User:Praseodymium-141/Lithium compounds

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Lithium compounds are compounds containing the element lithium (Li). These compounds usually take the +1 oxidation state, although the 0 oxidation state is known.

Inorganic compounds

n-butyllithium
fragment in a crystal

Lithium forms salt-like derivatives with all

pseudohalides and related anions. Lithium carbonate has been described as the most important compound of lithium.[1]
This white solid is the principal product of beneficiation of lithium ores. It is a precursor to other salts including ceramics and materials for lithium batteries.

The compounds LiBH
4 and LiAlH
4 are useful reagents. These salts and many other lithium salts exhibit distinctively high solubility in ethers, in contrast with salts of heavier alkali metals.

In aqueous solution, the coordination complex [Li(H2O)4]+ predominates for many lithium salts. Related complexes are known with amines and ethers.

Organic chemistry

Main article: Organolithium reagent

nucleophiles. They have also been applied in asymmetric synthesis in the pharmaceutical industry. For laboratory organic synthesis, many organolithium reagents are commercially available in solution form. These reagents are highly reactive, and are sometimes pyrophoric
.

Like its inorganic compounds, almost all organic compounds of lithium formally follow the duet rule (e.g., BuLi, MeLi). However, it is important to note that in the absence of coordinating solvents or ligands, organolithium compounds form dimeric, tetrameric, and hexameric clusters (e.g., BuLi is actually [BuLi]6 and MeLi is actually [MeLi]4) which feature multi-center bonding and increase the coordination number around lithium. These clusters are broken down into smaller or monomeric units in the presence of solvents like dimethoxyethane (DME) or ligands like tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA).[3] As an exception to the duet rule, a two-coordinate lithate complex with four electrons around lithium, [Li(thf)4]+[((Me3Si)3C)2Li]–, has been characterized crystallographically.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Greenwood was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ISBN 978-0-471-54930-7. Archived
    from the original on 31 July 2016.
  3. ISSN 0002-7863
    .
  4. OCLC 946063142.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )

Compounds Category:Chemical compounds by element

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