User:Strand/Pink triangle

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For the Weezer song, see Pink Triangle (song). For the British audio manufacturer, see Pink Triangle (audio manufacturer).
A pink triangle in the traditional orientation
Part of the LGBT series
LGBT symbols
      
Symbols
Pride flags

In

Nazi concentration camp badges
.

A pink triangle was used to identify queer prisoners who were

transgender women.[2][3] [4]

Intended as a

LGBTQ rights movement.[5][6]

History

Nazi prisoner identification

In

trans men wore a black triangle.[8][9]

If a prisoner was also identified as

Jewish, the triangle was superimposed over an inverted yellow second triangle to resemble the Star of David
.

While the number assigned a pink triangle in German concentration camps is hard to estimate, Richard Plant gives a rough estimate of the number convicted for homosexuality "between 1933 to 1944 at between 50,000 and 63,000."[3]

After the camps were liberated at the end of the Second World War, many of these prisoners were re-incarcerated by the

LGBT community.[13]

On August 3, 2011 Rudolf Brazda, one of the last known concentration camp survivors arrested under Paragraph 175, died at the age of 98.[14]

Gay rights symbol

An ACT UP member displaying the organization's trademark protest sign with an inverted, upward-pointing pink triangle.

By the end of the 1970s, the pink triangle had begun to be adopted as a symbol for gay rights protest.[15][16] Some academics have linked the reclamation of the symbol with the publication, in the early 1970s, of gay concentration camp survivor Heinz Heger's memoir The Men with the Pink Triangle.[17]

By the 1980s, it was widely used – sometimes discretely, as an "insider" code – as a symbol for gay and lesbian organizations, businesses, and individuals. The

AIDS Coalition To Unleash Power (ACT UP) adopted an upward-pointing pink triangle along with the slogan "SILENCE = DEATH" as its logo shortly after its formation by six gay activists in New York City in 1987.[18][19] Some use the triangle in this orientation as a specific "reversal" of its usage by the Nazis.[20][21][22] The Pink Panthers Movement in Denver, Colorado adopted a pink triangle with clawed panther print logo, adapted from the original Pink Panthers Patrol in New York City.[citation needed
]

A pink triangle enclosed in a green circle was adopted as a symbol identifying "safe spaces" for LGBT people.[23]

The pink triangle served as the basis for the "

biangles", a symbol of bisexual identity which consists of a pink and blue triangles overlapping in a lavender or purple area. The pink and blue symbolize either homosexuality and heterosexuality, or female and male gender, reflecting bisexuals' attraction to both.[24][25]

Monuments and memorials

The symbol of the pink triangle has been included in numerous public monuments and memorials. In 1995, after a decade of campaigning for it, a pink triangle plaque was installed at the

Galveston
.

Until 1985 there was an unofficial ban on placing pink triangle wreaths at the United Kingdom war memorial

the Cenotaph, and such wreaths were removed as soon as they were found by officials.[29]

In popular culture

In the 1975 movie The Rocky Horror Picture Show, the transvestite main character Dr. Frank N. Furter wears a pink triangle badge on one of his outfits.[30]

See also

References

  1. ^ "English-German Dictionary". dict.cc. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
  2. ^ Plant, The Pink Triangle
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8050-0600-1
    .
  4. ^ a b Williams, Cristan. "2008 Houston Transgender Day of Remembrance: Transgenders and Nazi Germany". tgdor.org. Retrieved 2018-08-24.
  5. ^ Shankar, Louis (April 19, 2017). "How the Pink Triangle Became a Symbol of Queer Resistance". HISKIND. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  6. ^ Waxman, Olivia B. (May 31, 2018). "How the Nazi Regime's Pink Triangle Symbol Was Repurposed for LGBTQ Pride". TIME. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  7. Nazi concentration camp table of inmate markings
  8. ^ "Queer Women and AFAB People During the Holocaust". Making Queer History. Retrieved 2018-08-24.
  9. ^ "Lesbians and the Third Reich". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  10. ^ James Kirchik (February 13, 2013). "Documentary Explores Gay Life in East Germany". Der Spiegel.
  11. ISBN 9780230355002
    .
  12. ISBN 1443810851
    .
  13. ^ Melissa Eddy (May 18, 2002). "Germany Offers Nazi-Era Pardons". Associated Press.
  14. ^ Langer, Emily (7 August 2011). "Rudolf Brazda dies; gay man who survived Nazi concentration camp was 98". Washington Post. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  15. ^ Gianoulis, Tina (2004). Claude J. Summers (ed.). "Pink Triangle". glbtq: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture. Archived from the original on 2014-10-25. Retrieved 2014-09-26. In the early 1970s, gay rights organizations in Germany and the United States launched campaigns to reclaim the pink triangle. In 1973 the German gay liberation group Homosexuelle Aktion Westberlin (HAW) called upon gay men to wear the pink triangle as a memorial.
  16. ^ "Symbols of the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Movements". lambda.org. Lambda GLBT Community Services. 2004. Retrieved 2014-09-26.
  17. S2CID 142580540
    .
  18. ISBN 0-313-28715-5
    . p. 176
  19. ^ "SILENCE = DEATH". www.actupny.org.
  20. ^ "San Francisco Neighborhoods: The Castro" KQED documentary.
  21. ^ "This week in history: Recognizing the history of the pink triangle". People's World. PeoplesWorld.org. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  22. ^ R. Amy Elman PhD (2010) Triangles and Tribulations:, Journal of Homosexuality, 30:3, 1-11, DOI: 10.1300/J082v30n03_01
  23. ^ "Safe Space – EQUAL!". equal.org. Retrieved 2018-08-24.
  24. ^ "ALGBTICAL". www.algbtical.org. Retrieved 2018-08-24.
  25. ^ Services, LAMBDA GLBT Community. "Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, & Transgender Symbols". www.qrd.org. Retrieved 2018-08-24.
  26. Pink News
    . Retrieved 1 June 2011.
  27. ^ "Legacy Walk unveils five new bronze memorial plaques - 2342 - Gay Lesbian Bi Trans News - Windy City Times".
  28. ^ "The Pink Triangle, displayed annually on Twin Peaks in San Francisco during Pride weekend". Thepinktriangle.com. 2012-06-14. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
  29. ^ "Q&A: Peter Tatchell". Lush Fresh Handmade Cosmetics.
  30. ^ Nash, Tara (2017-11-30). "Rated "R" for Resistance". Queerer Things. Retrieved 2018-08-24.

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pink triangles.


Category:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany Category:LGBT symbols Category:Terminology of Nazi concentration camps Triangle, pink Category:Triangles

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