march from Jarrow to London to protest about unemployment in the region.
- 1940 - .
- 1963 - University of Newcastle upon Tyneis established as separate institution.
- 1966 - Epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease strikes Northumberland farms.
- 1974 - The county of Tyne and Wear is created.
See also
References
Sources
- Stenton, F. M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Waters, I. (1999). Northumberland: England's Border Country. Contemporary Review, 275(1605), 203–210.
External links
- Timeline of Northeast England
- Beck, Frederick George Meeson (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). pp. 793–794.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 790–793.