Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad
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Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad | |||||
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Emir of the Seville Taifa | |||||
Reign | 1069–1091 | ||||
Predecessor | Abbad II al-Mu'tadid | ||||
Successor | Yusuf ibn Tashfin (as Almoravid ruler) | ||||
Born | c. 1040 Beja, Al-Andalus | ||||
Died | c. 1095 Aghmat, Almoravid Empire (now Morocco) | ||||
Burial | |||||
Spouse | Al-Rumaikiyya | ||||
Children | Buthaina (daughter) | ||||
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Dynasty | Abbadid | ||||
Father | Abbad II al-Mu'tadid | ||||
Religion | Sunni Islam |
Al-Mu'tamid Muhammad ibn Abbad
Early life
When he was 13 years old, Al-Mu'tamid's father bestowed on him the title of
Reign
After the death of his father
More likely the cause of resentment grew from the fact that the Prime Minister had let al-Mu'tamid's son, Prince al-Rasid, be captured and held hostage during a military campaign. He had also declared himself Emir of Murcia without properly acknowledging the rights of his own sovereign. The two men exchanged verses full of bitter criticisms and accusations. Murcia was subsequently lost and Ibn Ammar himself taken hostage. A final attempt to conspire with the young prince against his father proved too much for al-Mu'tamid, who "fell into a rage and hacked him to death with his own hands". After Ibn Ammar's death, the caliph was reported to have grieved bitterly and gave his former friend a sumptuous funeral.[3][4][5]
Large parts of al-Andalus were under the dominion of al-Mu'tamid: to the west his territory encompassed the land between the lower Guadalquivir and Guadiana, plus the areas around Niebla, Huelva and Saltes. In the south it extended to Morón, Arcos, Ronda, and also Algeciras and Tarifa. The capital, Córdoba, was taken in 1070, lost in 1075, and regained in 1078.
Nevertheless, the family was still subject to taxation by the King of Castile, to whom they were vassals. The drain of these taxes effectively weakened the kingdom's power: al-Mu'tamid's decision to stop paying these taxes caused King
I have no desire to be branded by my descendants as the man who delivered al-Andalus as prey to the infidels. I am loath to have my name cursed in every Muslim pulpit. And, for my part, I would rather be a camel-driver in Africa than a swineherd in Castile.[7]
In 1091, Al-Mu'tamid was taken into captivity by the Almoravids and exiled to Aghmat, Morocco, where he died (or was perhaps assassinated) in 1095. His grave is located in the outskirts of Aghmat.[8]
Legacy
Al-Mu'tamid, one of the most eminent men of 11th-century al-Andalus, was highly regarded as a writer of poetry in Arabic.
See also
References
- ISBN 9789004038905.
- ^ Heather Ecker, Caliphs and kings: the art and influence of Islamic Spain, London, 2008
- ^ Levi Provencal, L'Espagne musulmane au Xe siècle. Institutions et vie sociale, Paris, 1932
- ISBN 978-0-674-02233-1
- ISBN 9780814769386.
- ISBN 978-0-691-05344-8.
- ^ [1] Archived October 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lisan Al Din Ibn Al Khatib (c. 1400). Nafadhat al-jirab (the Ashtray of the Socks). p. 9.
- ISBN 90-04-03890-6.
- ^ ISBN 978-84-338-4892-5.
Levi-Provençal ha demostrado que no era hija, sino nuera, del rey de Sevilla, y no se sabe bien si llegó a casarse o no con el rey Alfonso VI. (in English: Levi-Provençal has shown that she was not the daughter but the daughter-in-law of the King of Seville, and it is undetermined whether or not she married King Alfonso VI.
- ISBN 978-0-8122-9211-4.
- ^ a b Canal Sánchez-Pagín, José María (1991). "Jimena Muñoz, Amiga de Alfonso VI". Anuario de Estudios Medievales. 21: 11–40
- ^ Lévi-Provençal, Évariste (1934). "La 'Mora Zaida' femme d'Alfonse VI de Castile et leur fils l'Infant D. Sancho". Hesperis. 18: 1–8,200–1.
- ^ a b Montaner Frutos, Alberto (2005). La Mora Zaida, entre historia y leyenda (con una reflexión sobre la técnica historiográfica alfonsí). Historicist Essays on Hispano-Medieval Narrative. "En conclusion, no hay razones de peso para considerar a Zaida otra cosa que la nuera de Almu'tamid, sin poder precisar su foiliacion." In English: "In conclusion, there are no compelling reasons to consider Zaida anything other than the daughter-in-law of Almu'tamid, without being able to specify her filiation." p. 279.
- ^ a b Palencia, Clemente (1988). "Historia y leyendas de las mujeres de Alfonso VI". Estudios sobre Alfonso VI y la reconquista de Toledo. pp. 281–90.
- ^ a b Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (1992–1993). "Contribución al estudio del reinado de Alfonso VI de Castilla: algunas aclaraciones sobre su política matrimonial". Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía. 2: 299–336.
Sources
- Souissi, Ridha (1977). Al Mutamid Ibn Abbad et son oeuvre poétique : étude des thèmes. Université de Tunis.
- Scheindlin, Raymond P. (1974). Form and structure in the poetry of Al-Mutamid Ibn Abbad. Leiden: Brill.
- Hagerty, Miguel José (1979). Poesia / Al-Mutamid. Barcelona: Antoni Bosch.
- Rubiera Mata, María Jesús (1982). Poesías / Al Mutamid Ibn Abbad. Madrid: Universidad de Sevilla.
- de Oviedo, Pelayo. Chronicle of the Kings of Leon of Pelayo of Oviedo.
- Reilly, Bernard F. (1988). The Kingdom of Leon-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065-1109. Publisher: Princeton University Press.